Extraction and Comparison of Limonene Contents of Wastes in Citrus Species for Reuse

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 85 - 93, 15.08.2025

Tuğba Pelin Toker , Mariem Bouali , Mustafa Hamza Mawlood Al Bayatı , Mehmet Fatih Cengiz

https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1596068

Abstract

Identification and extraction of limonene in fruits of the genus Citrus L. which has several medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial properties, is crucial for reusing fruit wastes after they have been processed into fruit juice. The aims of the current study are therefore (i) to compare limonene contents in different fractions such as peels, pulps and juices of citrus species including orange (C. cinensis L.), lemon [C. limon (L.) Osbeck], grapefruit [C. paradisi (L.) Macfad.] and tangerine (C. tangerina Tanaka)), (ii) to extract limonene from the most abundant fraction of selected citrus species and (iii) to optimize the extraction parameters of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SFC) extraction system. The limonene contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and extraction conditions of SFC were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The highest limonene content was determined in the peel fraction of the lemon. The limonene was found to be

Keywords

Citrus , Extraction , HPLC , Limonene , Optimization

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 1919B0121024

Narenciye Türlerindeki Atıkların Limonen İçeriklerinin Yeniden Kullanım Amaçlı Ekstraksiyonu ve Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Citrus L. cinsine ait meyvelerde bulunan ve çeşitli tıbbi, kozmetik ve endüstriyel özelliklere sahip olan limonenin tanımlanması ve ekstraksiyonu, meyve sularına dönüştürüldükten sonra meyve atıklarının yeniden kullanımı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları ise şunlardır: (i) portakal (C. sinensis L.), limon [C. limon (L.) Osbeck], greyfurt [C. paradisi (L.) Macfad.] ve mandalina (C. tangerina Tanaka) gibi turunçgil türlerinin kabuk, posa ve meyve suyu gibi farklı fraksiyonlarındaki limonen içeriklerini karşılaştırmak, (ii) seçilen turunçgil türlerinin en bol bulunan fraksiyonlarından limoneni ekstrakte etmek ve (iii) süperkritik sıvı karbondioksit (SFC) ekstraksiyon sisteminin parametrelerini optimize etmektir. Limonen içerikleri yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve SFC ekstraksiyon koşulları Yüzey Yanıt Metodolojisi (RSM) ile optimize edilmiştir. En yüksek limonen içeriği limonun kabuk fraksiyonunda tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen tüm meyve sularında limonen içeriği

Keywords

Citrus , Extraction , HPLC , Limonene , Optimization

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 1919B0121024

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