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Islamic Finance Instruments and Systematic Risks: A Call for Financial Framework Reform

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 27.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.54427/ijisef.1559304

Abstract

This manuscript examines the contemporary practices in Islamic finance and the associated systematic risks. It critiques the current instruments of Islamic finance and the conventional financial framework within which Islamic banks function, highlighting their suboptimal nature. The discussion extends to the challenges of tenor and currency mismatches and their influence on systematic risk, as observed in the deposit banking model concerning asset-liability management. The study advocates for a direct connection between resource mobilization and lending activities, aiming to counteract the trend of Islamic finance converging with conventional finance and to prevent the recurrent financial crises attributed to the disparities between resource mobilization and bank lending. The arguments rest on the premise that the profit-loss sharing principle in Islamic finance is designed not to absolve borrowers of their obligations. Rather, it ensures that investors, as opposed to the general public, share in both the profits and the risks. Furthermore, the manuscript suggests the potential development of Shari’ah compliant capital market alternatives within an appropriate financial framework, which is currently absent. Additionally, it addresses the Shari’ah compliance concerns associated with sukuk, specifically the issues surrounding the sale and lease-back-based (bai’ al-’inah) and commodity murabaha (organized tavarruq) transactions. This paper anticipates several outcomes from the proposed measures. These include establishing a fair risk-sharing system aligned with Islamic finance principles, enhancing resistance to speculative bubbles by mitigating systemic risks in the current structure, and contributing economically to society through genuine financing models.

References

  • Abalkhil, W., A., A. (2018). Islamic Finance in Saudi Arabia: Developing the Regulatory Framework. Exeter University.
  • Abdul Ghafar, I. and Karmila Hanim, K. (2010). A note on debt selling and their impact on Islamic bank value. International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 7(1).
  • Banke, N. K., & Yitayaw, M. K. (2022). Deposit mobilization and its determinants: evidence from commercial banks in Ethiopia. Future Business Journal, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s43093-022-00144-6
  • CBUAE. (2022). Standard Re Liquidity at Islamic Banks | CBUAE Rulebook. Central Bank of The U.A.E. United Arab Emirates. Erişim 12 Eylül 2024. https://rulebook.centralbank.ae/en/rulebook/standard-re-liquidity-islamic-banks
  • Çakmak, C. (2024). Ijarah. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Islamic Finance and Economics (pp. 1–5). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93703-4_148-1
  • Diallo, A. T., & Gundogdu, A. S. (2021). Sustainable development and infrastructure (1st ed.). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67094-8
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2016). Islamic electronic trading platform on organized exchange. Borsa Istanbul Review, 16(4), 249–255. doi: 10.1016/j.bir.2016.06.002
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2018). The Rise of Islamic Finance: 2-Step Murabaha. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 13 (1), 107-130.
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2019). A Modern Perspective of Islamic Economics and Finance. Emerald Publishing Limited; England. doi: 10.1108/9781789731378
  • Gundogdu, A. S. (2020). Exploring novel Islamic monetary system. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 440–456. doi:10.1108/jiabr-12-2017-0180
  • Hassan, A., & Mollah, S. (2018). Risk management in Islamic financial institutions. In Islamic Finance (pp. 223–230). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91295-0_17
  • Kayhan, O. (2023). Riske Maruz Değer (Var): Kavramsal Gelişim Süreci, Uygulama Ve Değerlendirme. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 9(1), 80-103, https://doi.org.tr/10.54863/jief.1307438.
  • Lahsasna, A., Hassan, M. K., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Introduction to Sukuk. In Forward Lease Sukuk in Islamic Capital Markets (pp. 1–9). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94262-9_1
  • al-Majmūʻah al-shari’ah al-maṣrif al-Rājiḥī. (2010). Qarārāt al-Hayʼah al-shariʻah al-maṣrif al-Rājiḥī. Riyāḍ Dār Kunūz Ishbīliyā.
  • Mohamed, I., Junyuan, A., & Fasaaha, M. (2024). The Application of Service Ijarah in Islamic Finance. International Journal of Management and Applied Research (pp. 80-106).
  • Al-Mubarak, T., & Osmani, N., M. (2010). Applications of Maqasid al- Shari’ah and Maslahah in the Islamic Banking practices : An analysis. International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India, (October), 1-17.
  • Muhammad, M. Z., & Chong, R. (2007). The contract of bay’ Al-Salam and istisna’ in Islamic commercial law: A comparative analysis. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society (LJMS), 1, 21–28. doi:10.51200/ljms.vi.2993
  • Saad, A. A., Ibrahim, U. B., & Napiah, M. D. M. (2016). Murabahah Sukuk structure: The shariah challenges and the way forward. doi:10.13135/2421-2172/1641
  • Watkins, J. S. (2020). The beauty of Islamic finance contracts. In Islamic Finance and Global Capitalism (pp. 55–113). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59840-2_4
  • Yılmaz, O. K. (2023). Orta Asya Hanefî fetva literatürünün gelişimi ve icâre-i tavîle (4/10-6/12. yüzyıllar) (Doktora Tezi). Istanbul University, Istanbul.

