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Genome-wide Analysis and Characterization of the PlsC (GPAT) Gene Family in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1 , 300 - 311 , 16.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1852099
https://izlik.org/JA59ZA99YK

Abstract

It is known that the glycerol phosphate pathway serves as the fundamental mechanism of triglyceride biosynthesis in many organisms and plays a critical role in the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, in addition to energy production. I In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the PlsC (GPAT) gene family within the Anopheles gambiae genome was conducted for the first time, and 62 distinct PlsC genes were identified from Musca domestica, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Drosophila melanogaster. Through phylogenetic analyses, the evolutionary relationships of PlsC genes in An. gambiae and other insect species were elucidated. Furthermore, the protein structures, chromosomal locations, three-dimensional models, and protein-protein interactions of these genes were investigated. The results indicated that although most proteins were determined to be targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoplasm, or cell membrane, they often lacked distinct organelle targeting signals. Additionally, current findings suggest that the PlsC gene family may play a role in adaptation to environmental stress factors and insecticide tolerance. These comprehensive findings provide significant insights into the evolutionary processes and modifications of the PlsC gene family and contribute to a better understanding of biological processes such as growth, development, and thermal resistance in vector organisms.

References

  • 1. Ranson, H. and N. Lissenden, Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: A worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control. Trends in Parasitology, 2016. 32(3): p. 187-196. Doi:10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.010 2. Ge, X., et al., Projecting the current and future potential global distribution of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) using CLIMEX. Pest Management Science, 2018. 75(1): p. 160-169. Doi:10.1002/ps.5083 3. Kamal, M., et al., Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus under changing climate. PLOS ONE, 2018. 13(12): p. e0210122. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210122 4. Li, C., et al., Potential geographical distribution of Anopheles gambiae worldwide under climate change. Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, 2021. 3(2): p. 125-130. Doi:10.1016/j.jobb.2021.08.004

Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)’de PlsC (GPAT) Gen Ailesinin Genom Çapında Analizi ve Karakterizasyonu

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1 , 300 - 311 , 16.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1852099
https://izlik.org/JA59ZA99YK

Abstract

Gliserol fosfat yolunun, birçok organizmada trigliserid biyosentezinin temel mekanizması olarak görev yaptığı ve enerji üretiminin yanı sıra yağ asitleri ile fosfolipitlerin sentezinde kritik bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Anopheles gambiae genomunda yer alan PlsC (GPAT) gen ailesi ilk kez kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiş; Musca domestica, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus ve Drosophila melanogaster türlerinden toplam 62 farklı PlsC geni tanımlanmıştır.Filogenetik analizler aracılığıyla, An. gambiae ve diğer böcek türlerindeki PlsC genlerinin evrimsel ilişkileri aydınlatılmıştır. Ayrıca bu genlerin protein yapıları, kromozomal konumları, üç boyutlu modelleri ve protein–protein etkileşimleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, proteinlerin çoğunun endoplazmik retikulum, mitokondri, sitoplazma veya hücre zarına yönlendirildiğini, ancak sıklıkla belirgin organel hedefleme sinyallerinden yoksun olduklarını göstermiştir.Buna ek olarak, mevcut bulgular PlsC gen ailesinin çevresel stres faktörlerine adaptasyon ve insektisit toleransı ile ilişkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu kapsamlı sonuçlar, PlsC gen ailesinin evrimsel süreçleri ve geçirdiği değişiklikler hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmakta; vektör organizmalarda büyüme, gelişme ve termal direnç gibi biyolojik süreçlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.

References

  • 1. Ranson, H. and N. Lissenden, Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: A worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control. Trends in Parasitology, 2016. 32(3): p. 187-196. Doi:10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.010 2. Ge, X., et al., Projecting the current and future potential global distribution of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) using CLIMEX. Pest Management Science, 2018. 75(1): p. 160-169. Doi:10.1002/ps.5083 3. Kamal, M., et al., Mapping the global potential distributions of two arboviral vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus under changing climate. PLOS ONE, 2018. 13(12): p. e0210122. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210122 4. Li, C., et al., Potential geographical distribution of Anopheles gambiae worldwide under climate change. Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, 2021. 3(2): p. 125-130. Doi:10.1016/j.jobb.2021.08.004
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seher Öztürk 0009-0001-3373-6175

Murat Turan 0000-0003-2900-1755

Submission Date December 30, 2025
Acceptance Date March 13, 2026
Publication Date April 16, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1852099
IZ https://izlik.org/JA59ZA99YK
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Öztürk S, Turan M (April 1, 2026) Genome-wide Analysis and Characterization of the PlsC (GPAT) Gene Family in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 9 1 300–311.



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