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İmpact of Capitalism on Indian Agriculture Sector after 1970s

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 23, 293 - 302, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Abstract:

Agriculture plays an important role in the Indian economy and is the source of livelihood for millions of people. In India; the second most populous country in the World; meeting the food needs of nearly 1.5 billion people, eliminating the hunger problem in the country, food security and sustainable agricultural practices are critical importance. The fact that 60% of its land is agricultural land and more than 50% of the population is employed in the agricultural sector means that millions of people earn their living from the agricultural sector. The agricultural reforms that started in India with the Green Revolution in the 1960s were further developed with the transition to free trade in the 1990s and created a rapid and major transformation in the country's traditional agricultural systems. After 1990, the effects of Capitalism became quite evident and this period was considered as the golden age in India's agricultural sector. The conditions brought about by globalization have had great effects on the country's economy, living standards and systems. Significant progress has been made with the implementation of technological developments, increased productivity and increased global trade opportunities. However, the transition to a single-product economy has also resulted in problems such as groundwater pollution caused by fertilizers used for productivity, water scarcity, and social inequalities. In this study, the subject of Indian agricultural reforms after 1970 will be explained with a critical method.

References

  • Akdemir, S., & Sey, N. (2020). Hindistan Ekonomisinin Büyüme Dinamikleri: SVAR ANALİZİ. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, sayı 1, 41-62
  • cia.gov. (2023). factbook. agriculture products. cia.gov. Darjeeling. (2023). ankara.edu.tr: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/169373/mod_resource/content/0/çay%208.pdf
  • ers.usda.gov. (2022). Rice Sector at a Glance. Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture.
  • G.E.J., S. (2022). Impact of green revolution in India. İnternational Journal of Health Sciences.
  • Gulati, A., & Juneja, R. (2022). Transforming Indian Agriculture. Springer Singapore., 10-15
  • Gulati, A., & Mullen, K. (2003). Responding to Policy Reform: Indian Agriculture during the 1990s and after. International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington., 1-7
  • Hans, V., & PrabhU, S. (2024, Mayıs 7). Revisiting the Green Revolution in India: Assessing Achievements, Challenges, and Future Prospects. papers.ssrn.com: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4814723
  • Mahadevan, R. (2004). Productivity growth in Indian agriculture: The role of globalization and economic reform. Asia-Pacific Development Journal.
  • Omvedt, G. (1983). Capitalist agriculture and rural classes in India. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars.
  • Raeboline, A., Nelson, L. E., Ravichandran, K., & Antony, U. (2019). The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India. Journal of Ethnic Food.
  • Singh, R., & Singh, H. (2019). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42965-019-00029-w. Challenges and opportunities for agricultural sustainability in changing climate scenarios: a perspective on Indian agriculture. link.springer.com.

1970’lerden sonra Kapitalizm'in Hindistan Tarım Sektörüne Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 23, 293 - 302, 31.12.2024

Abstract

Özet:

Tarım, Hindistan ekonomisinde önemli bir rol oynar ve milyonlarca insanın geçim kaynağıdır. Dünyanın en kalabalık ikinci ülkesi olan Hindistan’da, 1,5 milyara yakın nüfusun gıda ihtiyacının karşılanması, ülkedeki açlık sorunun giderilmesi, gıda güvenliği, sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları konuları kritik önemdedir. Topraklarının % 60’nın tarım arazisi olması ve nüfusun % 50’den fazlasının tarım sektöründe istihdam etmesi milyonlarca insanın geçimini tarım sektöründen sağladığı anlamına gelmektedir. 1960’larda Yeşil devrim ile Hindistan’da başlayan tarım reformları 1990’lı yıllarda serbest ticarete geçilerek daha da geliştirilmiş ve ülkenin geleneksel tarım sistemlerinde hızlı ve büyük bir dönüşüm oluşturmuştur. 1990 sonrası Kapitalizm ’in etkileri oldukça belirgin hale gelmiş ve bu dönem Hindistan’ın tarım sektöründeki altın çağ olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Küreselleşme ile gerçekleşen koşullar ülkenin, ekonomisinde, yaşam standartlarında, sistemlerinde çok büyük etkiler oluşturmuştur. Teknolojik gelişmelerin uygulanması, verimlilik artışı, küresel ticaret fırsatlarının artması ile önemli ölçüde ilerleme sağlanmıştır. Ancak bunun yanında, Tek ürünlü ekonomiye geçiş, verimlilik için kullanılan gübrelerden kaynaklı yeraltı sularının kirlenmesi, su kıtlığı, sosyal eşitsizlikler gibi problemlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1970 sonrası Hindistan tarım reformları konusu eleştirel bir yöntemle anlatılacaktır.

References

  • Akdemir, S., & Sey, N. (2020). Hindistan Ekonomisinin Büyüme Dinamikleri: SVAR ANALİZİ. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, sayı 1, 41-62
  • cia.gov. (2023). factbook. agriculture products. cia.gov. Darjeeling. (2023). ankara.edu.tr: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/169373/mod_resource/content/0/çay%208.pdf
  • ers.usda.gov. (2022). Rice Sector at a Glance. Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture.
  • G.E.J., S. (2022). Impact of green revolution in India. İnternational Journal of Health Sciences.
  • Gulati, A., & Juneja, R. (2022). Transforming Indian Agriculture. Springer Singapore., 10-15
  • Gulati, A., & Mullen, K. (2003). Responding to Policy Reform: Indian Agriculture during the 1990s and after. International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington., 1-7
  • Hans, V., & PrabhU, S. (2024, Mayıs 7). Revisiting the Green Revolution in India: Assessing Achievements, Challenges, and Future Prospects. papers.ssrn.com: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4814723
  • Mahadevan, R. (2004). Productivity growth in Indian agriculture: The role of globalization and economic reform. Asia-Pacific Development Journal.
  • Omvedt, G. (1983). Capitalist agriculture and rural classes in India. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars.
  • Raeboline, A., Nelson, L. E., Ravichandran, K., & Antony, U. (2019). The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India. Journal of Ethnic Food.
  • Singh, R., & Singh, H. (2019). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42965-019-00029-w. Challenges and opportunities for agricultural sustainability in changing climate scenarios: a perspective on Indian agriculture. link.springer.com.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Development Geography
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Huriye Felekoğlu 0009-0003-8808-1238

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date May 30, 2024
Acceptance Date October 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 23

Cite

APA Felekoğlu, H. (2024). 1970’lerden sonra Kapitalizm’in Hindistan Tarım Sektörüne Etkisi. Uluslararası Beşeri Bilimler Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 10(23), 293-302.

International Journal of Humanities and Education (IJHE) 

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