Research Article
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Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 146 - 153, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.517973

Abstract

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of online learning information system to improve undergraduates’ critical thinking skills in learning macroeconomics through two instruments, test and questionnaire. Quantitative method was applied in this research. The research was conducted in the State Islamic Institute of Salatiga and Sebelas Maret University involving 120 undergraduates. There is a difference in the mean post-test score of the control and experimental class. Besides, N-Gain shows that there is learning outcome improvement in experimental class, taught by using online learning information system, of both the State Islamic Institute of Salatiga and Sebelas Maret University. This research finding is supported by the result of the questionnaire on the critical thinking skills and the effectiveness of online learning media. It is found that there is significant and strong correlation between information system media and and critical thinking skills. Based on the research findings, online information system media is effective to improve undergraduates’ learning outcome and critical thinking skills in learning macroeconomics.

References

  • Ahrari, S., Samah, B. A., Hassan, Md. S. Hj. Bin., Wahat, N. W. A., dan Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2016). Deepening critical thinking skills through civic engagement in Malaysian higher education. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2016.09.009. Akyüz, H. İ., & Samsa, S. (2009). The effects of blended learning environment on the critical thinking skills of students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1744-1748. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.308. Arsyad, Azhar. (2007). Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Alotaibi, K. N. (2013). The effects of blended learning on developing critical thinking skills. Education Journal, 2(4), 176-185. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20130204.21. Bensley, D. A. (1997). Critical thinking in psychology: A unified skills approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Chan, C. K. K. (2012). Co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: A discussion. Metacognition and Learning, 7(1), 63–73. doi: 10.1007/s11409-012-9086-z. Collis, B. & Van der Wende, M. (2002). Models of technology and change in higher education: An international comparative survey on the current and future uses of ICT in higher education. Enschede: CHEPS University of Twente. Davis,D., Chen,G., Hauff,C. & Hoube, G.J. (2018). Activating Learning at Scale. A Review of Innovations in Online Learning Strategies. Computers & Education, 125, 327–44. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.019. Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004. Frydenberg, M and Andone, D. (2016). Creating micro-videos to demonstrate technology learning and digital literacy. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 13 (4), 261-273. doi: 10.1108/ITSE-09-2016-0030. Fang, L., Chow, S. H., & Soo, W. M. (2012). Framework for evaluating blended learning in a university public-speaking course in Singapore. In Blended Learning Environments for Adults: Evaluations and Frameworks (pp. 176-201). IGI Global. Florea, N. N., dan Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical thinking in elementary school children. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 565 – 572. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.161. Fox, H. (1994). Listening to the world: Cultural issues in academic writing. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Hake, R. R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. American Journal of Physics. doi: 10.1119/1.18809. Heidi, Yeen-Ju Tan, Mai Neo. (2015). Exploring the use of authentic learning strategies in designing blended learning environments: A Malaysian experience. Journal of Science & Technology Policy Management. (6)2. 127-142. doi: 10.1108/JSTPM-01-2015-0004. Jou, M., Lin, Y. T., & Wu, D. W. (2016).Effect of a blended learning environment on student critical thinking and knowledge transformation. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(6), 1131-1147. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.961485. Kazu, I. Y., & Demirkol, M. (2014).Effect of blended learning environment model on high school students' academic achievement. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 13(1), 78-87. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1018177. Kerdprasop, N. & Kerdprasop, K. (2008). Knowledge mining in web-based learning environments. International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), pp. 80-84. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0a6c/ced2fcd2fd1f779cb97c986cebc7fe84e34d.pdf. Korkmaz, O., & Karakus, U. (2009).The impact of blended learning model on student attitudes towards geography course and their critical thinking dispositions and levels. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 8(4), 51-63. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ859497. Marton, F., Hounsell, D., & Entwistle, N. (1997). The experience of learning: Implications fo teaching and studying in higher education. