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Pandemi Tedbirlerine ve Aşılama Politikalarına Uyum: Hofstede’in Kültürel Değerler Teorisi Üzerinden Bir Araştırma

Year 2022, , 180 - 197, 25.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1125060

Abstract

Devlet ve halk sağlığı uygulayıcıları pandemiyle mücadelede çeşitli kısıtlamalar uygulamış ve aşılamaya dair faaliyetler yürütmüştür. Bu politikalara bazı bireyler hızlı uyum gösterirken bazıları ise uyum göstermekten kaçınmışlardır. Bu durum, devletlerin ve halk sağlığı uygulayıcılarının zorlayıcı tedbirler almasına yol açmıştır. Zorlayıcı tedbirlere uyum noktasında ortaya çıkan farklılıklar, sebebinin araştırılmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Bu çerçevede “bireysel kültürel değerler, bireylerin pandemi tedbirlerine uyum davranışlarını nasıl etkiler?" sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Hofstede’in kültürel değerler teorisinin alt boyutlarından belirsizlikten kaçınma ve kolektivist-bireycilik boyutları ele alınarak, kolektivist bireylerin ve belirsizlikten kaçınan bireylerin aşılama politikası ve pandemi tedbirlerine davranışlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Isparta il merkezinde yaşayan 18 yaş üstü bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 300 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Kolektivizm ve belirsizlikten kaçınma pandemi tedbirlerine uyumu etkilemiştir.

