Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annus L.) Moleküler Belirteç Çalışmaları

Year 2024, , 133 - 141, 15.08.2024

Rabia Vildan Şahin

https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1436687

Abstract

Helianthus annus L. olarak da bilenen ayçiçeği bitkisi Asteraceae familyasına aittir. Bu familya iki çenekli bitkiler arasında e büyük familyalardan bir tanesidir ve ayçiçeği dünya çapında ekonomik değeri olan bir bitkidir. Yapılan kloroplast DNA analizlerine göre bu cins günümüzden 4.75-22.7 milyon yıl öncesine dayanmaktadır. Ayçiçeği bitkisinin tohumları %18 protein, %15 selüloz, %9 su, %14 mineral maddeler ve karbonhidrat içermektedir. Yağ içeriği ise %36.9’dan %50.2’ye kadar değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu özellikler ayçiçeğini dünyada önemli bir bitki yapmaktadır. Prensip olarak ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde yağ içeriğinin iyileştirilmesi ve hastalıklara karşı dayanıklı bir bitki elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gerek klasik gerekse biyoteknolojik tüm ıslah yöntemleri bu amaçlara katkıda bulunmaya çalışmaktadır. Teknolojinin yardımıyla DNA belirteçleri polimorfizm, genetik akrabalık ve çeşitlilik hakkında faydalı bilgiler sağlamıştır. Islah teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte, özellikle kromozom üzerinde bilinen bir konuma sahip DNA dizisi olan moleküler markörler, yüksek verimli ve dayanıklı bitki elde etme konusunda yeni yaklaşımlar sağlamıştır. Ayçiçeği ekonomik önemi nedeniyle moleküler marker çalışmalarında Asteraceae familyasında model bitki olmuştur. Biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşulları, yağ içeriği ve besin değeri artışı, su tüketimi vb. durumlara karşı birçok moleküler marker çalışması yapılmıştır. Ekonomik değeri göz önüne alındığında bitki üzerinde yapılan mevcut çalışmalar gelecekteki çalışmalara ışık tutacak olup, su tüketimi, hasat verimliliği, zararlılara dayanıklılık gibi birçok verim kriterinde iyileşmeler gözlemlenebilecektir.

Keywords

Helianthus annus L., ayçiçeği, ayçiçeği ıslahı, moleküler belirteçler

Studies of Molecular Marker in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

Abstract

Helianthus annus L., known as sunflower, is belong to Asteraceae family. This family is one of the biggest angiosperm plant families in between dicotyledons and cultivated sunflower is an important oil plant all around the world. Chloroplast DNA analysis reveals that the origin of the genus dates back to 4.75 to 22.7 million years ago. Sunflower seeds contain 18% protein, 15% cellulose, 9% water, 14% minerals and carbohydrates. In general, sunflower seeds contain 35% to 50% oil by weight. The oil content of sunflower had been specified from 36.9% to 50.2%. These features have made sunflower an important plant worldwide. In principle, the breeding of sunflowers aims to improve the oil content and to get a plant resistant to disease. All breeding methods both classical and biotechnological methods try to contribute these aims. With the help of technology DNA markers have provided useful information about polymorphism, genetic relatedness, and diversity. Technology advances in breeding, especially the use of molecular markers, offer new strategies to obtain high-yielding and resistant plants through DNA sequences located at a known location on the chromosome. Sunflower has been a model plant in Asteraceae family in molecular marker studies because of its economic importance. Many molecular marker studies have been conducted against biotic and abiotic stress conditions, increase oil content and nutritional value, and water consumption etc. Considering its economic value, current studies on the plant will shed light on future studies and improvements can be observed in many yield criteria such as water consumption, harvest efficiency, resistance to pests.

Keywords

Helianthus annus L., sunflower, sunflower breeding, molecular markers

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