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A Suggested Course Syllabus for Teaching English in Early Childhood

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 187 - 207, 10.09.2025

Abstract

Teaching English in Early Childhood (TEEC) requires a variety of materials, in-class activities, skills and experience to prepare and utilize in the classroom. To design appropriate materials, in-class activities, and apply them collaboratively in the classroom, EFL teachers are required to receive necessary training in their teacher education programmes. This study aims to develop a course syllabus for pre- and in-service EFL teachers for TEEC settings. First, with the purpose of identifying the frequent topics in the content of (Teaching English to Young Learners) TEYLs and TEEC courses of state universities in Türkiye, books, published articles, and observations of online courses providing the relevant content, a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was applied to reach the targeted data. The document analysis was employed via MS Excel. Secondly, using the qualitative data collected, a survey was prepared to gather opinions of EFL teachers having experience regarding teaching English in early childhood. The results obtained from the survey were analyzed employing SPSS Statistics Version 27. The data exhibit EFL teachers need more up-to-date topics, and opportunities to apply theory in real classroom. At the end of the study, the course syllabus was designed and offered based on the EFL teachers’ needs.

Ethical Statement

Ethical standards were rigorously followed. It has received ethical approval from the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Graduate Studies Ethics Committee (Approval No. E-84026528-050.99-2400175311).

Supporting Institution

The authors did not receive any funding for this article from any institution.

Thanks

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to ÇOMÜ ÇABAÇAM and ÇOMÜ Kindergarten English teachers since they sincerely contributed to this study as participants.