References

  • AFS. (2012). Hofstede’in kültürel boyutlar teorisi. Intercultural Link, 1-5.
  • Akalın, D. (2018). Örnek araştırmalarıyla sosyal bilimlerde araştırma tekniği anket. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Almutairi, A.F., Bani, M. A, Alessa, Y.M, Almutairi, S.B, & Almaleh, Y. (2020). Public trust and compliance with the precautionary measures against covıd-19 employed by authorities in Saudi Arabia. Risk Management Health Policy, 13, 753-760.
  • Ataman, K., Bozkurt, V., Göka, E., İlhan, N.M., Yıldırım, N., Çiftçi, E., Liman, U., & Vuran, B. (2021). Covid-19 küresel salgınının toplumsal etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 235-248.
  • Bavel, J.J., V., Baicker, B., Boggio, S.P., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M.,…Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support covıd-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4 (5): 460–71.
  • Biddlestone, M., Green, R.., & Douglas, K.M. (2020). Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID-19. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59 (2020), 663-673.
  • Carlucci, L., D’Ambrosio, I., & Balsamo, M. (2020). Demographic and attitudinal factors of adherence to quarantine guidelines during covıd-19: the ıtalian model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559288
  • Capraro, V., & Barcelo, H. (2020). The effect of messaging and gender on intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID-19 transmission. Arxiv. 1-22.
  • Dragano, N. (2021). Occupational inequalities during the pandemic: epidemiological evidence. European Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 22.
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Becher, M., Brouard, S., & Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(44), 27285–27291. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Haischer, M., Beilfuss, N.R., Hart, R.M. Opielinski, L., Schmit, E., Wrucke, D.,… Hunter, K.S. (2021). Who was wearing a mask in 2021? Update on gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic, Medrxiv, 1-17.
  • Han, L., Wang, R., & Siau, K. (2020). Effects of national culture on covıd-19 pandemic control and management. 41st International Conference on Information Systems, 1.
  • Harknett, K.W., & Schneider, D. (2021). Inequalities at work and the toll of covıd-19. Health Affairs, 1-6.
  • Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1984). Hofstede’s culture dimensions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(4), 417–433. doi:10.1177/0022002184015004003
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, ınstitutions, and organizations across nations, Second Edition, London: Sage Publication.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: the hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1-26.
  • Huynh T. (2020). Does culture matter social distancing under the COVID-19 pandemic?. Safety Science, 130, 104872. Jiang, S., Wei, Q., & Zhang, L. (2021). Individualism vs. collectivism and the early-stage transmission of Covıd-19. 21 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3646229 adresinden erişildi.
  • Karaca, Ş., & Gümüş, N. (2018). Kültür ve tüketim. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Kaya, E., Güngör, S., & Erdoğan, E. (2021). Sağlıkta eşitsizlik bağlamında covid-19 pandemisinin toplumsal yansımaları. International Journal of Health Sociology, 1(1), 34-51.
  • Kılıç: (2016). Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficient. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47-48.
  • Kochkina, N., & Riccardi, M. (2021). How covid-19 pandemic reshaped cultural environment in Italy and Ukraine: facebook content analysis. Jurnal The Messenger, 13, 194.
  • Liu, J., Tong, Y., Li, S., Tian, Z., He, L., & Zheng, J. (2022). Compliance with COVID-19-preventive behaviours among employees returning to work in the post-epidemic period. BMC Public Health, 22, 369.
  • Lu, G. J., Jin, P., & English, S.A. (2021). Collectivism predicts mask use during covıd-19 proceedings of the national academy of sciences. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (23), 1-8.
  • Maaravi, Y., Levy, A., Gur, T., Confino, D., & Segal: (2021), The tragedy of the commons”: How ındividualism and collectivism affected the spread of the covıd-19 pandemic. Brıef Research Report Article, 9, 1-6.
  • Malhotra, M., & Gaur, M. (2020). Application of Hofstede's model to study the role of ındian culture for sustenance during covıd-19. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 961-977.
  • Mayer, J. D., Schintler, L. A., & Bledsoe: (2020). Culture, freedom, and the spread of covid‐19: do some societies and political systems have national anti‐bodies?. World Medical & Health Policy, 12(4), 498–511.
  • Mendez, R.J. (2021). Explaining people’s worry levels during the covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of socio-economic and cultural dimensions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-13.
  • Meulenaer, S., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2015). Have no fear: how ındividuals differing in uncertainty avoidance, anxiety, and chance belief process health risk messages. Journal of Advertising, 44(2), 114–125.
  • Murphy, K., Williamson, H., Sargeant, E., & McCarthy, M. (2020). Why people comply with Covid-19 social distancing restrictions: Self-interest or duty?. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 477-496.
  • Nayak, M., & Sharada, G., A. (2012). Socıo-cultural perspectıves on health and ıllness 1 2 3. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 2(3), 61-67.
  • Nivette, A., Ribeaud, D., Murray, A., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Hepp, U.,…Eisner, M. (2021). Non-compliance with Covıd-19-related public health measures among young adults in Switzerland: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113370.
  • Once, S., & Almagtome, A. (2014). The relatıonshıp between hofstede’s natıonal culture values and corporate envıronmental dısclosure: an ınternatıonal perspective. Research Journal of Business and Management, 1(3), 279-304.
  • Paramita, W., Rostiani, R., Winahjoe, S., Wibowo, A., Virgosita, R., & Audita, H. (2021). Explaining the voluntary compliance to covıd-19 measures: an extrapolation on the gender perspective. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 1–18.
  • Papageorge, N. W., Zahn, M. V., Belot, M., van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Choi, S., Jamison, J. C., & Tripodi, E. (2021). Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of population economics, 34(2), 691–738.
  • Prevedouros, P. (2020). US reliance on mass transit explains a big part of the epidemic. 22 Şubat 2022 tarhinde https://www.civilbeat.org/2020/04/us-reliance-on-mass-transit-explains-a-big-part-of-the-epidemic/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Pogrebna, G., Alexander A. & Kharlamov. (2020). The ımpact of cross-cultural differences in handwashing patterns on the covıd-19 outbreak magnitude. ResearchGate, 1-10.
  • Rathgeber, E. M., & Vlassoff, C. (1993). Gender and tropical diseases: A new research focus. Social Science & Medicine, 37(4), 513–520.
  • Saran, M., & Bitirim: (2012). Hofstede’in kültürel boyutlar kuramına göre kültürlerarası farklılıkların yönetiminde halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim. Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri ve Toplumsal Dönüşüm-II. Uluslararası İletişim Sempozyumu, 1084-1097.
  • Saylık, A. (2019). Hofstede’in kültür boyutları ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması; geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 1860-1881.
  • Türker, N., & Karadağ, D. (2020). Kültürel farklılıklar: Hofstede’in kültürel boyutları üzerine Trabzon ve Şanlıurfa illerinde bir uygulama. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (61), 271-295.
  • Voegel, W., & Wachsman, Y. (2021). The effect of culture in containing a pandemic: the case of Covıd-19, Journal of Risk Research, 1-11

Adaptation to Pandemic Measures and Vaccination Policies: A Study on Hofstede's Theory of Cultural Values

Year 2022, , 180 - 197, 25.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1125060

Abstract

Government and public health practitioners have implemented various restrictions and carried out activities related to vaccination in the fight against the pandemic. While some individuals quickly adapt to these policies, others refrain from complying. This has led states and public health practitioners to take coercive measures. Differences in compliance with coercive measures necessitated the investigation of the cause. In this context, an answer was sought to the question “How do individual cultural values affect the adaptation behavior of individuals to pandemic measures?” By considering the sub-dimensions of Hofstede's theory of cultural values, uncertainty avoidance and collectivist-individualism, the behavior of collectivist individuals and individuals who avoid uncertainty towards vaccination policy and pandemic measures. The universe of the study consists of individuals over the age of 18 living in the city center of Isparta 300 people were reached by using the easy sampling method Collectivism and avoidance of uncertainty affected compliance with pandemic measures.

