Prevalence of Edwardsiella ictaluri in cage cultured Pangasius spp in Pahang River and their risk factors

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 37 - 45, 15.04.2024

Amira Syahidah Nordın , Nur Nazifah Mansor , Rimatulhana Ramly , Asnor Sabuti , Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim

https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1414371

Abstract

Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is a native species to most Asian countries, including Malaysia which faced series of bacterial disease such as edwardsiellosis caused by E.ictaluri. Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen which had caused mortalities in farmed or wild fish in lots of countries and accountable for large economic losses. This study was conducted to determine disease status of Pangasius spp due to Edwardsiella ictaluri and to determine the risk factors of E.ictaluri in striped catfish in Pahang River, Malaysia. Four sampling sites were chosen, two sites in Pekan (Kampung Belimbing and Kampung Tanjung Pulai) and two sites in Temerloh (Kampung Teluk Ira and Kampung Bintang). Thirty samples were collected from each farm for 6 months consecutively and four organ tissues were taken which were liver, spleen, kidney, and brain. External and internal clinical signs were recorded accordingly. DNA was extracted from all tissues and pursued for PCR to detect the presence of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Results show that the infected fish has gross internal clinical signs such as patchy liver, white nodular spleen, and congested kidney. The prevalence rate of E.ictaluri was highest at Kampung Tanjung Pulai in June with 16.67% compared to all farms. No infection of E.ictaluri shown at Kampung Belimbing during the whole sampling session. Spearman’s rho correlation showed that the prevalence of E.ictaluri has strong correlation with temperature in Kampung Tanjung Pulai (ρ > 0.7). Meanwhile those bacteria prevalence have strong relationship with ammonia, sulfide and total suspended solid (TSS) with ρ > 0.5. The susceptible size for this bacterium in striped catfish is between 1 to 50g and 150g to 200g. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report for Edwardsiella ictaluri in cage cultured P.hypophthalmus in Pahang River, Malaysia.

Keywords

Prevalence, Edwardsiella ictaluri, risk factor, PCR, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Ethical Statement

The Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DoF) National Fish Health Research Centre (NaFish) trained fisheries research officers and students completed all processes and operations. The Department of Fisheries Malaysia, which withstands the position of the government body in charge of the fisheries industry in Malaysia, created a standard operating procedures for the handling and sampling of fish which was applied accordingly in all procedures to meet its established standards.

Supporting Institution

International Islamic University Malaysia and Department of Fisheries Malaysia

Thanks

This study is funded by Department of Fisheries Malaysia in collaboration with Department of Marine Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia.

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