References

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  • Atak Damar, E., Gürsoy, E., & Çelik Korkmaz, Ş. (2013). Teaching English to young learners: Through the eyes of EFL teacher trainers. ELT Research Journal, 2(3), 95–110.
  • Ataş, U., & Balıkçı, G. (2021). Linking theory and practice in an ELT program: An evaluation of materials, testing and practicum courses. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 9(17), 211–226.
  • Bayyurt, Y., Kurt, Y., Öztekin, E., Guerra, L., Cavalheiro, L., & Pereira, R. (2019). English language teachers’ awareness of English as a lingua franca in multilingual and multicultural contexts. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.599230
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  • Butler, Y. G. (2019). Assessment of young English learners in instructional settings. In X. Gao (Ed.), Second handbook of English language teaching (pp. 477–496). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02899-2_24
  • Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cesur, K. (2012). Examining competencies of prospective English teachers through their pedagogical content knowledge: A case study (PhD thesis, Gazi University). Ankara.
  • Cesur, K., & Bulanık, F. (2020). EFL teachers’ most preferred topics for the syllabus of the course “Teaching English to young learners”. International Journal of Educational Spectrum, 2(1), 25–37.
  • Clarke, P. (2009). Supporting children learning English as a second language in the early years (birth to six years). VCAA.
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  • Dinçay, T. (2010). Designing a learner-centered ESP course for adults based on evidence from a questionnaire and incorporating the learner’s aims into a situational-based syllabus. Dil Dergisi, 150, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1501/dilder_0000000135
  • Djigunovic, J. M., & Krevelj, S. L. (2022). From preprimary to primary learning of English as a foreign language: Coherence and continuity issues. In M. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of early language education (pp. 613–639). Springer.
  • Doan, T. V., & Quyen, B. T. T. (2022). Difficulties encountered by teachers in using storytelling to teach very young learners. HCMCOUJS-Social Sciences, 13(1), 106–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.soci.en.13.1.2287.2023
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  • Imaniah, I., & Tan, N. (2017). Teaching English for young learners. FKIP UMT PRESS.
  • Intarapanich, C. (2013). Teaching methods, approaches and strategies found in EFL classrooms: A case study in Lao PDR. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 88, 306–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.510
  • Jingga, J. (2022). Teaching English language in early childhood. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.52622/joal.v2i2.78
  • Krashen, S., & Terrell, T. D. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford Peganon.
  • Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the lexical approach: Putting theory into practice. Language Teaching Publications.
  • Liao, X. Q. (2020). How communicative language teaching became acceptable in secondary schools in China [Conference presentation full paper]. The Asian Conference on Education ACE 2020: Surviving & Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Tokyo, Japan. https://www.aijcr.org/_files/ugd/c51627_bd738f10144146449ab4e8c0a2e2f803.pdf
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  • Mahdi, R. N., Ehsan, A., & Javad, Z. (2013). A critical review of recent trends in second language syllabus design and curriculum development. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(2), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2012.152
  • Mahn, H. (1999). Vygotsky’s methodological contribution to sociocultural theory. Remedial and Special Education, 20(6), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000607
  • Meyer, D. Z., & Avery, L. M. (2009). Excel as a qualitative data analysis tool. Field Methods, 21(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X08323985
  • Ministry of National Education. (2012). Çocuklar için İngilizce erken dil öğretimi kurs programı. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
  • Mohan, B. A. (1986). Language and content. Addison-Wesley Publishing.
  • Munby, J. (1978). Communicative syllabus design. Cambridge University Press.
  • Murphy, R. S. (2018). The concept of syllabus design and curriculum development. In Faravani et al. (Eds.), Issues in syllabus design (Vol. 6, pp. 1–23). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789463511889_001
  • Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus design. Oxford University Press.
  • Nunan, D. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
  • O’Grady, W. (2005). How children learn language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2004). Enhancing the interpretation of significant findings: The role of mixed methods research. The Qualitative Report, 9(4), 770–792.
  • Ozdem-Yılmaz, Y., & Bilican, K. (2020). Discovery learning—Jerome Bruner. In B. Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory (pp. 177–190). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9
  • Önal, A. (2025). A modernization proposal for English language teacher training programs in Türkiye. Психолого-педагогічні науки, 1, 236–242. https://doi.org/10.31654/2663-4902-2025-РР-1-236-242
  • Önalan, O., & Gürsoy, E. (2020). EFL teachers’ views and needs on in-service training as a part of professional development: A case study in Turkish context. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(2), 373–387. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.713100
  • Öztürk, G., & Aydın, B. (2019). English language teacher education in Turkey: Why do we fail and what policy reforms are needed? Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 9(1), 181–213. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520842
  • Piaget, J. (1950). The psychology of intelligence. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Pinter, A. (2011). Children learning second languages. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Prošić-Santovac, D., & Savić, V. (2022). English as a foreign language in early language education. In M. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of early language education (pp. 449–473). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47073-9_13-1
  • Rabbini, R. (2020). An introduction to syllabus design and evaluation [Conference presentation full paper]. The Asian Conference on Education ACE 2020: Surviving & Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Tokyo, Japan. https://www.aijcr.org/_files/ugd/c51627_bd738f10144146449ab4e8c0a2e2f803.pdf
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  • Scott, W. A., & Ytreberg, L. H. (1990). Teaching English to children (N. Grant, Ed.). Longman.
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Erken Çocuklukta İngilizce Öğretimi İçin Bir Ders İçerik Önerisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 187 - 207, 10.09.2025

Abstract

Erken Çocuklukta Dil Öğretimi sınıfta hazırlamak ve kullanmak için çeşitli materyalleri, sınıf içi etkinlikleri, becerileri ve deneyimleri gerektirir. Uygun materyaller ve sınıf içi etkinlikler tasarlamak ve bunları sınıfta iş birliği içinde uygulamak için, İngilizce öğretmenlerinin öğretmen eğitimi programlarında gerekli eğitimi almaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Erken Çocuklukta Dil Öğretimi hizmet öncesi ve hizmet içi İngilizce öğretmenleri için bir ders müfredatı geliştirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. İlk olarak, sıkça geçen konuları belirlemek amacıyla Türkiye'deki devlet üniversitelerinin Çocuklara Yabancı Dil Öğretimi ve Erken Çocuklukta Dil Öğretimi derslerinin içeriği, ilgili içeriği sağlayan kitaplar, yayınlanmış makaleler ve çevrimiçi derslerin gözlemleri incelenmiş ve hedeflenen verilere ulaşmak için sıralı keşifsel karma yöntem tasarımı uygulanmıştır. Belge analizi MS Excel aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. İkinci olarak, toplanan nitel veriler kullanılarak, erken çocukluk döneminde İngilizce öğretimi konusunda deneyimli İngilizce öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini toplamak için bir anket hazırlanmıştır. Anketten elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS Statistics Version 27 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, İngilizce öğretmenlerinin daha güncel konulara ve teoriyi gerçek sınıf ortamında uygulama fırsatlarına ihtiyaç duyduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın sonunda, ders müfredatı, İngilizce öğretmenlerinin ihtiyaçlarına göre tasarlanmış ve sunulmuştur.