İslami Finans Araçları ve Sistematik Riskler: Finansal Çerçeve Reformu için Bir Çağrı

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 27.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.54427/ijisef.1559304

Abstract

Bu makale, İslami finansın çağdaş uygulamalarını ve bunlarla ilişkili sistematik riskleri incelemektedir. İslami finansın mevcut araçlarını ve İslami bankaların faaliyet gösterdiği geleneksel finansal çerçeveyi eleştirerek, bunların optimal olmayan doğasını vurgulamaktadır. Tartışma, varlık-yükümlülük yönetimi ile ilgili olarak mevduat bankacılığı modelinde gözlemlenen vade ve döviz cinsi uyumsuzluklarının sistematik risk üzerindeki etkilerini de kapsamaktadır. Çalışma, kaynak mobilizasyonu ve kredi verme faaliyetleri arasında doğrudan bir bağlantı kurulmasını savunarak, İslami finansın geleneksel finansa benzeşme eğilimini engellemeyi ve kaynak mobilizasyonu ile banka kredilendirmesi arasındaki uyumsuzluklardan kaynaklanan finansal krizleri önleyici tedbir önerileri sunmaktadır. Sunulan çerçeve, İslami finanstaki kâr-zarar paylaşım ilkesinin kredi alanları yükümlülüklerinden kurtarmak için tasarlanmadığı öncülüne dayanmaktadır. Tam tersine, bu ilke, kâr ve riskin genel halk yerine yatırımcılar tarafından paylaşılmasını öngörmektedir. Ayrıca, makale, şu anda mevcut olmayan uygun bir finansal çerçeve içinde İslami finans prensiplerine uyumlu sermaye piyasası alternatiflerinin geliştirilmesini önermektedir. Ayrıca, sukuk ile ilgili İslami finans prensiplerine uyumluluk endişelerini, özellikle sat-geri kirala (beyʿu’l-ʿîne) ve emtia murabahası (organize teverruk) işlemleri etrafındaki sorunları ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki çağrının beklenen bazı sonuçları olacaktır. İslami finasın ilkelerine uyumlu adil bir risk paylaşım sistemi, mevcut yapıdaki sistemik risklerin azaltılıp spekülatif balonlara karşı güçlü mukavemet, gerçek finansman modelleri ile toplum yararına ekonomik katkı bunlardan bazılarıdır.

