DIŞ TİCARETTE ÜLKE REKABET GÜCÜNE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLERİN ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDE UYGULAMA

Abstract

İktisat literatüründe genel olarak dış ticaretin ülke ve dolaylı olarak dünya refahına olumlu etkisi olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Çok Uluslu Şirketler en uygun üretim faktörlerini içinde barındıran ülkeleri keşfetmek için uğraşırken, ülkeler de uluslararası sermayeyi kendilerine çekmek için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Ülkelerin dış ticarette rekabet gücünü etkileyen çeşitli unsurların yanı sıra iş yapma kolaylığını temsilen ekonomik özgürlükler de önemli bir değişken olarak görülmektedir. Teorik çalışmalar ışığında ekonomik özgürlüğün yüksek olduğu ülkelerin uluslararası ticarette daha rekabetçi olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada konuyla ilgili teorik tartışmalar açıklanmış ve ampirik olarak geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla OECD bünyesindeki ülkelerin 1995-2015 dönemine ait ekonomik verileri kullanılmıştır. OECD’yi oluşturan ülkelerin farklı ekonomik özgürlük ve gelişmişlik seviyesine sahip olmasından kaynaklı OECD ülkeleri yüksek ve düşük puanlı ülke grupları adı altında iki sınıfa ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada Heritage Vakfının hazırladığı Ekonomik Özgürlükler Endeksi ile WDI, OECDSTAT ve UNCTAD’ın yayınladığı Cari Denge/GSYİH, Dış Ticaret Hacmi/GSYİH ve ülkeye giren Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar/GSYİH verileri arasında ikinci kuşak panel birim kök ve eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Yüksek ekonomik özgürlük puanına sahip ülkelerde ekonomik özgürlüklerin Cari Denge/GSYİH ve Dış Ticaret Hacmi/GSYİH oranları ile arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmişken, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar/GSYİH oranı ile eşbütünleşme ilişkisi ortaya konulamamıştır. Ancak düşük puanlı ülkeler için ekonomik özgürlüklerin her üç değişkenle eşbütünleşik bir ilişki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar,Ekonomik Özgürlükler,Eşbütünleşme,Panel Birim Kök,Rekabet Gücü

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE COUNTRY IN TRADE: IMPLEMENTATION IN OECD COUNTRIES

Abstract

In the economics literature,  foreign trade is considered to have a positive impact on the country and indirectly to the World welfare. While multinational companies are trying to discover countries that have the most valuable production factors, so does countries are trying to attract foreign direct investment to their countries. There are various factors that affect the competitiveness of the countries in foreign trade. The economic freedoms mostly implies the ease of doing business abroad are seen as a important variable. In the light of theoretical studies, countries with high economic freedom are expected to have a competitive advantage in international trade. In this study, theoretical discussions on the subject were explained and empirically validated. For this purpose, economic data from the countries within OECD for the period 1995-2015 were used. Based on the level of economic freedom and development, OECD countries are divided into two categories as high and low scores countries. In this study, second-generation panel unit root and cointegration tests were used between the economic freedoms index prepared by the Heritage Foundation and the Current Balance/GDP, Foreign Trade Volume/GDP and Foreign Direct Investments/GDP data published by WDI, OECDSTAT and UNCTAD. As for countries with high scores,  there was a correlation between the economic freedom and Current Balance/GDP and Foreign Trade Volume/GDP, while there was not any correlation with the ratio of Foreign Direct Investment/GDP. However, for countries with relatively low scores, economic freedom have been found to have an integrated relationship with all three variables.

Keywords

• Foreign Direct Investment,Economic Freedom,Cointegration,Panel Unit Root,Competitive Advantage

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