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From Sykes-Picot to Present; The Centenary Aim of The Zionism on Syria and Iraq

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 64 - 95, 31.10.2017

Abstract

Ower the past hundred years, much of the Middle East was arranged by Sir Mark Sykes and François Georges Picot. During the World War I Allied Powers dominanced Syria by the treaty of Sykes-Picot which was made between England and France. After the Great War Allied Powers (England-France) occupied Syria, Palestine, Iraq or all Al Jazeera and made them mandate. As the Arab World and Syria in particular is in turmoil, it has become fashionable of late to hold the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement responsible for the current storm surge. On the other hand, Theodor Herzl, the father of political Zionism, published a star-eyed novel entitled Altneuland (Old-New Land) in 1902. Soon after The Britain has became the biggest supporter of the Jews, but The Britain had to occupy the Ottoman Empire’s lands first with some allies, and so did it. The Allied Powers defeated Germany and Ottoman Empire. Nevertheless, the gamble paid off in the short term for Britain and Jews. In May 14, 1948 Israel was established. Since that day Israel has expanded its borders. Today, new opportunity is Syria just standing infront of Israel. We think that Israel will fill the headless body gap with Syrian

References

  • Arenal, M. G., (2013). “A Jews of al-andalus”, abdelwahab meddeb, benjamin stora, a history of jewish-muslim relations: From the origins to the present day, Marina Rustow, Princeton University Press, pp. 111-135.
  • Aissa, E. H., (2012). The Arab spring: Causes, consequences, and implications, Strategy Research Project, United States Army War College Class of 2012.
  • Bassil, Y., (2012 Nov-Dec). “The 2003 Iraq War: Operations, causes, and consequences”. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(5), 29-47.
  • BİLGESAM, (2015, April). Irak ve Suriye’deki Gelişmelerin Türkiye’ye Etkileri, Bilge Adamlar Kurulu Raporu, Bilge Adamlar Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, Rapor No: 65, İstanbul.
  • Birdal, A., (2012 August). Yiğit Günay, arap baharı aldatmacası orta doğu’da emperyalist restorasyon (2. Baskı). İstanbul:Yazılama Yayınları.
  • ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANICA, (1970). Volume 19, William Benton Publisher, USA.
  • Engdahl, W., (2004). A century of war: anglo-american oil politics and the new world order, Revised Edition. London:Pluto Press.
  • Erdoğan, Ş., & Deligöz, E. (2015 May). “Irak Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD): Gücü ve Geleceği”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, The Journal of Defense Scineces, 14(1), 5-37.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2014 September-October). “America in Decay”. Foreign Affairs, 93(5), 5-26.
  • Gaub, F. P. P. (2013 October). “Sykes-Picot and Syria”, Issue Alert, European Union Institute for Security Studies, 34, 1-2.
  • Goldshmih jr., A. D. L. (2011). A concise history of the middle east (Ninth Edition). Boulder:Westview Press.
  • Hart, B. L. (2014). Birinci dünya savaşı tarihi (Çev: Kerim Bağrıaçık, 1. Baskı). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Hourani, A. (2011). Arap halkları tarihi (Çev: Yavuz Alogan, 3. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • İnalcık, H. (2017). Devlet-i Aliyye Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine araştırmalar-ı, klasik dönem (1302-1606): Siyasal, kurumsal ve ekonomik gelişim, seçme eserleri II (58. Baskı). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • İnalcık, H. (2016). Osmanlı tarihinde islamiyet ve devlet, seçme eserleri IX (2. Baskı). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Kamrava, M. (2005). The modern middle east political history since the first world war, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kramer, M. (1997). “The Middle East, Old and New”, Deadalusi, 126(2),89-112.
  • Kramer, M. (2017). “The Forgotten Truth About The Balfour Declaration”, Advencing Jewish Thought, Mosaic, pp.1-23.
