Dünya Ticaretinde Türkiye’nin Demir-Çelik Sektörünün Analizi
Year 2020,
, 854 - 869, 31.12.2020
Muharrem Yeldan
,
Hayrettin Kesgingöz
,
Umut Güçlü
Abstract
Sanayi sektörü ülkelerin gelişmişliklerini sağlayan lokomotif bir sektördür. Sanayi sektörünün en önemli fasılı ise demir-çelik sektörüdür. Demir-çelik sektöründeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak dünya ticareti gelişmektedir. Demir-çelik sektörüne bağlı olarak gelişen ve etkilenen talep dünya konjonktüründe her geçen gün demir-çelik sektörünün önemini arttırmaktadır. Türkiye demir-çelik sektöründe söz sahibi olmayı her zaman istemektedir. Artan dünya talebini karşılamak isteme düşüncesi Türkiye’nin demir-çelik sektörüne daha da önem vermesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dünya ticaretinde Türkiye’nin demir-çelik sektörünün analizi karşılaştırmalı üstünlükler yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda demir-çelik fasıllarında Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler (AKÜ) endeksinde Türkiye’nin 72 ve 73 numaralı fasıllardan oluşan demir-çelik sektörünün AKÜ endeksine göre 2 fasılda da dış ticarette üstündür. Açıklanmış Simetrik Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler (ASKÜ) endeksine göre demir-çelik sektörü rekabet gücüne sahiptir. Ticaret Dengesi Endeksi’ne (TDİ) göre de Türkiye 72 numaralı fasılda dış ticarette net ithalatçı konumda iken 73 numaralı fasılda ise net ihracatçı konumdadır. Endeks değerleriyle oluşturulan ürün haritasında ise 72 numaralı fasıl genelde B grubu iken rekabetçi durumda istenilen seviyede dış ticaret seviyesine ulaşamamıştır. 73 numaralı fasılda ise Türkiye hem rekabet üstünlüğüne hem de net ihracatçı durumdadır. Türkiye demir-çelik sektöründe dünya ticaretinde yer almak ve devamlılığını sürdürmek istiyorsa bu alandaki yatırımlarını daima arttırmalıdır. Yüksek teknolojik ürünlere doğru yönelmeli sanayi sektöründeki fasılları yeterince beslemelidir.
References
- Abidin, M. Z. and Loke, W. H. (2008). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Exports: The Case for Changing Export Composition. Asian Economic Papers, 7(3), 130-147.
- Altay, Topçu, B. and Sümerli Sarıgül, S. (2015). Comparative Advantage and the Products Mapping of Exporting Sectors in Turkey, The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 3(18), 330-348.
- Amighini A. (2005). China in the International Fragmentation of Production: Evidence from the ICT Industry, The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2 (2): 203-219.
- Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economics and Social Science, 33: 99-123.
- Beningo, S. (2005). Trade and Transportation Between the United States and China,and Between the United States and India, 2006 Conference of the Society of Government Economists, Washington.
- Çelik, A. (2019). Ülkelerin Faktör Yoğunlukları Bakımından Rekabet Gücünün Ölçümü: BRICS-T Özelinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Journal of Yasar University, 14(55).
- Çeştepe, H., and Tunçel, A. (2018). Türkiye Demir Çelik Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabet Gücü Analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(15).
- Erkan, B. (2012). Ülkelerin Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performanslarının Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Katsayıları ile Belirlenmesi: Türkiye-Suriye Örneği, ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 8(15), 195-218.
- Erkan, B., and Alakbarov, N. (2018). Azerbaycan'ın İhracatında Uzmanlaşma ve Rekabet Yapısı: Türkiye Ile Karşılaştırmalı Analiz. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 25(1), 55-73.
- Erkan, B., and Batbaylı, Ş. (2017). Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü (KEİ) Üyesi Ülkelerin Küresel Pazarlardaki Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükleri. Journal of Political Science, 5(Special Issue April 2017), 47-65.