References

  • Abalkhil, W., A., A. (2018). Islamic Finance in Saudi Arabia: Developing the Regulatory Framework. Exeter University.
  • Abdul Ghafar, I. and Karmila Hanim, K. (2010). A note on debt selling and their impact on Islamic bank value. International Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 7(1).
  • Banke, N. K., & Yitayaw, M. K. (2022). Deposit mobilization and its determinants: evidence from commercial banks in Ethiopia. Future Business Journal, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s43093-022-00144-6
  • CBUAE. (2022). Standard Re Liquidity at Islamic Banks | CBUAE Rulebook. Central Bank of The U.A.E. United Arab Emirates. Erişim 12 Eylül 2024. https://rulebook.centralbank.ae/en/rulebook/standard-re-liquidity-islamic-banks
  • Çakmak, C. (2024). Ijarah. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Islamic Finance and Economics (pp. 1–5). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93703-4_148-1
  • Diallo, A. T., & Gundogdu, A. S. (2021). Sustainable development and infrastructure (1st ed.). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67094-8
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2016). Islamic electronic trading platform on organized exchange. Borsa Istanbul Review, 16(4), 249–255. doi: 10.1016/j.bir.2016.06.002
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2018). The Rise of Islamic Finance: 2-Step Murabaha. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 13 (1), 107-130.
  • Gundogdu, A.S. (2019). A Modern Perspective of Islamic Economics and Finance. Emerald Publishing Limited; England. doi: 10.1108/9781789731378
  • Gundogdu, A. S. (2020). Exploring novel Islamic monetary system. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(2), 440–456. doi:10.1108/jiabr-12-2017-0180
  • Hassan, A., & Mollah, S. (2018). Risk management in Islamic financial institutions. In Islamic Finance (pp. 223–230). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91295-0_17
  • Kayhan, O. (2023). Riske Maruz Değer (Var): Kavramsal Gelişim Süreci, Uygulama Ve Değerlendirme. İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi, 9(1), 80-103, https://doi.org.tr/10.54863/jief.1307438.
  • Lahsasna, A., Hassan, M. K., & Ahmad, R. (2018). Introduction to Sukuk. In Forward Lease Sukuk in Islamic Capital Markets (pp. 1–9). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94262-9_1
  • al-Majmūʻah al-shari’ah al-maṣrif al-Rājiḥī. (2010). Qarārāt al-Hayʼah al-shariʻah al-maṣrif al-Rājiḥī. Riyāḍ Dār Kunūz Ishbīliyā.
  • Mohamed, I., Junyuan, A., & Fasaaha, M. (2024). The Application of Service Ijarah in Islamic Finance. International Journal of Management and Applied Research (pp. 80-106).
  • Al-Mubarak, T., & Osmani, N., M. (2010). Applications of Maqasid al- Shari’ah and Maslahah in the Islamic Banking practices : An analysis. International Seminar on Islamic Finance in India, (October), 1-17.
  • Muhammad, M. Z., & Chong, R. (2007). The contract of bay’ Al-Salam and istisna’ in Islamic commercial law: A comparative analysis. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society (LJMS), 1, 21–28. doi:10.51200/ljms.vi.2993
  • Saad, A. A., Ibrahim, U. B., & Napiah, M. D. M. (2016). Murabahah Sukuk structure: The shariah challenges and the way forward. doi:10.13135/2421-2172/1641
  • Watkins, J. S. (2020). The beauty of Islamic finance contracts. In Islamic Finance and Global Capitalism (pp. 55–113). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59840-2_4
  • Yılmaz, O. K. (2023). Orta Asya Hanefî fetva literatürünün gelişimi ve icâre-i tavîle (4/10-6/12. yüzyıllar) (Doktora Tezi). Istanbul University, Istanbul.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Islamic Finance
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Suayb Gundogdu 0000-0002-8910-6690

Hüseyin İçen 0000-0002-3368-3878

Early Pub Date March 17, 2025
Publication Date March 27, 2025
Submission Date October 2, 2024
Acceptance Date January 8, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gundogdu, A. S., & İçen, H. (2025). Islamic Finance Instruments and Systematic Risks: A Call for Financial Framework Reform. Uluslararası İslam Ekonomisi Ve Finansı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.54427/ijisef.1559304

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