  • Kissenger, H., (2011 February). Diplomasi, Çev: İbrahim H. Kurt, 10. Baskı, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Lewi, B. (2005). Orta Doğu, Hıristiyanlığın Başlangıcından Günümüze Orta Doğu’nın İki Bin Yıllık Tarihi, Çev: Selen Y. Kölay, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınları.
  • Lewis, B. (2009 February). Tarihte Araplar, Çev: Hakkı Dursun Yıldız (5. Baskı). İstanbul: Ağaç Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Mariwala, A. (2014). “The Syrian Civil War, Regime of Bashar Al-Assad”, Stanford Model Ubited Nations Conference, pp.1-23.
  • Marschalk, L. (1972). Yahudi (Dünya Hâkimleri), Çev. Cüneyd Emiroğlu (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Sebil Yayınları.
  • Morga, K. O. (2009). The Oxford ıllustrated history of Brittain, Updated Edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Mucci, F. (2016 Winter-Spring). “Intentional destruction of cultural heritage by ISIS: the reaction of the International Community against this specific aspect of the aggression to peace and human rights”, Peace Processes Online Review, 2(1), pp.1-15.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (2006 January). İmparatorluğun en uzun yüzyılı (25. Baskı). İstanbul: Alkım Yayınları.
  • Ottoway, M. (2015 Fall). “Learning from Sykes-Picot”, Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series. Wilson Center, pp.1-11.
  • Ottowa, M., & Ottaway, D. (2014 May-June) “How the Kurds Got Their Way Economic Cooperation and the Middle East’s New Borders”. Foreign Affairs, pp. 139-149
  • Owen, E. R. (2008 January). “One Hundred Years of Middle East Oil”, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Middle East Brief, No.24, Brandies University, pp. 1-7.
  • Patrick, A. J. (2013 Winter-2014 Spring). “The Zionist Commission and the Jewish Communities of Greater Syria in 1919”. Jarusalem Quarterly 56&57, pp.107-117.
  • Parker, Geoffrey, (2014 June). Cambridge savaş tarihi, Çev: Füsun Tayanç, Tunç Tayanç (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Rustow, M. (2013). Jews and Muslims in the Eastern Islamic World, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Benjamin Stora, A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day. Marina Rustow, Princeton University Press, pp. 75-110.
  • Richa, N. (1992). Great Power Diplomacy 1814-1914, McGraw-Hill Publisher, USA.
  • Rbinovic, I. (2014 February). The End of Sykes-Picot? Reflections on the Prospects of the Arab State System. Middle East Memo, 32, pp.1-9.
  • Singer, C. (2008 January). Oil and security. Policy Analysis Brief, The Stanley Foundation, USA, pp.1-11.
  • Tira, R (2015 April). Israel, strategy for what follows the sykes-picot era. Strategic Assessment, 18(1), pp.57-69.
  • Toprania, A. (201). Oil and grand strategy: Great Britain And Germany, 1918-1941 (PhD Thesis). Histpory Department of Georgetown University.
  • Tabler, A. J. (2013 July-Agust). Syria’s Collapse And How Washington Can Stop It. Foreign Affairs, pp. 90-100.
  • Wickersham, A. (2016). “Hashemites and Zionist: The Post-War Anglo-Arab Relationship and the Failure of the One State Solution”, MJUR, Oxford, pp.28-39.
  •  http://www.indiana.edu/~global/icab/notebook/Exploring%20Global%20Issues%20in%20the%20Middle%20East.pdf
  •  http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/learning/sephardim.html
  •  http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/learning/sephardim.html
  •  https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/why-turkey-hasnt-forgotten-about-first-world-war
  •  https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Sykes-Picot_Agreement
  •  http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Balfour-Declaration1917.pdf
  •  http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Balfour-Declaration1917.pdf
  •  https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/History-of-Zionism.pdf
  •  https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel
  •  http://www.bicom.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/BICOM-Briefing-Balfour-paper-FINAL.pdf
  •  https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Gulf-War.pdf

Sykes-Picot’dan Günümüze; Suriye ve Irak Üzerinde Siyonizm’in Yüz Yıllık Hedefleri