- Erlat, G., and Erlat, H. (2005). Do Turkish Exports Have a Comparative Advantage With Respect to the European Union Market, 1999-2000. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 7.
International Trade Center, http://www.intracen.org/country/turkey/sector-trade-performance/
- Ishchukova, N., and Smutka, L. (2013). Comparative Advantage: Products Mapping of the Russian Agricultural Exports, Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(3), 13-24.
- James, W. E., and Movshuk, O. (2003). Comparative Advantage in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan Between 1980 and 1999: Testing for Convergence and İmplications for Closer Economic Relations. The Developing Economies, 41(3), 287-308.
- Kaplan, H., and Tur, F., (2017). The Structural Transformatıon Of Turkey’s Exports in Terms of Product and Market Diversification. Journal of Ege Academic View, 17(1), 59-74.
- Kaya, A. A. (2006). İmalat Sanayi İhracatında Uzmanlaşma: Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Analizi (1991-2003). Journal of Ege Academic View, 2(6), 73-82.
- Kesgingöz, H., Dilek, S., and Yeldan, M. (2019). Comparative Analysis of the Competitiveness of Turkey's Iron-Steel Industry. Journal of Human and Social Sciences Researchs, 8(3), 2256-2271.
- Khatibi, A. (2008). Kazakhstan's Revealed Comparative Advantage Vis-A-Vis the EU-27 (No. 03/2008). ECIPE Working Paper.
- Kocourek, A. (2015). Structural Changes in Comparative Advantages of the BRICS. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 10-17.
- Kuşat, N. (2019). Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performansı (Cep) İndeksine Göre Türkiye'nin Ab28 Aday Ülkeleri Karşısındaki Rekabet Gücü (2006-2016). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 37(1).
- Laursen, K. (1998). Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Working Paper No: 98-30.
- Liesner, H. H. (1958). The European Common Market and British Industry. Economic Journal, 68(270), 302–316.
- Lim, K. T. (1997). Analysis of North Korea's Foreign Trade by Revealed Comparative Advantage'. Journal of Economic Development, 22(2), 97-117.
- Loke, W. H. (2008, May). Malaysia and China: Comparative Advantages in Selected Manufacturing Goods. in Globalisation and Economic Policy (GEP) Workshop.
- Ma, A.S. (2013). Revealed Comparative Advantage Measure: ASEAN-China Trade Flows, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(7), 136-145.
Ministry of Industry https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/?lang=tr/ Industry and Trade Ministry Iron and Steel Sector Report, 2011:7.
- Ministry of Industry https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/?lang=tr/ Science, Industry and Trade Ministry Iron and Steel Sector Report, 2012:4.
- Oelgemöller, J. (2013). Revealed Comparative Advantages in Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Intereconomics, 48(4), 243-253.
- Özçalık, M., Okur, A. (2013). Türk tekstil ve hazır giyim sektörlerinin gümrük birliği sonrası AB-15 ülkeleri karşısındaki rekabet gücü, Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences,11(1), 205-223.
- Richardson, J. D., and Zhang, C. (2001). Revealing Comparative Advantage: Chaotic or Coherent Patterns Across Time and Sector and US Trading Partner?. In Topics in Empirical International Economics: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert E. Lipsey (Pp. 195-232). University of Chicago Press.
Ticaret Bakanlığı https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b87000813b8761450e18d7b/Demi_Celik_Demir_Celikten_Esya.pdf.
- TOBB (2010). Türkiye Demir ve Demir Dışı Metaller Meclisi Sektör Raporu, ISBN: 978, Ankara, 2010.
- Turkish Statistical Institute, http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1046
- World Steel Association, https://www.worldsteel.org/ / World Steel Association.
- Veeramani, C. (2006). India and China: Changing Patterns of Comparative Advantage?. Georgia Institute of Technology. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
- Yeats, A. J. (1985). On The Appropriate Interpretation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: Implications of a Methodology Based on İndustry Sector Analysis. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 121(1), 61-73.
