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THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ON SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING: A STUDY FROM TURKEY

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 245 - 259, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.763064

Abstract

Purpose of this study is to examine effects of psychological capital on subjective well-being. Data is collected through an online survey using convenience method for sampling. 409 respondents who filled forms completely are chosen among 420 total respondents. Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) developed by Luthans et. al (2007a) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) is used to measure concepts. After conducting reliability analyses to the variables, correlation, multiple regression analyses and independent sample t-test analyses are conducted to test research hypotheses. Findings indicate that all dimensions of PsyCap construct has significant and positive effect on subjective well-being. Among four, hope is founded to have the strongest effect on the dependent variable. Results suggest statistically significant differences between single and married participants in terms of subjective well-being. On the other hand, no statistically significant subjective well-being differences found between male and female participants. Implications of the results are discussed and future research areas are suggested.

References

  • Adams, V. H., Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., King, E. A., Sigmon, D. R., & Pulvers, K. M. (2003). Hope in the workplace. In R. Giacolone & C. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp.367–377). New York: Sharpe.
  • Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(2), 173-191.
  • Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., Smith, R. M., & Palmer, N. F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 17.
  • Avolio, B. J. (1999). Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. B. Bakker, A., Shimazu, A., Demerouti, E., Shimada, K. andKawakami, N. (2014), "Work engagement versus workaholism: a test of the spillover-crossover model", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 63-80.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bentham, J. (1970). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), ed. by J. H Burns and HLA Hart, London.
  • Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of public economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.
  • Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine.
  • Bryant, F. B., & Cvengros, J. A. (2004). Distinguishing hope and optimism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 273–302.
  • ÇANKAYA, Ö. G. D. Z. C. (2008). Bazı insanlar neden daha mutludur? Öznel iyi olma sürecinde psikolojik ihtiyaçların rolü. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(13), 29-36.
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Carifio, J., & Rhodes, L. (2002). Construct validities and empirical relationships between optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Work, 19, 125–136.
  • Coutu, D.L. (2002) How Resilience Works, Harvard Business Review, 80, 46-55.
  • Çetin, F., H.N. Basım (2011) Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın İş Tatmini ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Tutumlarındaki Rolü, Iş Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 13(3), 79-94.
  • Çetin, F., & Basım, H. N. (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
  • Çetin, F., Hazır, K., & Basım, H. (2013). Destekleyici örgüt kültürü ile örgütsel psikolojik sermaye etkileşimi: Kontrol odağının aracılık rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 31-52.
  • Davidson, K., & Prkachin, K. (1997). Optimism and unrealistic optimism have an interacting impact on health-promoting behavior and knowledge changes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 617–625.
  • Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). Bias in mood recall in happy and unhappy persons. In 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute?. Social indicators research, 28(3), 195-223.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social indicators research, 31(2), 103-157.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55(1), 34.
  • Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). 11 personality and subjective well-being. Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology, 213.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276.
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handbook of positive psychology, 2, 63-73.
  • Doğan, T., ve Çötok, N. A. (2011), Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 165-170.
  • Gaygisiz, E. (2010). Economic and cultural correlates of subjective well-being in countries using data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Psychological reports, 106(3), 949-963.
  • Gomez, V., Krings, F., Bangerter, A., & Grob, A. (2009). The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective. Journal of Research in Personality,43(3), 345-354.
  • Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. Psychological reports, 105(1), 205-231.
  • Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268.
  • Hills, P. ve Argyle, M. (2002), The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 33, 1073–1082.
  • Huey, S. J., Jr., & Weisz, J. R. (1997). Ego control, ego resiliency, and the five-factor model as predictors of behavioral and emotional problems in clinic-referred children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 404–415.
  • Hunter,A.J., & Chandler,G.E. (1999). Adolescent resilience. Image : Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31, 243–247.
  • Jensen, S. M., & Luthans, F. (2002). The impact of hope in the entrepreneurial process: Exploratory research findings. In Decision Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings. San Diego, CA.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme Ve Türk Hanehalkı İçin Bazı Sonuçlar. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(44).
  • Kok, L., Ho, M., Heng, B., & Ong, Y. (1990). A psychological study of high risk subjects for AIDS. Singapore Medical Journal, 31, 573–582.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (pp. 150-153). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Luthans, F. (2002a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695–706.
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  • Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1, 304–322.
  • Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 33, p. 143-160.
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PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE'DEN BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 245 - 259, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.763064