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 64 - 95, 31.10.2017

Abstract

Geçtiğimiz son yüzyılda, Orta Doğu’nun birçok bölümü Sir Mark Sykes ve François Georges Picot tarafından tanzim edildi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında İngiltere ve Fransa tarafından hazırlanan Sykes-Picot Antlaşması ile müttefikler Suriye’ye hâkim oldular. Büyük Savaş sonrasında müttefik güçler (İngiltere-Fransa) bugün ki Suriye’yi, Filistin’i, Irak’ı ya da El Cezire’yi işgal etti ve sömürgeleştirdi. Arap Dünyası ve özellikle Suriye kargaşa içinde olduğundan mevcut fırtına dalgalanmasından 1916 Sykes-Picot Antlşamasının sorumluluğunu üstlenmek modası geçti. Öte yandan, siyasal Siyonizm’in babası Theodor Herzl 1902’de Eski-Yeni Toprak adında bir eser yayınladı. Bir müddet sonra, İngiltere Yahudilerin en büyük destekçisi oldu ancak İngiltere’nin bunu eyleme dökmesi için öncelikle Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun topraklarını müttefikleri ile işgal etmesi gerekti ve yaptı da. Müttefik İtilaf Devletleri Almanya ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun yenilgiye uğrattı. Yine de bu kumar hesabı kısa vadede İngiltere ve Yahudilere ödenmişti. 1948’in 14 Mayıs’ında İsrail Devleti kuruldu. O günden beri de İsrail sınırlarını genişletmektedir. Bugün ise, İsrail’in önünde Suriye yeni bir fırsat olarak durmaktadır. İsrail’in Batı Dünyası’nın desteği ile Suriye ve Irak Kürtleri ile başsız vucüt gibi duram bu boşluğu doldurmak istediğini düşünüyoruz. Bu makalemizde de bu fikri açıklamaya çalışacağız.