- Yunus, M. M., Mohamed, Z., Mahyideen, J. M., and Saidon, R., (2010). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Manufacturing: Malaysia and Singapore. in Proceedings of Fifth Malaysian National Economic Conference, Perkem V, Jilid (Vol. 1, Pp. 278-288).
Analysis of Turkey's Iron-Steel Industry in The World Trade
Year 2020,
, 854 - 869, 31.12.2020
Muharrem Yeldan
,
Hayrettin Kesgingöz
,
Umut Güçlü
Abstract
Industry sector is a locomotive sector that provides the development of countries. Iron-steel sector is the most important part of the industrial sector. World trade has been developing due to the developments in the iron and steel industry. The demand that is affected and affected by the iron and steel sector increases the importance of the iron and steel sector with every passing day in the world conjuncture. Turkey always wants to have a say in the iron and steel industry. The idea of wanting to meet the Growing demand for the world is that Turkey is more important to the iron and steel industry. In this study, analysis of Turkey's iron and steel industry of world trade is carried out with comparative advantages in the method. As a result of the Analysis, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index in the iron-steel chapters is superior to the RCA index of the iron and steel sector in Turkey's 72 and 73 chapters, in 2 parts of the foreign trade. According to RSCA index, iron and steel sector has competitive power. According to the Trade Balance Index (TDI), Turkey 72 the net importer in foreign trade in the chapter 73 is the net exporter in the chapters. In the product map created with Index values, chapter 72 was generally a group B, while in competitive condition desired level of foreign trade was not reached. In chapter 73, Turkey is both competitive supremacy and net exporter. Turkey should always increase its investments in this area if it wants to take place in the world trade and continue its continuity in the iron and steel sector. Towards high technological products should feed the chapters in the industry sector sufficiently.
References
- Abidin, M. Z. and Loke, W. H. (2008). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Exports: The Case for Changing Export Composition. Asian Economic Papers, 7(3), 130-147.
- Altay, Topçu, B. and Sümerli Sarıgül, S. (2015). Comparative Advantage and the Products Mapping of Exporting Sectors in Turkey, The Journal of Academic Social Sciences, 3(18), 330-348.
- Amighini A. (2005). China in the International Fragmentation of Production: Evidence from the ICT Industry, The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 2 (2): 203-219.
- Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economics and Social Science, 33: 99-123.
- Beningo, S. (2005). Trade and Transportation Between the United States and China,and Between the United States and India, 2006 Conference of the Society of Government Economists, Washington.
- Çelik, A. (2019). Ülkelerin Faktör Yoğunlukları Bakımından Rekabet Gücünün Ölçümü: BRICS-T Özelinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz. Journal of Yasar University, 14(55).
- Çeştepe, H., and Tunçel, A. (2018). Türkiye Demir Çelik Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabet Gücü Analizi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(15).
- Erkan, B. (2012). Ülkelerin Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performanslarının Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Katsayıları ile Belirlenmesi: Türkiye-Suriye Örneği, ZKU Journal of Social Sciences, 8(15), 195-218.
- Erkan, B., and Alakbarov, N. (2018). Azerbaycan'ın İhracatında Uzmanlaşma ve Rekabet Yapısı: Türkiye Ile Karşılaştırmalı Analiz. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 25(1), 55-73.
- Erkan, B., and Batbaylı, Ş. (2017). Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Örgütü (KEİ) Üyesi Ülkelerin Küresel Pazarlardaki Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükleri. Journal of Political Science, 5(Special Issue April 2017), 47-65.
- Erlat, G., and Erlat, H. (2005). Do Turkish Exports Have a Comparative Advantage With Respect to the European Union Market, 1999-2000. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 7.
International Trade Center, http://www.intracen.org/country/turkey/sector-trade-performance/
- Ishchukova, N., and Smutka, L. (2013). Comparative Advantage: Products Mapping of the Russian Agricultural Exports, Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 5(3), 13-24.
