Alt-6 5G Kablosuz Uygulamaları için Değiştirilmiş Apollonian Fraktalı Kullanan Bir MIMO Anten

Öz

Bu makalede, 5G Kablosuz iletişim için modifiye edilmiş bir Apollon fraktal şekli kullanılarak dört elemanlı çok girişli çok çıkışlı (MIMO) bir anten tasarlanmıştır. Önerilen MIMO anteni, en uygun konumlara yerleştirilmiş dört adet yayıcı Apollon fraktal elemanı ve alt katmanda kısmi bir toprak düzlemi içermektedir. Her bir ışıma elemanı, empedans uyumunu iyileştirmek için çeyrek dalga transformatörlü bir mikroşerit beslemeden oluşur. Apollonian fraktal şekilli MIMO anteni 3,3-3,8 GHz'de çalışır ve S11'in -10 dB'den az olduğu ve -20 dB'nin altında düşük karşılıklı bağlantının olduğu bir empedans bant genişliği elde eder. Ayrıca, Apollonian fraktal şekilli MIMO antenin performans parametreleri, zarf korelasyon katsayısı ve kanal kapasitesi gibi S-parametrelerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel ölçümler, zarf korelasyon katsayısının 0,05'ten düşük olduğunu, kanal kapasite kaybının ise 0,6'nın altında olduğunu ve simülasyon sonuçlarıyla makul bir uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• MIMO
• Apollonian fraktal
• 5G kablosuz haberleşme
• envelope korelasyon katsayısı
• kanal kapasitesi

A MIMO Antenna Utilizing Modified Apollonian Fractal for Sub-6 5G Wireless Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a quad-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed using a modified Apollonian fractal shape for 5G Wireless communication. The proposed antenna comprises four radiating Apollonian fractal elements placed at optimal positions, along with a bottom layer incorporating a segmented ground plane. Each radiating element is composed of a microstrip feed with a quarter-wave transformer to improve impedance matching. The proposed Apollonian fractal-shaped MIMO antenna operates over the frequency range of 3.3–3.8 GHz, achieving an impedance bandwidth where S11 is less than -10 dB and mutual coupling below -20 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) remains below 0.05, ensuring excellent diversity performance. Furthermore, the performance parameters of the Apollonian fractal- shaped MIMO antenna are evaluated based on S-parameters, such as the envelope correlation coefficient and channel capacity. Experimental measurements show that the ECC is lower than 0.05, while the channel capacity loss is below 0.6, reflecting reasonable agreement with the simulation results.

Keywords

• Apollonian fractal
• quarter-wave transformer
• MIMO
• S-parameters
• ECC
• channel capacity

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