GEÇİŞ ÜLKELERİNDE KAYIT DIŞI EKONOMİ VE KARAPARA KAVRAM İNCELEMESİ

Yıl 2022, Geçiş Ekonomilerinin 30. Yılı Özel Sayısı, 60 - 81, 31.12.2022

Abdulkadir Bilen , Havva Börekci Şahan

Öz

Kayıt dışı ekonomi, günümüz ekonomilerinin en önemli sorunlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve dünya ülkelerinin tamamında farklı nitelik ve boyutlarda kendini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda; kayıt dışı ekonominin ortaya çıkış nedenlerinin tespit edilmesi, ülkelerin kayıt dışı ekonomi ile mücadelesinde doğru politikalar üretebilmeleri açısından önem teşkil etmektedir. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren çeşitli akademik çalışmalara konu olan kayıt dışı ekonomi kavramı günden güne önemini arttırmıştır. Kayıt dışı ekonominin sorunsal alanlarının başında gelmekte olan karapara ile mücadele hususunda kayıt dışı ekonomi ile mücadelede gereklilik arz etmektedir. Kayıtlı ekonominin kanayan yarası olarak literatürdeki yerini alan kayıt dışı ekonomi ve karapara ile mücadele üzerinde ülkelerin politikalar geliştirebilmesi için bu iki olgunun boyutunun tahmin edilmesi gerekmektedir. Nitekim ülke bazında kayıt dışı ekonominin ve karaparanın boyutunun doğru olarak ölçülebilmesi için, o ülkeye ait ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal yapının belirlenmesi ve buna uygun yöntemlerin saptanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılması sonucu ortaya çıkan geçiş ekonomilerinde kayıt dışı ekonomi ve karapara kavramlarının incelemesinin yanında kayıt dışı ekonomi ve karaparanın ekonomi içerisindeki boyutları üzerine literatür taraması yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kayıt Dışı Ekonomi, Karapara, Geçiş Ekonomileri, Kayıt Dışı Ekonomi ve Karapara Boyutu, Shadow Economy, Black Money, Transition Economies, Size of the Shadow Economy and Black Money

THE EXAMINATION OF THE CONCEPTS “SHADOW ECONOMY” AND “BLACK MONEY” IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES

Öz

Shadow economy emerges as one of the most important problems of today's economies and manifests itself in different qualities and dimensions in all countries in the world. In this respect; determining the reasons for the emergence of the shadow economy is important in terms of producing the right policies in the fight against the shadow economy. The concept of shadow economy, which has been the subject of various academic studies since the 1970s, has increased its importance day by day. The fight against black money, one of the problematic areas of the shadow economy, is also necessary in the fight against the shadow economy. The size of these two phenomena should be estimated in order for countries to develop policies on fight against the shadow economy and black money, which has taken its place in the literature as the bleeding wound of the formal economy. As a matter of the fact that, in order to accurately measure the size of the shadow economy and black money on a country basis, it is necessary to determine the economic, social and political structure of that country and to determine appropriate methods. In this study, besides the examination of the concepts of shadow economy and black money in the transition economies that emerged as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, a literature review has been made on the magnitude of shadow economy and black money in the economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shadow Economy, Black Money, Transition Economies, Size of the Shadow Economy and Black Money

Kaynakça

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