Bitkilerde Aktif Oksijen Türleri ve Oksidatif Stres

Abstract

Aerobik organizmalar için oksijen vazgeçilmez bir moleküldür. Biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörleri altında bitkilerde elektron taşınımı ile ilgili reaksiyonlar aktif oksijen türlerinin oluşum hızını artırır. Bu reaksiyonlarda elektronlar stres faktörlerinin etkisiyle asıl hedef molekül yerine oksijene verilir. Bu şekilde başlayan zincirleme reaksiyonlar bitki dokularında süperoksit radikali, hidrojen peroksit ve hidroksil radikali gibi aktif oksijen türlerinin birikim göstermeye başlamasına yol açar. Antioksidant sistemin yeterince aktive edilememesi durumunda oldukça reaktif olan aktif oksijen türleri hücresel bileşenlere zarar vermeye başlar. Bu olay oksidatif stres olarak bilinir. Aktif oksijen türleri bitki hücrelerindeki birçok organelde oluşabilir. Kloroplastlar bitki hücrelerinde aktif oksijen türlerini oluşturma kapasitesi bakımından en aktif organellerdir. Bunun dışında mitokondriler, peroksizomlar, endoplazmik retikulum gibi organellerle apoplastik bölgede de aktif oksijen oluşumu gözlenir. Stres koşulları altında sekonder bir stres olarak ortaya çıkan oksidatif stres tarımsal verimliliği tehdit eden en önemli faktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu derlemede bitki hücrelerinde aktif oksijen türlerinin oluşumuna neden olan metabolik olaylar, bu bileşiklerin kimyasal özellikleri ve oksidatif hasar oluşturma mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

• Aktif oksijen türleri,Bitki,Oksidatif stress

Active Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Plants

Abstract

Oxygen has been an indispensable molecule for aerobic organisms. The reactions related to electron transport in plants under biotic and abiotic stress factors may cause acceleration of the formation rate of active oxygen species. In these reactions, electrons are delivered to the oxygen instead of main target molecule as the result of stressful conditions. Thus, a chain reaction starts and this leads to the accumulation of the active oxygen species in plant tissues, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. In the case of lower antioxidant activity, active oxygen species begin to be harmful to cell components, which is known as oxidative stress. Active oxygen species may be produced in several cell compartments in plant cells. Chloroplasts, for example, are known to have the highest potential to produce active oxygen species in plant cells. In addition, mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum and apoplast are included in the formation of active oxygen species in plants. Oxidative stress, which appears secondary stress under stressful conditions, has been accepted as the most serious threat for agricultural productivity. In this review, metabolic reactions leading to the formation of active oxygen species in plants, the chemistry of these reactive compounds and their mechanism to produce oxidative stress are discussed.

Keywords

• Active oxygen species,Plant,oxidative stress

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