An Investigations of the Possibilities of Air-Based Protein as an Alternative Protein Source

Abstract

Nowadays, the searches on sustainable resources and new alternatives in food industry have become a necessity rather than being a trend research topics. The limited natural resources used in food production and rapid population growth are the main reasons for this situation. At this point, researches on alternative protein source have become extremely important. If current consumption habits and population growth are continued, 110% more protein crops will be needed compared to 2005 to provide sufficient protein sources to the world population in 2050, according to the researches. Access to qualified protein and water resources in the future poses a question mark considering the fact that decrease in agricultural areas, global warming, and as a result of the harmful activities of humans to biodiversity. The single-cell protein (SCP) refers to dried cells of microorganism and also called as bioprotein, microbial protein, or biomass. SCP can be obtained by many different microorganisms such as fungi, yeasts, algae, and bacteria. Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB) come into prominence on SCP production by way of many advantages. Air-based protein (ABP) is an SCP obtained by growing, purifying, and drying of HOB in bioreactors. The obtained biomass is a source of lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in addition to protein. All these reasons point out the potential of ABP as an alternative and sustainable protein source. In this study, besides reviewing of researches on SCP, HOB and ABP, it was aimed to shed light on the potential areas of the ABP usage.

Keywords

• Single cell protein
• hydrogen oxidizing bacteria
• Air-based protein
• Alternative protein sources
• Sustainability

Hava Bazlı Proteinin Alternatif Bir Protein Kaynağı Olarak Kullanım Olanaklarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Günümüzde gıda endüstrisinde sürdürülebilir kaynakların, yeni alternatiflerin arayışı trend araştırma konuları olmaktan çıkarak bir zorunluluk haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Üretimde kullanılan doğal kaynakların sınırlı olması ve hızlı nüfus artışı bu durumun temel nedenleridir. Bu noktada alternatif protein kaynağı araştırmaları son derece önem kazanmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalara göre mevcut tüketim alışkanlıkları ve nüfus artışıyla devam edilirse; 2050 yılına gelindiğinde dünya nüfusuna yeterli protein kaynağının sağlanması için protein mahsüllerinin 2005 yılına göre %110 daha fazlasına ihtiyaç duyulacaktır. Tarımsal alanların azalması, küresel ısınma ve insanların zararlı faliyetleri neticesinde biyoçeşitliliğin zarar gördüğü gerçekleri hesaba katıldığında gelecekte kaliteli protein ve su kaynaklarına erişim bir soru işareti halini almaktadır. Tek hücre proteini (THP); biyoprotein, mikrobiyal protein veya biyokütle olarak adlandırılan kurutulmuş hücre topluluğudur. THP; mantarlar, mayalar, algler ve bakteriler gibi birçok farklı mikroorganizma ile elde edilebilmektedir. Hidrojen oksitleyici bakteriler (HOB) birçok avantajı ile THP üretiminde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Hava bazlı protein (HBP) ise HOB’lerin biyoreaktörlerde çoğaltılıp, saflaştırılıp kurutulması ile elde edilen bir THP’dir. Elde edilen biyokütle, proteine ek olarak lipid, karbonhidrat, vitamin ve mineral kaynağı da sağlamaktadır. Tüm bu sebepler HBP’lerin alternatif, sürdürülebilir bir protein kaynağı olma potansiyeline işaret etmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada; THP, HOB ve HBP hakkında yapılan araştırmalar derlenmiş ve HBP’lerin kullanım potansiyellerine ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir.

Keywords

• Tek hücre proteini
• Hidrojen oksitleyici bakteriler
• Hava bazlı protein
• Alternatif protein kaynakları
• Sürdürülebilirlik

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