Plant Disease Resistance Proteins: R-gene Products as Immune Defense Molecules

Abstract

Disease resistance-related R genes encoding NBS-LRR proteins are functional in systemic acquired immunity, briefly referred as ETI, in plant pathology. Upon infection of pathogens at first stage of plant immune responses, if plant pathogens subvert PTI immunity that activated by cell membrane surface receptor, then ETI immunity is initiated the relay to second step of defense. Also when pathogen effectors are directly translocated into cell cytoplasm across host membranes where can be faced with plant R proteins, ETI immunity develops faster and stronger than PTI efficacy. A great number of pathogen effectors are directly or indirectly reacted with R-gene proteins in similar to epitope-paratope structural interaction. With what kind of mechanisms do the plants that show similar immune responses to all known biotic agents recognize the effectors of a wide variety of pathogenic organisms? However many approaches are available involved in molecular mechanisms of intracellular pattern-recognition receptors in plants, findings for each mechanism have been obtained from specific workings of personally researchers. It is not known how many different strategy models prevailing in molecular interaction of a wide variety of effector-receptor recognition are functional. So in the presented review article is focused just to molecular mechanism kinds of physical connection between many different effectors and intracellular receptors.

Keywords

• Proteins related with plant disease resistance
• R-gene proteins
• Effector-receptor interactions
• NB-LRR proteins

Bitki Hastalık Dayanıklılık Proteinleri; İmmün Savunma Molekülleri Olarak R-gen Ürünleri

Abstract

Çoğu bitkinin NBS-LRR proteinlerini kodlayan hastalık dayanıklılığı ile ilgili R genleri, sistemik olarak kazanılmış immünitede işlevseldir, kısaca ETI olarakta bilinir. Patojen organizmalar hücre yüzey reseptörleri ile harekete geçirilen PTI immüniteyi bertaraf ettikten sonra, daha sonraki aşamada ETI immünite aktif hale geçmektedir. Aynı zamanda patojen organizmaların efektörleri direkt sitoplazmaya ulaşınca, efektörleri tanıyan R proteinleri aracılığı ile PTI’nin etkisinden daha hızlı ve güçlü bir ETI immün tepki gelişmektedir. Patojen efektörlerinin çoğu, epitop-paratop ilişkisindeki yapısal interaksiyona benzer şekilde direkt veya indirekt olarak R-gen proteinleri ile reaksiyona girerler. Bilinen bütün biyotik ajentlere benzer immün tepki veren bitkiler ne tür mekanizmalarla çok çeşitli patojenik organizmaların efektörlerini tanımaktadır? Ancak bitkilerdeki hücre içi örnek-tanıma reseptörlerinin moleküler mekanizmalarıyla ilgili birçok yaklaşım mevcut olmakla beraber, her mekanizmaya ait sonuçlar, kişisel olarak araştırmacıların kendi özel çalışmalarından elde edilmiştir. Çok çeşitli efektör-reseptör tanımanın moleküler interaksiyonunda geçerli olan toplam kaç farklı strateji modelinin işlevsel olduğu bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle sunulan derlemede, birçok farklı efektörler ile intraselüler reseptörleri arasındaki fiziki bağlantının moleküler mekanizma çeşitlerine odaklanılmıştır.

Keywords

• Bitki hastalık dayanıklılığıyla ilgili proteinler
• R-gen proteinleri
• Efektör-reseptör interaksiyonları
• NB-LRR proteinleri

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