Antarctica: A review of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Researches

Abstract

Antarctica is the last discovered by humans on earth, the highest, the coldest, the driest and the lowest populated continent. At the same time, approximately 70% of the usable fresh water reserves of the earth are in this continent in ice form. With these features, it has continued to live with natural selection, even though there is no human life, from the past to the present. Antarctica is like a unique laboratory for scientists whose borders are the entire continent, with its natural habitats. In Antarctica, there are a small number of animal and plant species specific to the continent, as well as various algae, lichen and microorganism species. Today's scientists are searching for a solution to current problems such as global warming and environmental problems by doing research on these living forms. Researches have been carried out with some species, enzymes and genes isolated from the continent in different areas such as biological control, biotechnology etc. In this study, life sciences and biotechnology researches in Antarctica have been reviewed.

Keywords

• Antarctic biodiversity
• Psychrotolerant bacteria
• Antarctic.
• Polar algae

Antarktika: Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji Araştırmalarının Gözden Geçirilmesi

Abstract

Yeryüzünde insanlar tarafından en son keşfedilen, en yüksek, en soğuk, en kurak ve nufüs yoğunluğu en az olan kıta Antarktika’dır. Aynı zamanda yeryüzünün kullanılabilen tatlı su kaynaklarının yaklaşık % 70’i buz halinde bu kıtada bulunmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle geçmişten günümüze insan eli değmeden, insan yaşamı olmadığı halde canlı yaşama doğal seleksiyon ile devam etmiştir. Antarktika, üzerinde barındırdığı doğal yaşam habitatlarıyla, bilim insanları için sınırları tüm kıta olan eşsiz bir laboratuvar gibidir. Antarktika’da az sayıda olmakla birlikte kıtaya özgü olan hayvan ve bitki türleri ile çeşitli alg, liken ve mikroorganizma türleri bulunmaktadır. Günümüz bilim insanları bu canlı formları üzerinde araştırmalar yaparak, küresel ısınma ve çevre problemleri gibi güncel sorunlara bir çözüm aramaktadırlar. Kıtadan izole edilen bazı türler, enzimler ve genlerle başta biyolojik kontrol olmak üzere biyoteknoloji ve birbirinden farklı alanlarda çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Antarktika’da yaşam bilimleri ve biyoteknoloji araştırmaları gözden geçirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Antarktika
• Antarktika biyoçeşitliliği
• Psikrotolerant bakteri
• Kutup algleri

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