References

  • Arenal, M. G., (2013). “A Jews of al-andalus”, abdelwahab meddeb, benjamin stora, a history of jewish-muslim relations: From the origins to the present day, Marina Rustow, Princeton University Press, pp. 111-135.
  • Aissa, E. H., (2012). The Arab spring: Causes, consequences, and implications, Strategy Research Project, United States Army War College Class of 2012.
  • Bassil, Y., (2012 Nov-Dec). “The 2003 Iraq War: Operations, causes, and consequences”. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(5), 29-47.
  • BİLGESAM, (2015, April). Irak ve Suriye’deki Gelişmelerin Türkiye’ye Etkileri, Bilge Adamlar Kurulu Raporu, Bilge Adamlar Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, Rapor No: 65, İstanbul.
  • Birdal, A., (2012 August). Yiğit Günay, arap baharı aldatmacası orta doğu’da emperyalist restorasyon (2. Baskı). İstanbul:Yazılama Yayınları.
  • ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANICA, (1970). Volume 19, William Benton Publisher, USA.
  • Engdahl, W., (2004). A century of war: anglo-american oil politics and the new world order, Revised Edition. London:Pluto Press.
  • Erdoğan, Ş., & Deligöz, E. (2015 May). “Irak Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD): Gücü ve Geleceği”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, The Journal of Defense Scineces, 14(1), 5-37.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2014 September-October). “America in Decay”. Foreign Affairs, 93(5), 5-26.
  • Gaub, F. P. P. (2013 October). “Sykes-Picot and Syria”, Issue Alert, European Union Institute for Security Studies, 34, 1-2.
  • Goldshmih jr., A. D. L. (2011). A concise history of the middle east (Ninth Edition). Boulder:Westview Press.
  • Hart, B. L. (2014). Birinci dünya savaşı tarihi (Çev: Kerim Bağrıaçık, 1. Baskı). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Hourani, A. (2011). Arap halkları tarihi (Çev: Yavuz Alogan, 3. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • İnalcık, H. (2017). Devlet-i Aliyye Osmanlı İmparatorluğu üzerine araştırmalar-ı, klasik dönem (1302-1606): Siyasal, kurumsal ve ekonomik gelişim, seçme eserleri II (58. Baskı). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • İnalcık, H. (2016). Osmanlı tarihinde islamiyet ve devlet, seçme eserleri IX (2. Baskı). İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Kamrava, M. (2005). The modern middle east political history since the first world war, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kramer, M. (1997). “The Middle East, Old and New”, Deadalusi, 126(2),89-112.
  • Kramer, M. (2017). “The Forgotten Truth About The Balfour Declaration”, Advencing Jewish Thought, Mosaic, pp.1-23.
  • Kissenger, H., (2011 February). Diplomasi, Çev: İbrahim H. Kurt, 10. Baskı, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Lewi, B. (2005). Orta Doğu, Hıristiyanlığın Başlangıcından Günümüze Orta Doğu’nın İki Bin Yıllık Tarihi, Çev: Selen Y. Kölay, 1. Baskı, Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınları.
  • Lewis, B. (2009 February). Tarihte Araplar, Çev: Hakkı Dursun Yıldız (5. Baskı). İstanbul: Ağaç Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Mariwala, A. (2014). “The Syrian Civil War, Regime of Bashar Al-Assad”, Stanford Model Ubited Nations Conference, pp.1-23.
  • Marschalk, L. (1972). Yahudi (Dünya Hâkimleri), Çev. Cüneyd Emiroğlu (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Sebil Yayınları.
  • Morga, K. O. (2009). The Oxford ıllustrated history of Brittain, Updated Edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Mucci, F. (2016 Winter-Spring). “Intentional destruction of cultural heritage by ISIS: the reaction of the International Community against this specific aspect of the aggression to peace and human rights”, Peace Processes Online Review, 2(1), pp.1-15.
  • Ortaylı, İ. (2006 January). İmparatorluğun en uzun yüzyılı (25. Baskı). İstanbul: Alkım Yayınları.
  • Ottoway, M. (2015 Fall). “Learning from Sykes-Picot”, Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series. Wilson Center, pp.1-11.
  • Ottowa, M., & Ottaway, D. (2014 May-June) “How the Kurds Got Their Way Economic Cooperation and the Middle East’s New Borders”. Foreign Affairs, pp. 139-149
  • Owen, E. R. (2008 January). “One Hundred Years of Middle East Oil”, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Middle East Brief, No.24, Brandies University, pp. 1-7.
  • Patrick, A. J. (2013 Winter-2014 Spring). “The Zionist Commission and the Jewish Communities of Greater Syria in 1919”. Jarusalem Quarterly 56&57, pp.107-117.
  • Parker, Geoffrey, (2014 June). Cambridge savaş tarihi, Çev: Füsun Tayanç, Tunç Tayanç (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Rustow, M. (2013). Jews and Muslims in the Eastern Islamic World, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Benjamin Stora, A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day. Marina Rustow, Princeton University Press, pp. 75-110.
  • Richa, N. (1992). Great Power Diplomacy 1814-1914, McGraw-Hill Publisher, USA.
  • Rbinovic, I. (2014 February). The End of Sykes-Picot? Reflections on the Prospects of the Arab State System. Middle East Memo, 32, pp.1-9.
  • Singer, C. (2008 January). Oil and security. Policy Analysis Brief, The Stanley Foundation, USA, pp.1-11.
  • Tira, R (2015 April). Israel, strategy for what follows the sykes-picot era. Strategic Assessment, 18(1), pp.57-69.
  • Toprania, A. (201). Oil and grand strategy: Great Britain And Germany, 1918-1941 (PhD Thesis). Histpory Department of Georgetown University.
  • Tabler, A. J. (2013 July-Agust). Syria’s Collapse And How Washington Can Stop It. Foreign Affairs, pp. 90-100.
  • Wickersham, A. (2016). “Hashemites and Zionist: The Post-War Anglo-Arab Relationship and the Failure of the One State Solution”, MJUR, Oxford, pp.28-39.
  •  http://www.indiana.edu/~global/icab/notebook/Exploring%20Global%20Issues%20in%20the%20Middle%20East.pdf
  •  http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/learning/sephardim.html
  •  http://kehillatisrael.net/docs/learning/sephardim.html
  •  https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/why-turkey-hasnt-forgotten-about-first-world-war
  •  https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Sykes-Picot_Agreement
  •  http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Balfour-Declaration1917.pdf
  •  http://www.i-acuse.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Balfour-Declaration1917.pdf
  •  https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/History-of-Zionism.pdf
  •  https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/creation-israel
  •  http://www.bicom.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/BICOM-Briefing-Balfour-paper-FINAL.pdf
  •  https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Gulf-War.pdf
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ergenekon Savun This is me

Publication Date October 31, 2017
Submission Date September 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Savun, E. (2017). From Sykes-Picot to Present; The Centenary Aim of The Zionism on Syria and Iraq. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 3(2), 64-95.

International Journal of Humanities and Education (IJHE) 

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