References

  • AFS. (2012). Hofstede’in kültürel boyutlar teorisi. Intercultural Link, 1-5.
  • Akalın, D. (2018). Örnek araştırmalarıyla sosyal bilimlerde araştırma tekniği anket. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Almutairi, A.F., Bani, M. A, Alessa, Y.M, Almutairi, S.B, & Almaleh, Y. (2020). Public trust and compliance with the precautionary measures against covıd-19 employed by authorities in Saudi Arabia. Risk Management Health Policy, 13, 753-760.
  • Ataman, K., Bozkurt, V., Göka, E., İlhan, N.M., Yıldırım, N., Çiftçi, E., Liman, U., & Vuran, B. (2021). Covid-19 küresel salgınının toplumsal etkileri. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 235-248.
  • Bavel, J.J., V., Baicker, B., Boggio, S.P., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M.,…Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support covıd-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4 (5): 460–71.
  • Biddlestone, M., Green, R.., & Douglas, K.M. (2020). Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID-19. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59 (2020), 663-673.
  • Carlucci, L., D’Ambrosio, I., & Balsamo, M. (2020). Demographic and attitudinal factors of adherence to quarantine guidelines during covıd-19: the ıtalian model. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559288
  • Capraro, V., & Barcelo, H. (2020). The effect of messaging and gender on intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID-19 transmission. Arxiv. 1-22.
  • Dragano, N. (2021). Occupational inequalities during the pandemic: epidemiological evidence. European Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 22.
  • Galasso, V., Pons, V., Profeta, P., Becher, M., Brouard, S., & Foucault, M. (2020). Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(44), 27285–27291. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012520117
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Haischer, M., Beilfuss, N.R., Hart, R.M. Opielinski, L., Schmit, E., Wrucke, D.,… Hunter, K.S. (2021). Who was wearing a mask in 2021? Update on gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic, Medrxiv, 1-17.
  • Han, L., Wang, R., & Siau, K. (2020). Effects of national culture on covıd-19 pandemic control and management. 41st International Conference on Information Systems, 1.
  • Harknett, K.W., & Schneider, D. (2021). Inequalities at work and the toll of covıd-19. Health Affairs, 1-6.
  • Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1984). Hofstede’s culture dimensions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(4), 417–433. doi:10.1177/0022002184015004003
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, ınstitutions, and organizations across nations, Second Edition, London: Sage Publication.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: the hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1-26.
  • Huynh T. (2020). Does culture matter social distancing under the COVID-19 pandemic?. Safety Science, 130, 104872. Jiang, S., Wei, Q., & Zhang, L. (2021). Individualism vs. collectivism and the early-stage transmission of Covıd-19. 21 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3646229 adresinden erişildi.
  • Karaca, Ş., & Gümüş, N. (2018). Kültür ve tüketim. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Kaya, E., Güngör, S., & Erdoğan, E. (2021). Sağlıkta eşitsizlik bağlamında covid-19 pandemisinin toplumsal yansımaları. International Journal of Health Sociology, 1(1), 34-51.
  • Kılıç: (2016). Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficient. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47-48.
  • Kochkina, N., & Riccardi, M. (2021). How covid-19 pandemic reshaped cultural environment in Italy and Ukraine: facebook content analysis. Jurnal The Messenger, 13, 194.
  • Liu, J., Tong, Y., Li, S., Tian, Z., He, L., & Zheng, J. (2022). Compliance with COVID-19-preventive behaviours among employees returning to work in the post-epidemic period. BMC Public Health, 22, 369.
  • Lu, G. J., Jin, P., & English, S.A. (2021). Collectivism predicts mask use during covıd-19 proceedings of the national academy of sciences. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (23), 1-8.
  • Maaravi, Y., Levy, A., Gur, T., Confino, D., & Segal: (2021), The tragedy of the commons”: How ındividualism and collectivism affected the spread of the covıd-19 pandemic. Brıef Research Report Article, 9, 1-6.
  • Malhotra, M., & Gaur, M. (2020). Application of Hofstede's model to study the role of ındian culture for sustenance during covıd-19. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 961-977.