References

  • Ataberk, B., & Mirici, İ. H. (2022). An investigation of the 21st century skills in English language teaching (ELT) programs in Turkey. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 9(4), 1513–1544.
  • Atak Damar, E., Gürsoy, E., & Çelik Korkmaz, Ş. (2013). Teaching English to young learners: Through the eyes of EFL teacher trainers. ELT Research Journal, 2(3), 95–110.
  • Ataş, U., & Balıkçı, G. (2021). Linking theory and practice in an ELT program: An evaluation of materials, testing and practicum courses. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 9(17), 211–226.
  • Bayyurt, Y., Kurt, Y., Öztekin, E., Guerra, L., Cavalheiro, L., & Pereira, R. (2019). English language teachers’ awareness of English as a lingua franca in multilingual and multicultural contexts. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.599230
  • Bland, J. (2019). Teaching English to young learners: More teacher education and more children’s literature! Children’s Literature in English Language Education, 7(2), 79–103.
  • Breen, M. P. (2001). Syllabus design. In R. Carter & D. Nunan (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other languages (pp. 151–159). Cambridge University Press.
  • Brown, H. D. (2002). English language teaching in the ‘Post-Method’ era: Toward better diagnosis, treatment, and assessment. In J. Richards & W. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 9–18). Cambridge University Press.
  • Butler, Y. G. (2019). Assessment of young English learners in instructional settings. In X. Gao (Ed.), Second handbook of English language teaching (pp. 477–496). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02899-2_24
  • Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cesur, K. (2012). Examining competencies of prospective English teachers through their pedagogical content knowledge: A case study (PhD thesis, Gazi University). Ankara.
  • Cesur, K., & Bulanık, F. (2020). EFL teachers’ most preferred topics for the syllabus of the course “Teaching English to young learners”. International Journal of Educational Spectrum, 2(1), 25–37.
  • Clarke, P. (2009). Supporting children learning English as a second language in the early years (birth to six years). VCAA.
  • Council of Europe. (2018). Common European Framework of Reference: Companion volume with new descriptors. https://rm.coe.int/cefrcompanion-volume-with-new-descriptors-2018/1680787989
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluation quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
  • Dinçay, T. (2010). Designing a learner-centered ESP course for adults based on evidence from a questionnaire and incorporating the learner’s aims into a situational-based syllabus. Dil Dergisi, 150, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1501/dilder_0000000135
  • Djigunovic, J. M., & Krevelj, S. L. (2022). From preprimary to primary learning of English as a foreign language: Coherence and continuity issues. In M. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of early language education (pp. 613–639). Springer.
  • Doan, T. V., & Quyen, B. T. T. (2022). Difficulties encountered by teachers in using storytelling to teach very young learners. HCMCOUJS-Social Sciences, 13(1), 106–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/HCMCOUJS.soci.en.13.1.2287.2023
  • Ellis, R. (1993). The structural syllabus and second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586953
  • Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
  • Gimbert, B. G., Miller, D., Herman, E., Breedlove, M., & Molina, C. E. (2021). Social emotional learning in schools: The importance of educator competence. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 18(1), 3–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/19427751211014920
  • Gül, Y. E. (2023). A theoretical perspective on survey method from quantitative research methods. Universum, 4(106), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.32743/UniPsy.2023.106.4.15254
  • Hoff, E., & Shatz, M. (2007). Blackwell handbook of language development. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Imaniah, I., & Tan, N. (2017). Teaching English for young learners. FKIP UMT PRESS.
  • Intarapanich, C. (2013). Teaching methods, approaches and strategies found in EFL classrooms: A case study in Lao PDR. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 88, 306–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.510
  • Jingga, J. (2022). Teaching English language in early childhood. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.52622/joal.v2i2.78
  • Krashen, S., & Terrell, T. D. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford Peganon.
  • Lewis, M. (1997). Implementing the lexical approach: Putting theory into practice. Language Teaching Publications.
