Bir Göç Toplumu Olarak Almanya’da İslam Din Eğitimi Habermas’ın Postsekülerist Entegrasyon Çözümü

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 14 - 49, 18.05.2023

Kemal İnal

Abstract

Almanya, uzunca bir süre bir “göç toplumu” olduğunu kabul etmedi. Ancak yakın zamanda göçmen işçilerin “misafir” statüsünden “kalıcı” bir konuma evrildiğini ve toplumun fiili olarak çokkültürlü bir göç toplumu haline geldiğini kabul etmek zorunda kaldı. Haliyle entegrasyon çalışmalarına başladı. Bunun için eğitim başta olmak üzere, kurumlar yeniden yapılandırıldı, din eğitimi konusunda yeni bir yaklaşım geliştirilmeye çalışıldı. Bu yeni yaklaşım aslında Habermas’ın teorik olarak geliştirdiği demokratik entegrasyon modeline (inclusion) oldukça yakındır. Bu modelinde Habermas, dinden postseküler toplumda demokratik sistemi güçlendirmek için nasıl yararlanılabileceğini sorguladı ve bu bağlamda dini sezgilerin seküler dile tercüme edilmesini talep etti. Almanya’da İslam’ın sisteme entegrasyonunda eğitim bağlamında fiili olarak yapılan şey tam da bu tercüme eylemidir. Almanya’da üçüncü büyük din haline gelen İslam, göçmen nüfusun kimlik bileşenleri içinde en öne çıkan unsur olması hasebiyle, yaratılan bir talep sonucu olarak, resmi müfredatlarda bir öğretim konusu oldu. Dolayısıyla Almanya, göçmenlerin dinini (İslam) dışlamak yerine sistemin içine alarak yeni bir entegrasyon modeli geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu makalede bunun teorik arka planında yatan Habermas’ın yaklaşımı tanıtılmakta ve bu yaklaşımla paralel giden Alman pedagojik pratiğinin, didaktik olarak İslam din dersi kitaplarında nasıl bir görünüm sergilediği tercüme eylemiyle gösterilmektedir.

Keywords

Göç, Göç Toplumu, Habermas, Postsekülerizm, Postseküler Toplum, İslam Din Eğitimi, Tercüme.

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