- James, W. E., and Movshuk, O. (2003). Comparative Advantage in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan Between 1980 and 1999: Testing for Convergence and İmplications for Closer Economic Relations. The Developing Economies, 41(3), 287-308.
- Kaplan, H., and Tur, F., (2017). The Structural Transformatıon Of Turkey’s Exports in Terms of Product and Market Diversification. Journal of Ege Academic View, 17(1), 59-74.
- Kaya, A. A. (2006). İmalat Sanayi İhracatında Uzmanlaşma: Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Analizi (1991-2003). Journal of Ege Academic View, 2(6), 73-82.
- Kesgingöz, H., Dilek, S., and Yeldan, M. (2019). Comparative Analysis of the Competitiveness of Turkey's Iron-Steel Industry. Journal of Human and Social Sciences Researchs, 8(3), 2256-2271.
- Khatibi, A. (2008). Kazakhstan's Revealed Comparative Advantage Vis-A-Vis the EU-27 (No. 03/2008). ECIPE Working Paper.
- Kocourek, A. (2015). Structural Changes in Comparative Advantages of the BRICS. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 10-17.
- Kuşat, N. (2019). Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performansı (Cep) İndeksine Göre Türkiye'nin Ab28 Aday Ülkeleri Karşısındaki Rekabet Gücü (2006-2016). Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 37(1).
- Laursen, K. (1998). Revealed Comparative Advantage and the Alternatives as Measures of International Specialization, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Working Paper No: 98-30.
- Liesner, H. H. (1958). The European Common Market and British Industry. Economic Journal, 68(270), 302–316.
- Lim, K. T. (1997). Analysis of North Korea's Foreign Trade by Revealed Comparative Advantage'. Journal of Economic Development, 22(2), 97-117.
- Loke, W. H. (2008, May). Malaysia and China: Comparative Advantages in Selected Manufacturing Goods. in Globalisation and Economic Policy (GEP) Workshop.
- Ma, A.S. (2013). Revealed Comparative Advantage Measure: ASEAN-China Trade Flows, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(7), 136-145.
Ministry of Industry https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/?lang=tr/ Industry and Trade Ministry Iron and Steel Sector Report, 2011:7.
- Ministry of Industry https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/?lang=tr/ Science, Industry and Trade Ministry Iron and Steel Sector Report, 2012:4.
- Oelgemöller, J. (2013). Revealed Comparative Advantages in Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Intereconomics, 48(4), 243-253.
- Özçalık, M., Okur, A. (2013). Türk tekstil ve hazır giyim sektörlerinin gümrük birliği sonrası AB-15 ülkeleri karşısındaki rekabet gücü, Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences,11(1), 205-223.
- Richardson, J. D., and Zhang, C. (2001). Revealing Comparative Advantage: Chaotic or Coherent Patterns Across Time and Sector and US Trading Partner?. In Topics in Empirical International Economics: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert E. Lipsey (Pp. 195-232). University of Chicago Press.
Ticaret Bakanlığı https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b87000813b8761450e18d7b/Demi_Celik_Demir_Celikten_Esya.pdf.
- TOBB (2010). Türkiye Demir ve Demir Dışı Metaller Meclisi Sektör Raporu, ISBN: 978, Ankara, 2010.
- Turkish Statistical Institute, http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1046
- World Steel Association, https://www.worldsteel.org/ / World Steel Association.
- Veeramani, C. (2006). India and China: Changing Patterns of Comparative Advantage?. Georgia Institute of Technology. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
- Yeats, A. J. (1985). On The Appropriate Interpretation of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: Implications of a Methodology Based on İndustry Sector Analysis. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 121(1), 61-73.
- Yunus, M. M., Mohamed, Z., Mahyideen, J. M., and Saidon, R., (2010). Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Manufacturing: Malaysia and Singapore. in Proceedings of Fifth Malaysian National Economic Conference, Perkem V, Jilid (Vol. 1, Pp. 278-288).