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik sermayenin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak internet üzerinden anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Toplam 420 kişiye ulaşılmış, bunlardan 409 kişi seçilmiştir. Psikolojik sermayenin ölçümü için Luthans vd. tarafından geliştirilen PCQ ölçeği (2007a), öznel iyi oluşun ölçümü için Hills ve Argyle tarafından 2002 yılında geliştirilen Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma değişkenlerine güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış ve güvenilir oldukları tespit edilen faktörler kullanılarak korelasyon, çoklu doğrusal regresyon ve bağımsız gruplar t test analizleri ile araştırmanın hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, psikolojik sermayenin tüm alt boyutlarının öznel iyi oluş üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü etkisinin bulunduğunu, umut değişkeninin en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca öznel iyi oluş düzeyinin cinsiyet ve medeni durum değişkenleri bakımından farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Öznel iyi oluş düzeyinin cinsiyet bakımından farklılık göstermediği, medeni durum açısından ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunduğu, evlilerin bekârlara göre öznel iyi oluş seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları sonuç bölümünde tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Adams, V. H., Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., King, E. A., Sigmon, D. R., & Pulvers, K. M. (2003). Hope in the workplace. In R. Giacolone & C. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp.367–377). New York: Sharpe.
  • Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(2), 173-191.
  • Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., Smith, R. M., & Palmer, N. F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 17.
  • Avolio, B. J. (1999). Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. B. Bakker, A., Shimazu, A., Demerouti, E., Shimada, K. andKawakami, N. (2014), "Work engagement versus workaholism: a test of the spillover-crossover model", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 63-80.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bentham, J. (1970). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), ed. by J. H Burns and HLA Hart, London.
  • Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of public economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.
  • Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine.
  • Bryant, F. B., & Cvengros, J. A. (2004). Distinguishing hope and optimism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 273–302.
  • ÇANKAYA, Ö. G. D. Z. C. (2008). Bazı insanlar neden daha mutludur? Öznel iyi olma sürecinde psikolojik ihtiyaçların rolü. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 13(13), 29-36.
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Carifio, J., & Rhodes, L. (2002). Construct validities and empirical relationships between optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Work, 19, 125–136.
  • Coutu, D.L. (2002) How Resilience Works, Harvard Business Review, 80, 46-55.
  • Çetin, F., H.N. Basım (2011) Psikolojik Dayanıklılığın İş Tatmini ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Tutumlarındaki Rolü, Iş Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 13(3), 79-94.
  • Çetin, F., & Basım, H. N. (2012). Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
  • Çetin, F., Hazır, K., & Basım, H. (2013). Destekleyici örgüt kültürü ile örgütsel psikolojik sermaye etkileşimi: Kontrol odağının aracılık rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 31-52.
  • Davidson, K., & Prkachin, K. (1997). Optimism and unrealistic optimism have an interacting impact on health-promoting behavior and knowledge changes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 617–625.
  • Diener, E., Larsen, R. J., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). Bias in mood recall in happy and unhappy persons. In 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute?. Social indicators research, 28(3), 195-223.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social indicators research, 31(2), 103-157.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American psychologist, 55(1), 34.
  • Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). 11 personality and subjective well-being. Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology, 213.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276.
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handbook of positive psychology, 2, 63-73.
  • Doğan, T., ve Çötok, N. A. (2011), Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 165-170.
  • Gaygisiz, E. (2010). Economic and cultural correlates of subjective well-being in countries using data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Psychological reports, 106(3), 949-963.
  • Gomez, V., Krings, F., Bangerter, A., & Grob, A. (2009). The influence of personality and life events on subjective well-being from a life span perspective. Journal of Research in Personality,43(3), 345-354.
  • Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. Psychological reports, 105(1), 205-231.
  • Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 87(2), 268.
  • Hills, P. ve Argyle, M. (2002), The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 33, 1073–1082.
  • Huey, S. J., Jr., & Weisz, J. R. (1997). Ego control, ego resiliency, and the five-factor model as predictors of behavioral and emotional problems in clinic-referred children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 404–415.
  • Hunter,A.J., & Chandler,G.E. (1999). Adolescent resilience. Image : Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31, 243–247.
  • Jensen, S. M., & Luthans, F. (2002). The impact of hope in the entrepreneurial process: Exploratory research findings. In Decision Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings. San Diego, CA.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407.
  • Kangal, A. (2013). Mutluluk Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme Ve Türk Hanehalkı İçin Bazı Sonuçlar. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 12(44).
  • Kok, L., Ho, M., Heng, B., & Ong, Y. (1990). A psychological study of high risk subjects for AIDS. Singapore Medical Journal, 31, 573–582.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (pp. 150-153). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Luthans, F. (2002a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695–706.
  • Luthans, F. (2002b). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57-72.
  • Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: A new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1, 304–322.
  • Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 33, p. 143-160.
  • Luthans, F., Van Wyk, R., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2004). Recognition and development of hope for South African organizational leaders. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 25, 512–527.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1, 247–269.
  • Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. J. (2006a). Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 387–393.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Bolelli 0000-0002-9707-1387

Publication Date September 15, 2020
Submission Date July 2, 2020
Acceptance Date August 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 8

Cite

APA Bolelli, M. (2020). PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE’DEN BİR ARAŞTIRMA. International Journal of Management and Administration, 4(8), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.763064

Dergide aşağıdaki alanların kapsamına giren nitelikli çalışmalar yayımlanabilir;

İşletme, İktisat, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, Maliye, Kamu Yönetimi ve Siyaset Bilimi, Ekonometri, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri, Eğitim Yönetimi, Sağlık Yönetimi, Turizm Yönetimi, Havacılık Yönetimi, Denizcilik İşletmeleri Yönetimi, Mühendislik ve Teknoloji Yönetimi, Enerji Yönetimi, Lojistik Yönetimi, Çevre Yönetimi, Medya ve İletişim Yönetimi, Afet Yönetimi, Multidisipliner Yönetim ve Ekonomi Çalışmaları.

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