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Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 49 - 57, 21.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1093967

Abstract

Sensor nodes (motes) are randomly dispersed in wireless sensor network (WSN) domains. Motes in WSNs coordinate for producing information of high quality and each scattered mote routes that information back to fixed or mobile base stations (BSs). One of the problems with sensor nodes is battery constraints that limit network lifetime, meaning mots contain limited power depending on size, battery life, and memory. Aggregation-based routing algorithm, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), is envisaged as a highly adequate solution to reduce power consumption. The main objective of this work is to optimize the LEACH protocol primarily in terms of power consumption. There are two reasons to explore hierarchical routing. First, sensor networks have high density and there is a large amount of redundancy in communication. The second is to increase the scalability of the sensor network by considering the security aspects of the communication. In many studies using the LEACH algorithm, the performance analysis of WSNs with the MATLAB simulator has revealed some flaws that need to be eliminated in the algorithm. The proposed research uses the improved IV-LEACH protocol to ensure an even distribution of selected cluster heads of motes over the network to increase the efficiency of the LEACH protocol. Using MATLAB, average life, energy consumption, and efficiency are analyzed to determine mots suitability for use in WSNs. The IV-LEACH protocol outperforms the LEACH protocol, improving energy consumption, lifetime and throughput in a simulated network of 150 nodes.

References

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  • D. Jin, and S. Lin (Eds.), ‘Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering’, Springer, (2012).
  • M. Mishra, et al. ‘Network Lifetime Improvement through Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol for IoT Applications’ Sensors, 21 (2021), pp. 1-26.‏
  • W. R. Heinzelman, et al. ‘Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks’, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 7-8, Maui, HI, USA (2000), pp. 1-10.
  • H. Dhawan, and S. Waraich. ‘A Comparative Study on LEACH Routing Protocol and its Variants in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey’, International Journal of Computer Applications, 95(8) (2014), pp. 21-27.
  • R. M. Dilip Charaan, and R. Ramash, ‘Correlative Analysis On Enhanced Descendants Of LEACH Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks’, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 68(2) (2014), pp. 427-442.‏
  • A. Kaur, and A. Grover, ‘LEACH and Extended LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network-A Survey’, International Journal of Computer Applications, 116(10) (2015), pp. 1-5.
  • J. Huo, et al. ‘Design and Improvement of Routing Protocol for Field Observation Instrument Networking Based on LEACH Protocol’, Hindawi Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2020)‏, pp. 1-19.
  • D. Prabha, and V. K. Arora, ‘A Survey on LEACH and its Descendant Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication, Computing & Systems, August 8-9, Punjab, India (2014), pp. 162-167.
  • T. Yang, et al. ‘Wireless Routing Clustering Protocol Based on Improved LEACH Algorithm’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA), September 26-28, Macau, Macao (2018), pp. 1-6.
  • A. Bharti, et al. ‘Enhanced energy efficient LEACH (EEE-LEACH) algorithm using MIMO for wireless sensor network’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), December 10-12, Madurai, India (2015), pp. 1-4.
  • R. Sujee, and K. E. Kannammal, ‘Energy efficient adaptive clustering protocol based on genetic algorithm and genetic algorithm inter cluster communication for wireless sensor networks’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), January 5-7, Coimbatore, India (2017), pp. 1-6.
  • R. Regmi, et al. ‘Modified LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor networks in agricultural field’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI), September 21-22, Chennai, India (2017).‏ pp. 3100-3104.
  • M. A. Rahmadhani, et al. ‘Energy Consumption and Packet Loss Analysis of LEACH Routing Protocol on WSN Over DTN’, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), July 12-13, Bali, Indonesis (2013), pp. 1-5.
  • Y. Chen, et al. ‘LEACH Algorithm Based on Energy Consumption Equilibrium’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS), January 25-26, Xiamen, China (2018), pp. 677-680.
  • K. Manzoor, et al. ‘Enhanced TL-LEACH routing protocol for large-scale WSN applications’, Proceedings of the Cybersecurity and Cyberforensics Conference (CCC), May 8-9, Melbourne, Australia (2019), pp. 35-39.
  • P. Ullas, and K. S. Shivaprakasha, ‘Residual Energy-Aware Clustering Transformation for LEACH Protocol’, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2, (2021), pp. 31-37.
  • M. Abdurohman, et al. ‘A Modified E-LEACH Routing Protocol for Improving the Lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network’, Journal of Information Processing Systems, 16(4) (2020), pp. 845-858.
  • H. Ouldzira, et al. ‘MG-leach: an enhanced leach protocol for wireless sensor network’, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 9(4) (2019), pp. 3139-3145.
  • J. N. Al-Karaki, and A. E. Kamal, ‘Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey’, IEEE Wireless Communications, 11(6) (2004), pp. 6-28.
  • A. Rady, et al. ‘Comprehensive survey of routing protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks’, International Journal of Communication Systems, 34(15) (2021), pp. 1-30.
  • X. Liu, ‘A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks’, Sensors, 12(8) (2012), pp. 11113-11153.
  • J. N. Anisi, et al. ‘An Overview of Data Routing Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks’, Sensors, 12(8) (2012), pp. 3964-3996.
  • M. Ilyas, and I. Mahgoub (Eds.), ‘Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems’, CRC Press, (2005).
  • S. Ananda Kumar, et al. ‘A Modified LEACH Protocol for Increasing Lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network’, Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 16(3) (2016), pp. 154-164.
  • R. K. Kodali, et al. ‘Energy Efficient m− level LEACH protocol’, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), August 10-13, Kochi, India (2015), pp. 973-979.
  • X. Qu, ‘Energy efficient wireless sensor network with modified LEACH algorithm’, Master Thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology, (2012).
  • H. K. Sarma, et al. ‘Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile node’, International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), May 9-11, Jaipur, India (2014), pp. 1-6.
  • P. Sivakumar, and M. Radhika, ‘Performance Analysis of LEACH-GA over LEACH and LEACH-C in WSN’, Procedia Computer Science, 125 (2018), pp. 248-256.
  • C. Lin, and F. Jiang, ‘Research of Multidimensional Optimization of LEACH Protocol Based on Reducing Network Energy Consumption’, Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2021), pp. 1-9.
  • H. Faris, et al. ‘Optimization of Head Cluster Selection in WSN by Human-Based Optimization Techniques’, Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(3) (2022), pp. 5643-5661.
  • A. Q. Mohammed, ‘Improvement of cluster head selection in LEACH protocol to reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks’, Master Thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University, (2021).
  • V. Loscri, et al. ‘A Two-Levels Hierarchy for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (TL-LEACH)’, IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC), September 28-28, Dallas, TX, USA (2005), pp. 1809-1813.
  • S. Lindsey, and C.S. Raghavendra, ‘Pegasis: Power efficient gathering in sensor information systems’, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, March 9-16, Big Sky, MT, USA (2002), pp. 1125–1130.
  • A. M. Khedr, et al. ‘Successors of PEGASIS protocol: A comprehensive survey’, Computer Science Review, 39 (2021), pp. 1-24.
  • W. R. Heinzelman, et al. ‘An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Micro-Sensor Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4) (2002), pp. 660-670.
Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 49 - 57, 21.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1093967

