Biberlerde Türler Arası Melezleme

Abstract

Türler arası melezleme doğada yeni türlerin ortaya çıkmasında sıklıkla rastlanılan bir durumdur. Helianthus, Triticum, Brassica gibi cinsler içerisindeki türlerde sıklıkla görülen melezlemeler sonucunda doğal olarak kromozom sayıları da katlanmış olan melez türler ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer birçok tür açısından ise doğada türler arası melezleme çok sık karşılaşılan bir durum değildir. Patlıcangiller familyasının bir üyesi olan biberlerde doğal ortamda türler arası melezleme rastlanılan bir durum olmamakla birlikte, türler arası melezlerin üstün özelliklerinden faydalanabilmek amacıyla ıslahçılar tarafından türler arası melezleme çalışmaları yapılmaktadır. Özellikle kök çürüklüğü hastalığı başta olmak üzere, verim artışı sağlamak, abiyotik ve biyotik stres faktörlerine dayanımı arttırmak, anaç olarak kullanılabilecek çeşitler geliştirmek ve çeşitlerin sağlık açısından kalitesini arttırmak için türler arası melezlemelerden elde edilecek bilgi ve veriler çok önemlidir. Ülkemizde biberde türler arası melezleme konusunda çalışmalar ise yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu sebeple bu derleme ile biberde türler arası melezleme konusunda yapılan çalışmalar ışığında konunun önemine dikkat çekilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Keywords

• biber ıslahı
• Capsicum spp.
• türler arası melezleme

Interspecific Hybridization in Pepper Species

Abstract

Interspecific hybridization is a common situation in the emergence of new species in natural flora. As a result of crosses frequently seen in species in the genus such as Helianthus, Triticum, Brassica, hybrid species, whose chromosome numbers are also doubled, naturally emerged. In terms of many other species, interspecific hybridization is not very common in crossing of nature flora. In pepper, which is a member of the Solanaceaous family, interspecific hybridization studies are carried out by breeders to benefit from the superior properties of interspecific crosses. The information and data to be obtained from interspecific crosses are very important to increase yield, increase resistance to abiotic and biotic stress factors, to develop varieties that can be used as rootstocks and to improve the quality of the cultivars, especially root rot disease. In our country, studies on interspecific hybridization in pepper are almost nonexistent. For this reason, with this review, it is aimed to draw attention to the importance of the subject in the light of previous studies on interspecific hybridization in pepper.

Keywords

• Capsicum spp.
• Pepper breeding
• interspecific hybridization

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