Nijerya’nın Dördüncü Cumhuriyetinde Demokratik Yönetişim ve İnsan Hakları İhlalleri: Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku Üzerindeki Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 18, 467 - 486, 31.10.2022

Dingji Maza Kangdim , Olusegun Ilemore , Cemal Yorgancıoğlu , Nanbilip Ruth Bakyil

Abstract

Nijerya’da demokrasi, General Abdulsalami Abubakar’ın son askeri döneminin, iktidarı Şef Olusegun Obasanjo’nun demokratik olarak seçilmiş hükümetine devrettiği 1999 yılında kalıcı hale gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yerleşmesine ve sağlamlaştırılmasına rağmen, insan hakları ihlalleri gibi birçok zorlukla karşı karşıyadır. Bu bağlamda, bu makale Nijerya’nın dördüncü cumhuriyetinde demokratik yönetişim paradoksunu ve insan hakları ihlallerinin zorluklarını ve bunun uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ilkesini nasıl etkilediğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma metodolojisini, çeşitli mevcut çalışmaların kapsamlı bir masa başı incelemesi yoluyla kullanan çalışmanın bulguları, Nijerya’daki demokratik ve sivil alanın kesintiye uğramamasına rağmen, Nijerya’daki gerçek demokratik idealleri ve ilkelerini sağlamlaştırmanın sorunlu olmaya devam ettiğini, bunun Nijerya siyasetinin çeşitli sektörlerinde insan hakları ihlallerinin yaygınlığından kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Birleşmiş Milletler gibi uluslararası aktörlerin Nijerya otoritesi tarafından insan haklarını kötüye kullanma eylemlerini kontrol etme ve yaptırım uygulamadaki yetersizliğinin, demokratik yönetişimin güçlendirilmesini ve Nijerya devleti içindeki ideallerini olumsuz yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, küresel, bölgesel ve ulusal düzeylerdeki uygun kurum ve aktörlerin, tüm Nijeryalıların haklarına ve ayrıcalıklarına saygı gösterilmesini değil, aynı zamanda anayasada açıkça belirtildiği gibi korunmasını sağlamaları gerektiğini öne sürerek, Nijerya’da demokratik yönetişimi güçlendirmek ve derinleştirmek için bu zorlukları ele almaktadır.

Keywords

Demokrasi, Demokratik Yönetim, İnsan Hakları, İnsan Hakları İhlalleri, Nijerya

Democratic Governance and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: It’s Implication on International Human Rights Law

Abstract

Democracy has become permanent in Nigeria in 1999 when the last military dispensation of General Abdulsalami Abubakar handed over power to a democratically elected government of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo. However, despite its entrenchment and consolidation, it faces many challenges like human rights violations. In this context, this article aims to examine the paradox of democratic governance and the challenges of human rights violations in Nigeria’s fourth republic, and how it impacted the principle of international human rights law. Using qualitative research methodology through an extensive desk review of several extant studies, the findings of the study suggest that despite the non-interruption of the democratic and civil space in Nigeria, entrenching true democratic ideals and their tenets in Nigeria remains problematic this is due to the prevalence of human rights violations across various sectors of the Nigerian polity. It further revealed that the inability of international actors like the United Nations in checkmating and sanctioning acts of human rights abuse by the Nigerian authority negatively affects the strengthening of democratic governance and its ideals within the Nigerian state. This study, therefore, addresses these challenges to strengthen and deepen democratic governance in Nigeria, suggesting that appropriate agencies and actors at the global, regional, and national levels should ensure that the rights and privileges of all Nigerians are not only respected but also protected as expressly stated in the constitution.

Keywords

Democracy, Democratic Governance, Human Rights, Human Rights Violations, Nigeria

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