Abstract

References

  • I. F. Akyildiz, et al. ‘Wireless sensor networks: a survey’, Computer Networks, 38 (2002), pp. 393-422.‏
  • D. Jin, and S. Lin (Eds.), ‘Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering’, Springer, (2012).
  • M. Mishra, et al. ‘Network Lifetime Improvement through Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol for IoT Applications’ Sensors, 21 (2021), pp. 1-26.‏
  • W. R. Heinzelman, et al. ‘Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks’, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January 7-8, Maui, HI, USA (2000), pp. 1-10.
  • H. Dhawan, and S. Waraich. ‘A Comparative Study on LEACH Routing Protocol and its Variants in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey’, International Journal of Computer Applications, 95(8) (2014), pp. 21-27.
  • R. M. Dilip Charaan, and R. Ramash, ‘Correlative Analysis On Enhanced Descendants Of LEACH Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks’, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 68(2) (2014), pp. 427-442.‏
  • A. Kaur, and A. Grover, ‘LEACH and Extended LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network-A Survey’, International Journal of Computer Applications, 116(10) (2015), pp. 1-5.
  • J. Huo, et al. ‘Design and Improvement of Routing Protocol for Field Observation Instrument Networking Based on LEACH Protocol’, Hindawi Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2020)‏, pp. 1-19.
  • D. Prabha, and V. K. Arora, ‘A Survey on LEACH and its Descendant Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication, Computing & Systems, August 8-9, Punjab, India (2014), pp. 162-167.
  • T. Yang, et al. ‘Wireless Routing Clustering Protocol Based on Improved LEACH Algorithm’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on RFID Technology & Application (RFID-TA), September 26-28, Macau, Macao (2018), pp. 1-6.
  • A. Bharti, et al. ‘Enhanced energy efficient LEACH (EEE-LEACH) algorithm using MIMO for wireless sensor network’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), December 10-12, Madurai, India (2015), pp. 1-4.
  • R. Sujee, and K. E. Kannammal, ‘Energy efficient adaptive clustering protocol based on genetic algorithm and genetic algorithm inter cluster communication for wireless sensor networks’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), January 5-7, Coimbatore, India (2017), pp. 1-6.
  • R. Regmi, et al. ‘Modified LEACH algorithm for wireless sensor networks in agricultural field’, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI), September 21-22, Chennai, India (2017).‏ pp. 3100-3104.
  • M. A. Rahmadhani, et al. ‘Energy Consumption and Packet Loss Analysis of LEACH Routing Protocol on WSN Over DTN’, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), July 12-13, Bali, Indonesis (2013), pp. 1-5.
  • Y. Chen, et al. ‘LEACH Algorithm Based on Energy Consumption Equilibrium’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS), January 25-26, Xiamen, China (2018), pp. 677-680.
  • K. Manzoor, et al. ‘Enhanced TL-LEACH routing protocol for large-scale WSN applications’, Proceedings of the Cybersecurity and Cyberforensics Conference (CCC), May 8-9, Melbourne, Australia (2019), pp. 35-39.
  • P. Ullas, and K. S. Shivaprakasha, ‘Residual Energy-Aware Clustering Transformation for LEACH Protocol’, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2, (2021), pp. 31-37.
  • M. Abdurohman, et al. ‘A Modified E-LEACH Routing Protocol for Improving the Lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network’, Journal of Information Processing Systems, 16(4) (2020), pp. 845-858.
  • H. Ouldzira, et al. ‘MG-leach: an enhanced leach protocol for wireless sensor network’, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 9(4) (2019), pp. 3139-3145.
  • J. N. Al-Karaki, and A. E. Kamal, ‘Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey’, IEEE Wireless Communications, 11(6) (2004), pp. 6-28.
  • A. Rady, et al. ‘Comprehensive survey of routing protocols for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks’, International Journal of Communication Systems, 34(15) (2021), pp. 1-30.
  • X. Liu, ‘A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks’, Sensors, 12(8) (2012), pp. 11113-11153.