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. Mccutcheon, K., Halloran,P.O. & Lohan,M. (2018). Online Learning versus blended learning of clinical supervisee skills with pre-registration nursing students : A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 82(January 2017): 30–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.02.005. Morris, N. P. (2010). Blended learning approaches enhance student academic performance. In Proceedings of Enhancing Learning Experiences in Higher Education: International Conference. Hong Kong University. Retrieved from https://www.cetl.hku.hk/conference2010/pdf/Morris.pdf. Munir.( 2008 ). Kurikulum Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Nabila, R. (2018). Hasil Nilai Uji Kompetensi Kelas H dan Kelas I. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga. Nabila, R. (2018). Hasil Pengamatan dan Analisis Angket Studi Pendahuluan. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga. Panigrahi, R., Srivastava,P.R. & Sharma,D. (2018). International journal of information management online learning : Adoption , continuance , and learning outcome — A review of literature. International Journal of Information Management 43, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005. Petchtone, P., & Sumalee, C. (2014).The validation of web-based learning environment model to enhance cognitive skills and critical thinking for undergraduate students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 669-673. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.277. Poon, W. C., Lock-Teng Low, K., & Gun-Fie Yong, D. (2004). A study of Web-based learning (WBL) environment in Malaysia. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(6). doi: 374-385. 10.1108/09513540410554031. Ramsden, P. (1992). Learning to teach in higher education. London: Kogan Page. Saadé, R. G., Morin, D., & Thomas, J. D. (2012).Critical thinking in E-learning environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1608-1617. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.025. Swart, R. (2017). Critical thinking instruction and technology enhanced learning from the student perspective: A mixed methods research study. Nurse education in practice, 23, 30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2017.02.003. Salleh, S. M., Tasir, Z., & Shukor, N. A. (2012).Web-based simulation learning framework to enhance students’ critical thinking skills. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 64, 372-381. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.044. Singh, H., & Reed, C. (2001). A white paper: Achieving success with blended learning. Centra software, 1, 1-11.doi: 10.1.1.114.821. Stupple, E. J., Maratos, F. A., Elander, J., Hunt, T. E., Cheung, K. Y., & Aubeeluck, A. V. (2017). Development of the Critical Thinking Toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 23, 91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2016.11.007. Sutopo, Ariesto Hadi. (2003). Multimedia Interaktif Dengan Flash. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Tania, K.D., & Ibrahim, A. (1). (2011). Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk anak-anak berbasis Multimedia: Prosiding KNTIA Konferensi Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Aplikasinya, Palembang, 21-22 Oktober 2011. Palembang, Indonesia: Jurusan Sistem Informasi Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Sriwijaya. Tsai, Chia-wen. 2014. Exploring the Effects of Online Team- Based Learning and Co-Regulated Learning on Students ’ Development of Computing Skills. Interactive Learning Environments 24 (4). doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.917106. Tsai, Ya-hsun, Chien-hung Lin, Jon-chao Hong, and Kai-hsin Tai. (2018). Computers & Education The e Ff Ects of Metacognition on Online Learning Interest and Continuance to Learn with MOOCs. Computers & Education 121, 18–29. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.011. Van der Wal, A. (2000). Critical thinking as a core skill: Issues and discussion paper. Paper presented at the HERDSA Annual International Conference, Melbourne, Australia. Wang, Minhong et al. (2017). The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment. The Internet and Higher Education 34, 28–40. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.04.003. Wannapiroon, P. (2014). Development of research-based blended learning model to enhance graduate students’ research competency and critical thinking skills. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 136, 486-490. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.361. Wardani, D.K. (2018). Hasil Nilai Uji Kompetensi Kelas A dan Kelas B. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Wardani, D.K. (2018). Hasil Pengamatan dan Analisis Angket Studi Pendahuluan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Zawilinski, L. (2009). HOT blogging: A framework for blogging to promote higher order thinking. The Reading Teacher, 62 (8), 650 – 661. doi: 10.1598/RT.62.8.3. Zhang, L. (2006). Effectively incorporating instructional media into website based information literacy. The Electronic Library, 24(3), 294 – 306. doi: 10.1108/0264047061.
Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 146 - 153, 01.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.517973