  • Mayer, J. D., Schintler, L. A., & Bledsoe: (2020). Culture, freedom, and the spread of covid‐19: do some societies and political systems have national anti‐bodies?. World Medical & Health Policy, 12(4), 498–511.
  • Mendez, R.J. (2021). Explaining people’s worry levels during the covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of socio-economic and cultural dimensions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-13.
  • Meulenaer, S., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2015). Have no fear: how ındividuals differing in uncertainty avoidance, anxiety, and chance belief process health risk messages. Journal of Advertising, 44(2), 114–125.
  • Murphy, K., Williamson, H., Sargeant, E., & McCarthy, M. (2020). Why people comply with Covid-19 social distancing restrictions: Self-interest or duty?. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 477-496.
  • Nayak, M., & Sharada, G., A. (2012). Socıo-cultural perspectıves on health and ıllness 1 2 3. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 2(3), 61-67.
  • Nivette, A., Ribeaud, D., Murray, A., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Hepp, U.,…Eisner, M. (2021). Non-compliance with Covıd-19-related public health measures among young adults in Switzerland: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113370.
  • Once, S., & Almagtome, A. (2014). The relatıonshıp between hofstede’s natıonal culture values and corporate envıronmental dısclosure: an ınternatıonal perspective. Research Journal of Business and Management, 1(3), 279-304.
  • Paramita, W., Rostiani, R., Winahjoe, S., Wibowo, A., Virgosita, R., & Audita, H. (2021). Explaining the voluntary compliance to covıd-19 measures: an extrapolation on the gender perspective. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 1–18.
  • Papageorge, N. W., Zahn, M. V., Belot, M., van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Choi, S., Jamison, J. C., & Tripodi, E. (2021). Socio-demographic factors associated with self-protecting behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of population economics, 34(2), 691–738.
  • Prevedouros, P. (2020). US reliance on mass transit explains a big part of the epidemic. 22 Şubat 2022 tarhinde https://www.civilbeat.org/2020/04/us-reliance-on-mass-transit-explains-a-big-part-of-the-epidemic/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Pogrebna, G., Alexander A. & Kharlamov. (2020). The ımpact of cross-cultural differences in handwashing patterns on the covıd-19 outbreak magnitude. ResearchGate, 1-10.
  • Rathgeber, E. M., & Vlassoff, C. (1993). Gender and tropical diseases: A new research focus. Social Science & Medicine, 37(4), 513–520.
  • Saran, M., & Bitirim: (2012). Hofstede’in kültürel boyutlar kuramına göre kültürlerarası farklılıkların yönetiminde halkla ilişkiler ve iletişim. Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri ve Toplumsal Dönüşüm-II. Uluslararası İletişim Sempozyumu, 1084-1097.
  • Saylık, A. (2019). Hofstede’in kültür boyutları ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması; geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 8(3), 1860-1881.
  • Türker, N., & Karadağ, D. (2020). Kültürel farklılıklar: Hofstede’in kültürel boyutları üzerine Trabzon ve Şanlıurfa illerinde bir uygulama. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (61), 271-295.
  • Voegel, W., & Wachsman, Y. (2021). The effect of culture in containing a pandemic: the case of Covıd-19, Journal of Risk Research, 1-11
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Kaya 0000-0002-1401-9947

Sümeyye Güngör 0000-0002-6543-2467

Publication Date September 25, 2022
Submission Date June 2, 2022
Acceptance Date August 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kaya, E., & Güngör, S. (2022). Pandemi Tedbirlerine ve Aşılama Politikalarına Uyum: Hofstede’in Kültürel Değerler Teorisi Üzerinden Bir Araştırma. International Journal of Management and Administration, 6(12), 180-197. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.1125060

Dergide aşağıdaki alanların kapsamına giren nitelikli çalışmalar yayımlanabilir;

İşletme, İktisat, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, Maliye, Kamu Yönetimi ve Siyaset Bilimi, Ekonometri, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri, Eğitim Yönetimi, Sağlık Yönetimi, Turizm Yönetimi, Havacılık Yönetimi, Denizcilik İşletmeleri Yönetimi, Mühendislik ve Teknoloji Yönetimi, Enerji Yönetimi, Lojistik Yönetimi, Çevre Yönetimi, Medya ve İletişim Yönetimi, Afet Yönetimi, Multidisipliner Yönetim ve Ekonomi Çalışmaları.

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