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Development of Disaster Management in Turkey: from 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake to 2011 Van Earthquake

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 145 - 151, 31.12.2017

Abstract

The natural
disasters that have occurred in Turkey are categorized as % 61 earthquakes,
followed by landslides, floods, rock falls, fires and storms. Between the years
of 1903 and 2000, there have been nearly 150 earthquakes in Turkey which led to
damage and this is a challenge for Turkey. The management and plans of these
natural disasters in Turkey were first developed in 1959. In 1999, with the
magnitude of 7.4, The Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes affected a region of Turkey
that constitutes % 23 of the country’s population. After that, in 2000 necessary
laws have been prepared and enacted. On 23 October 2011, an earthquake shook
eastern Turkey (Van Province) with a magnitude of 7.2 and same results have
been seen for this disaster too. After this, the existing laws regarding
disaster management and hierarchy of delegation of authority were updated. This
paper examines organizational coordination in the response phase of both
earthquakes. A literature research on case study earthquakes were done in the
meaning of disaster management perspective and after that a comparison was done
to discover technological or systematic usage necessities in disaster
management phases. This comparison allows providing some insight about the
results of changes in the organizational structure of Turkish disaster
management system for providing a new technology or system for coordination.
This study also provides original research evidences for scientists to motivate
them focusing on lessons learned case studies to improve the current system and
to show each small effort can come through with a better disaster response
ability for Turkey.

References

  • [1] IFRC (2017). “What is a disaster?", International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Retrieved: 21 June 2017. www.ifrc.org.
  • [2] Aksu A. E., Calon T. J., Hiscott R. N., Yaşar D., (2000). “Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, Western Turkey: Extensional Basins Above a Continental Transform”, The Journal of Geological Society of London.
  • [3] Ural, D. N., (2001). “The 1999 Kocaeli And Duzce Earthquakes: Lessons Learned and Possible Remedies to Minimize Future Losses”, Proceedings of Workshop on Seismic Fault-induced Failures, pp.27–32.
  • [4] Celik, S., (2011). “Inter-Organizational Coordination: Analysis of 2011 Van Earthquake”, Disaster Resiliency: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, pp.1–30.
  • [5] Marza, V. I., (2004). “On the death toll of the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) major earthquake”, ESC General Assembly Papers, pp.6–9.
  • [6] Barka, A., (1999). “The 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake”, Journal of Science, 285, 1858–1859.
  • [7] Reconnaissance Team Event Reports, (2000). “Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake”, Risk Management Solutions, http://forms2.rms.com/rs/729-DJX-565/images/eq_kocaeli_Turkey_
  • [8] Scawthorn, C., Eidinger, J. M. and Schiff, A. J. Edited by Scawthorn, C., Eidinger, J. M. and Schiff, A. J. (2005). “Fire Following Earthquake”, ASCE publications, USA.
  • [9] Report, F. (2013). “Revised Emergency Appeal Report Turkey : Van Earthquake Final”, (October 2011).
  • [10] Erdik, M., (2000), “Turkish Earthquakes: Response, Lessons Learned, New Procedures and Mechanisms”, pp. 111–124.
  • [11] CEDIM, (2011). “Comparing the current impact of the Van Earthquake to past earthquakes in Eastern Turkey”, CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group Report.
  • [12] Güney, D., (2012). “Van earthquakes (23 October 2011 and 9 November 2011) and performance of masonry and adobe structures”, Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 12(11), 3337–3342. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3337-2012.
  • [13] Ergünay, O., (2008). “Afet Yönetiminde Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Mevzuat Nedir? Nasıl Olmalıdır?”, İstanbul Depremini Beklerken Sorunlar ve Çözümler Bildiriler Kitabı, pp. 97-108, İstanbul.
  • [14] Turan, M., (2012). “Lessons Learnt From Van and Erciş Earthquakes 2011, Turkey: An Evaluation of Disaster Management”, 3(22), pp.42–52.
  • [15] IFRC, (2011). “Emergency appeal operation update Turkey : Van Earthquake”, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Report 2011a, pp.1–8.
  • [16] IFRC, (2011). “The October 23, 2011 Van, Turkey Earthquake (Mw=7.2) and The November 09, 2011 Edremit-Van, Turkey Earthquake (ML=5.6)”, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Report, 2011b, pp.1–8.
  • [17] Greenpeace n.d., (2014). “Situation Report No. 18. Turkey Van Earthquake on 2011”, viewed 28 January 2014, from http://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/van-earthquake-situation-report-no-18.
  • [18] Peynircioglu, N., (2003). ”Disaster Management Policies in Turkey”, The Disaster Management Model in Turkey, In The Role of Local Governments in Reducing the Risk of Disasters. Istanbul.
  • [19] Chatfield, A, Wamba, SF and Hirokazu, T, (2010). “E-Government challenge in disaster evacuation response : the role of RFID technology in building safe and secure local communities”, 43 Hawaii International Conferences on System Sciences (HICSS),Electronic Government, Emerging Topics, Koloa, Kauai, Hawaii.
Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 145 - 151, 31.12.2017