Abstract

References

  • Ahrari, S., Samah, B. A., Hassan, Md. S. Hj. Bin., Wahat, N. W. A., dan Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2016). Deepening critical thinking skills through civic engagement in Malaysian higher education. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 22, 121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2016.09.009. Akyüz, H. İ., & Samsa, S. (2009). The effects of blended learning environment on the critical thinking skills of students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1744-1748. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.308. Arsyad, Azhar. (2007). Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Alotaibi, K. N. (2013). The effects of blended learning on developing critical thinking skills. Education Journal, 2(4), 176-185. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20130204.21. Bensley, D. A. (1997). Critical thinking in psychology: A unified skills approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Chan, C. K. K. (2012). Co-regulation of learning in computer-supported collaborative learning environments: A discussion. Metacognition and Learning, 7(1), 63–73. doi: 10.1007/s11409-012-9086-z. Collis, B. & Van der Wende, M. (2002). Models of technology and change in higher education: An international comparative survey on the current and future uses of ICT in higher education. Enschede: CHEPS University of Twente. Davis,D., Chen,G., Hauff,C. & Hoube, G.J. (2018). Activating Learning at Scale. A Review of Innovations in Online Learning Strategies. Computers & Education, 125, 327–44. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.019. Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., & Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2013.12.004. Frydenberg, M and Andone, D. (2016). Creating micro-videos to demonstrate technology learning and digital literacy. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 13 (4), 261-273. doi: 10.1108/ITSE-09-2016-0030. Fang, L., Chow, S. H., & Soo, W. M. (2012). Framework for evaluating blended learning in a university public-speaking course in Singapore. In Blended Learning Environments for Adults: Evaluations and Frameworks (pp. 176-201). IGI Global. Florea, N. N., dan Hurjui, E. (2015). Critical thinking in elementary school children. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 565 – 572. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.161. Fox, H. (1994). Listening to the world: Cultural issues in academic writing. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. Hake, R. R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. American Journal of Physics. doi: 10.1119/1.18809. Heidi, Yeen-Ju Tan, Mai Neo. (2015). Exploring the use of authentic learning strategies in designing blended learning environments: A Malaysian experience. Journal of Science & Technology Policy Management. (6)2. 127-142. doi: 10.1108/JSTPM-01-2015-0004. Jou, M., Lin, Y. T., & Wu, D. W. (2016).Effect of a blended learning environment on student critical thinking and knowledge transformation. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(6), 1131-1147. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.961485. Kazu, I. Y., & Demirkol, M. (2014).Effect of blended learning environment model on high school students' academic achievement. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 13(1), 78-87. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1018177. Kerdprasop, N. & Kerdprasop, K. (2008). Knowledge mining in web-based learning environments. International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), pp. 80-84. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0a6c/ced2fcd2fd1f779cb97c986cebc7fe84e34d.pdf. Korkmaz, O., & Karakus, U. (2009).The impact of blended learning model on student attitudes towards geography course and their critical thinking dispositions and levels. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 8(4), 51-63. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ859497. Marton, F., Hounsell, D., & Entwistle, N. (1997). The experience of learning: Implications fo teaching and studying in higher education. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. Mccutcheon, K., Halloran,P.O. & Lohan,M. (2018). Online Learning versus blended learning of clinical supervisee skills with pre-registration nursing students : A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 82(January 2017): 30–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.02.005. Morris, N. P. (2010). Blended learning approaches enhance student academic performance. In Proceedings of Enhancing Learning Experiences in Higher Education: International Conference. Hong Kong University. Retrieved from https://www.cetl.hku.hk/conference2010/pdf/Morris.pdf. Munir.( 2008 ). Kurikulum Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Bandung: Alfabeta. Nabila, R. (2018). Hasil Nilai Uji Kompetensi Kelas H dan Kelas I. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga. Nabila, R. (2018). Hasil Pengamatan dan Analisis Angket Studi Pendahuluan. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga. Panigrahi, R., Srivastava,P.R. & Sharma,D. (2018). International journal of information management online learning : Adoption , continuance , and learning outcome — A review of literature. International Journal of Information Management 43, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005. Petchtone, P., & Sumalee, C. (2014).The validation of web-based learning environment model to enhance cognitive skills and critical thinking for undergraduate students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 669-673. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.277. Poon, W. C., Lock-Teng Low, K., & Gun-Fie Yong, D. (2004). A study of Web-based learning (WBL) environment in Malaysia. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(6). doi: 374-385. 10.1108/09513540410554031. Ramsden, P. (1992). Learning to teach in higher education. London: Kogan Page. Saadé, R. G., Morin, D., & Thomas, J. D. (2012).Critical thinking in E-learning environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1608-1617. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.025. Swart, R. (2017). Critical thinking instruction and technology enhanced learning from the student perspective: A mixed methods research study. Nurse education in practice, 23, 30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2017.02.003. Salleh, S. M., Tasir, Z., & Shukor, N. A. (2012).Web-based simulation learning framework to enhance students’ critical thinking skills. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 64, 372-381. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.044. Singh, H., & Reed, C. (2001). A white paper: Achieving success with blended learning. Centra software, 1, 1-11.doi: 10.1.1.114.821. Stupple, E. J., Maratos, F. A., Elander, J., Hunt, T. E., Cheung, K. Y., & Aubeeluck, A. V. (2017). Development of the Critical Thinking Toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 23, 91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2016.11.007. Sutopo, Ariesto Hadi. (2003). Multimedia Interaktif Dengan Flash. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. Tania, K.D., & Ibrahim, A. (1). (2011). Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk anak-anak berbasis Multimedia: Prosiding KNTIA Konferensi Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Aplikasinya, Palembang, 21-22 Oktober 2011. Palembang, Indonesia: Jurusan Sistem Informasi Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Sriwijaya. Tsai, Chia-wen. 2014. Exploring the Effects of Online Team- Based Learning and Co-Regulated Learning on Students ’ Development of Computing Skills. Interactive Learning Environments 24 (4). doi: 10.1080/10494820.2014.917106. Tsai, Ya-hsun, Chien-hung Lin, Jon-chao Hong, and Kai-hsin Tai. (2018). Computers & Education The e Ff Ects of Metacognition on Online Learning Interest and Continuance to Learn with MOOCs. Computers & Education 121, 18–29. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.02.011. Van der Wal, A. (2000). Critical thinking as a core skill: Issues and discussion paper. Paper presented at the HERDSA Annual International Conference, Melbourne, Australia. Wang, Minhong et al. (2017). The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment. The Internet and Higher Education 34, 28–40. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.04.003. Wannapiroon, P. (2014). Development of research-based blended learning model to enhance graduate students’ research competency and critical thinking skills. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 136, 486-490. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.361. Wardani, D.K. (2018). Hasil Nilai Uji Kompetensi Kelas A dan Kelas B. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Wardani, D.K. (2018). Hasil Pengamatan dan Analisis Angket Studi Pendahuluan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Zawilinski, L. (2009). HOT blogging: A framework for blogging to promote higher order thinking. The Reading Teacher, 62 (8), 650 – 661. doi: 10.1598/RT.62.8.3. Zhang, L. (2006). Effectively incorporating instructional media into website based information literacy. The Electronic Library, 24(3), 294 – 306. doi: 10.1108/0264047061.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dewi Kusuma Wardani This is me