  • J. N. Anisi, et al. ‘An Overview of Data Routing Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks’, Sensors, 12(8) (2012), pp. 3964-3996.
  • M. Ilyas, and I. Mahgoub (Eds.), ‘Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems’, CRC Press, (2005).
  • S. Ananda Kumar, et al. ‘A Modified LEACH Protocol for Increasing Lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network’, Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 16(3) (2016), pp. 154-164.
  • R. K. Kodali, et al. ‘Energy Efficient m− level LEACH protocol’, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), August 10-13, Kochi, India (2015), pp. 973-979.
  • X. Qu, ‘Energy efficient wireless sensor network with modified LEACH algorithm’, Master Thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology, (2012).
  • H. K. Sarma, et al. ‘Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile node’, International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), May 9-11, Jaipur, India (2014), pp. 1-6.
  • P. Sivakumar, and M. Radhika, ‘Performance Analysis of LEACH-GA over LEACH and LEACH-C in WSN’, Procedia Computer Science, 125 (2018), pp. 248-256.
  • C. Lin, and F. Jiang, ‘Research of Multidimensional Optimization of LEACH Protocol Based on Reducing Network Energy Consumption’, Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, (2021), pp. 1-9.
  • H. Faris, et al. ‘Optimization of Head Cluster Selection in WSN by Human-Based Optimization Techniques’, Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(3) (2022), pp. 5643-5661.
  • A. Q. Mohammed, ‘Improvement of cluster head selection in LEACH protocol to reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks’, Master Thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University, (2021).
  • V. Loscri, et al. ‘A Two-Levels Hierarchy for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (TL-LEACH)’, IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC), September 28-28, Dallas, TX, USA (2005), pp. 1809-1813.
  • S. Lindsey, and C.S. Raghavendra, ‘Pegasis: Power efficient gathering in sensor information systems’, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, March 9-16, Big Sky, MT, USA (2002), pp. 1125–1130.
  • A. M. Khedr, et al. ‘Successors of PEGASIS protocol: A comprehensive survey’, Computer Science Review, 39 (2021), pp. 1-24.
  • W. R. Heinzelman, et al. ‘An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Micro-Sensor Networks’, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4) (2002), pp. 660-670.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ali Qasim Alrubaye This is me 0000-0003-3034-0172

Indrıt Myderrizi 0000-0002-2112-7911

Early Pub Date October 21, 2022
Publication Date October 21, 2022
Acceptance Date October 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alrubaye, A. Q., & Myderrizi, I. (2022). Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, 8(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1093967
AMA Alrubaye AQ, Myderrizi I. Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. IJET. October 2022;8(1):49-57. doi:10.19072/ijet.1093967
Chicago Alrubaye, Ali Qasim, and Indrıt Myderrizi. “Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 8, no. 1 (October 2022): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1093967.
EndNote Alrubaye AQ, Myderrizi I (October 1, 2022) Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 8 1 49–57.
IEEE A. Q. Alrubaye and I. Myderrizi, “Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks”, IJET, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 49–57, 2022, doi: 10.19072/ijet.1093967.
ISNAD Alrubaye, Ali Qasim - Myderrizi, Indrıt. “Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 8/1 (October 2022), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.1093967.
JAMA Alrubaye AQ, Myderrizi I. Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. IJET. 2022;8:49–57.
MLA Alrubaye, Ali Qasim and Indrıt Myderrizi. “Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks”. International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET, vol. 8, no. 1, 2022, pp. 49-57, doi:10.19072/ijet.1093967.
Vancouver Alrubaye AQ, Myderrizi I. Improvement of Cluster Head Selection in LEACH for Reducing Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks. IJET. 2022;8(1):49-57.

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