  • Liao, X. Q. (2020). How communicative language teaching became acceptable in secondary schools in China [Conference presentation full paper]. The Asian Conference on Education ACE 2020: Surviving & Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Tokyo, Japan. https://www.aijcr.org/_files/ugd/c51627_bd738f10144146449ab4e8c0a2e2f803.pdf
  • Long, M. H. (2009). Methodological principles for language teaching. In M. H. Long & C. J. Doughty (Eds.), The handbook of language teaching (pp. 373–394). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Mahdi, R. N., Ehsan, A., & Javad, Z. (2013). A critical review of recent trends in second language syllabus design and curriculum development. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(2), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2012.152
  • Mahn, H. (1999). Vygotsky’s methodological contribution to sociocultural theory. Remedial and Special Education, 20(6), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000607
  • Meyer, D. Z., & Avery, L. M. (2009). Excel as a qualitative data analysis tool. Field Methods, 21(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X08323985
  • Ministry of National Education. (2012). Çocuklar için İngilizce erken dil öğretimi kurs programı. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı.
  • Mohan, B. A. (1986). Language and content. Addison-Wesley Publishing.
  • Munby, J. (1978). Communicative syllabus design. Cambridge University Press.
  • Murphy, R. S. (2018). The concept of syllabus design and curriculum development. In Faravani et al. (Eds.), Issues in syllabus design (Vol. 6, pp. 1–23). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789463511889_001
  • Nunan, D. (1988). Syllabus design. Oxford University Press.
  • Nunan, D. (1989). Designing tasks for the communicative classroom. Cambridge University Press.
  • O’Grady, W. (2005). How children learn language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2004). Enhancing the interpretation of significant findings: The role of mixed methods research. The Qualitative Report, 9(4), 770–792.
  • Ozdem-Yılmaz, Y., & Bilican, K. (2020). Discovery learning—Jerome Bruner. In B. Akpan & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory (pp. 177–190). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9
  • Önal, A. (2025). A modernization proposal for English language teacher training programs in Türkiye. Психолого-педагогічні науки, 1, 236–242. https://doi.org/10.31654/2663-4902-2025-РР-1-236-242
  • Önalan, O., & Gürsoy, E. (2020). EFL teachers’ views and needs on in-service training as a part of professional development: A case study in Turkish context. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(2), 373–387. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.713100
  • Öztürk, G., & Aydın, B. (2019). English language teacher education in Turkey: Why do we fail and what policy reforms are needed? Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 9(1), 181–213. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.520842
  • Piaget, J. (1950). The psychology of intelligence. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Pinter, A. (2011). Children learning second languages. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Prošić-Santovac, D., & Savić, V. (2022). English as a foreign language in early language education. In M. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of early language education (pp. 449–473). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47073-9_13-1
  • Rabbini, R. (2020). An introduction to syllabus design and evaluation [Conference presentation full paper]. The Asian Conference on Education ACE 2020: Surviving & Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Tokyo, Japan. https://www.aijcr.org/_files/ugd/c51627_bd738f10144146449ab4e8c0a2e2f803.pdf
  • Reilly, T. (1988). Approaches to foreign language syllabus design. ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED295460
  • Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, P. (1998). State of the art: SLA theory and second language syllabus design. The Language Teacher, 22(4), 7–14.
  • Schwartz, M. (2022). Language-conducive strategies in early language education. In M. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of early language education (pp. 641–668). Springer.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Specialist Studies in Education (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özge Can Ceylan 0009-0005-5151-5543

Kürşat Cesur 0000-0001-5091-9793

Publication Date September 10, 2025
Submission Date July 27, 2025
Acceptance Date August 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ceylan, Ö. C., & Cesur, K. (2025). A Suggested Course Syllabus for Teaching English in Early Childhood. International Journal of Educational Spectrum, 7(2), 187-207. https://doi.org/10.47806/ijesacademic.1752188

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