Trisno Martono This is me

Laurensia Claudia Pratomo This is me

Duta Sabiila Rusydi This is me

Dwi Hendra Kusuma This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Wardani, D. K., Martono, T., Pratomo, L. C., Rusydi, D. S., et al. (2019). Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 4(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.517973
AMA Wardani DK, Martono T, Pratomo LC, Rusydi DS, Kusuma DH. Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century. IJERE. April 2019;4(2):146-153. doi:10.24331/ijere.517973
Chicago Wardani, Dewi Kusuma, Trisno Martono, Laurensia Claudia Pratomo, Duta Sabiila Rusydi, and Dwi Hendra Kusuma. “Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 4, no. 2 (April 2019): 146-53. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.517973.
EndNote Wardani DK, Martono T, Pratomo LC, Rusydi DS, Kusuma DH (April 1, 2019) Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century. International Journal of Educational Research Review 4 2 146–153.
IEEE D. K. Wardani, T. Martono, L. C. Pratomo, D. S. Rusydi, and D. H. Kusuma, “Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century”, IJERE, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 146–153, 2019, doi: 10.24331/ijere.517973.
ISNAD Wardani, Dewi Kusuma et al. “Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century”. International Journal of Educational Research Review 4/2 (April 2019), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.517973.
JAMA Wardani DK, Martono T, Pratomo LC, Rusydi DS, Kusuma DH. Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century. IJERE. 2019;4:146–153.
MLA Wardani, Dewi Kusuma et al. “Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century”. International Journal of Educational Research Review, vol. 4, no. 2, 2019, pp. 146-53, doi:10.24331/ijere.517973.
Vancouver Wardani DK, Martono T, Pratomo LC, Rusydi DS, Kusuma DH. Online Learning in Higher Education to Encourage Critical Thinking Skills in the 21st Century. IJERE. 2019;4(2):146-53.

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