Determination of Total Phenol and Flavonoid Amounts and Antioxidant Activity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Flowers Using Different Extraction Solvents

Abstract

Obtaining active components from herbal products by extraction methods is one of the significant processes of nutritional supplements and the pharmaceutical industry. Qualitative and quantitative results of the products derived from plant extraction; It is related to many parameters such as solvent content and molecular structure, solute content and harvest time, ambient temperature, and duration of extraction. In this study, safflower flowers harvested at different periods (one week after the beginning of flowering = HZ1, two weeks after the beginning of flowering = HZ2, three weeks after the beginning of flowering = HZ3) were extracted using different solvents (pure water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone). The changes in the total antioxidant activity (FRAP) and the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid substances in the flowers of different solvents applied to the safflower flowers harvested in three different periods were determined. According to the harvest time, the highest total phenolic substance content (132.30 mg GA/100g) was derived from the 2nd harvest time, while the highest total flavonoid substance amount (19.15 mg QE/100g) and total antioxidant activity (20.30 mg TE/g) were determined from 1. harvest time. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoid substance (32.15 mg QE/100g) was obtained from methanol extraction, the highest amount of phenolic substance (224.05 mg GA/100g), and total antioxidant activity amount (61.25 mg TE/g) were determined from pure water extraction. Harvesting safflower flowers at the beginning of flowering and extracting them with water is important for maximum utilization of safflower flowers.

Keywords

• flavonoid
• Harvest time
• extraction
• Safflower
• phenolic
• antioxidant activity

Farklı Ekstraksiyon Çözücüleri ve Hasat Zamanlarının Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çiçeklerinin Toplam Fenol ve Flavonoid Miktarları ile Antioksidan Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bitkisel ürünlerden aktif bileşenlerin ekstraksiyon yöntemleriyle elde edilmesi, besin takviyeleri ve farmasötik ilaç endüstrisinin önemli süreçlerindendir. Bitki ekstraksiyonunda elde edilen ürünlerin kalitatif ve kantitatif sonuçları; çözücünün içeriği ve moleküler yapısı, çözünen maddenin içeriği ve hasat zamanı, ortam ısısı ve ekstraksiyonun süresi gibi birçok parametre ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada farklı dönemlerde (çiçeklenme başlangıcından bir hafta sonra=HZ1, çiçeklenme başlangıcından iki hafta sonra=HZ2, çiçeklenme başlangıcından üç hafta sonra=HZ3) hasat edilen aspir bitkisi çiçeklerinin farklı çözücüler (saf su, etanol, metanol ve aseton) kullanılarak ekstraksiyonları yapılmıştır. Üç farklı dönemde hasat edilen aspir çiçeklerine uygulanan farklı çözücülerin çiçeklerdeki toplam antioksidan aktivite (FRAP) ile toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde miktarları değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Hasat zamanına göre en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı (132.30 mg GA/100g) ile 2. hasat zamanından elde edilirken, en yüksek toplam flavonoid madde miktarı (19.15 mg QE/100g) ve toplam antioksidan aktivite (20.30 mg TE/g) 1. hasat zamanından tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, en yüksek toplam flavonoid madde miktarı (32.15 mg QE/100g) metanol ektraksiyonundan, en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı (224.05 mg GA/100g) ve toplam antioksidan aktivite miktarı (61.25 mg TE/g) ise saf su ektraksiyonundan belirlenmiştir. Aspir çiçeklerin çiçeklenme başlangıç dönemlerinde hasat edilmesi ve su ile ekstrakte edilmesi aspir çiçeklerinden maksimum düzeyde faydalanılabilirlik için önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Hasat zamanı
• Ekstraksiyon
• Aspir
• fenolik
• flavonoid
• antioksidan aktivite

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