Abstract

References

  • [1] IFRC (2017). “What is a disaster?", International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Retrieved: 21 June 2017. www.ifrc.org.
  • [2] Aksu A. E., Calon T. J., Hiscott R. N., Yaşar D., (2000). “Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, Western Turkey: Extensional Basins Above a Continental Transform”, The Journal of Geological Society of London.
  • [3] Ural, D. N., (2001). “The 1999 Kocaeli And Duzce Earthquakes: Lessons Learned and Possible Remedies to Minimize Future Losses”, Proceedings of Workshop on Seismic Fault-induced Failures, pp.27–32.
  • [4] Celik, S., (2011). “Inter-Organizational Coordination: Analysis of 2011 Van Earthquake”, Disaster Resiliency: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, pp.1–30.
  • [5] Marza, V. I., (2004). “On the death toll of the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) major earthquake”, ESC General Assembly Papers, pp.6–9.
  • [6] Barka, A., (1999). “The 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake”, Journal of Science, 285, 1858–1859.
  • [7] Reconnaissance Team Event Reports, (2000). “Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake”, Risk Management Solutions, http://forms2.rms.com/rs/729-DJX-565/images/eq_kocaeli_Turkey_
  • [8] Scawthorn, C., Eidinger, J. M. and Schiff, A. J. Edited by Scawthorn, C., Eidinger, J. M. and Schiff, A. J. (2005). “Fire Following Earthquake”, ASCE publications, USA.
  • [9] Report, F. (2013). “Revised Emergency Appeal Report Turkey : Van Earthquake Final”, (October 2011).
  • [10] Erdik, M., (2000), “Turkish Earthquakes: Response, Lessons Learned, New Procedures and Mechanisms”, pp. 111–124.
  • [11] CEDIM, (2011). “Comparing the current impact of the Van Earthquake to past earthquakes in Eastern Turkey”, CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group Report.
  • [12] Güney, D., (2012). “Van earthquakes (23 October 2011 and 9 November 2011) and performance of masonry and adobe structures”, Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 12(11), 3337–3342. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-3337-2012.
  • [13] Ergünay, O., (2008). “Afet Yönetiminde Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Mevzuat Nedir? Nasıl Olmalıdır?”, İstanbul Depremini Beklerken Sorunlar ve Çözümler Bildiriler Kitabı, pp. 97-108, İstanbul.
  • [14] Turan, M., (2012). “Lessons Learnt From Van and Erciş Earthquakes 2011, Turkey: An Evaluation of Disaster Management”, 3(22), pp.42–52.
  • [15] IFRC, (2011). “Emergency appeal operation update Turkey : Van Earthquake”, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Report 2011a, pp.1–8.
  • [16] IFRC, (2011). “The October 23, 2011 Van, Turkey Earthquake (Mw=7.2) and The November 09, 2011 Edremit-Van, Turkey Earthquake (ML=5.6)”, The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Report, 2011b, pp.1–8.
  • [17] Greenpeace n.d., (2014). “Situation Report No. 18. Turkey Van Earthquake on 2011”, viewed 28 January 2014, from http://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/van-earthquake-situation-report-no-18.
  • [18] Peynircioglu, N., (2003). ”Disaster Management Policies in Turkey”, The Disaster Management Model in Turkey, In The Role of Local Governments in Reducing the Risk of Disasters. Istanbul.
  • [19] Chatfield, A, Wamba, SF and Hirokazu, T, (2010). “E-Government challenge in disaster evacuation response : the role of RFID technology in building safe and secure local communities”, 43 Hawaii International Conferences on System Sciences (HICSS),Electronic Government, Emerging Topics, Koloa, Kauai, Hawaii.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kağan Cenk Mızrak

Mert Tolon This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 4

Cite

IEEE K. C. Mızrak and M. Tolon, “Development of Disaster Management in Turkey: from 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake to 2011 Van Earthquake”, IJESA, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 145–151, 2017.

ISSN 2548-1185
e-ISSN 2587-2176
Period: Quarterly
Founded: 2016
Publisher: Nisantasi University
e-mail:ilhcol@gmail.com