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DOES ENTREPRENEUR DEFEAT HIS FATE: EFFECTIVENESS OF FATALISM ON THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Year 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 143 - 159, 01.12.2017

Abstract

The enrichment of nations and the proliferation of this wealth to spread to the whole nation is one of the important agenda items of the social science community that the head of the economy attracted. In the direction of the academic, philosophical pioneers of the issue, policy makers are trying to pass on their economic political practices. Entrepreneurship has also been effectively defended over time by Cantillon, Say, Schumpeter, von Thiinen, Menger, Misses, and Hayek. In the beginning, debate and research based on whether or not entrepreneurship was effective left its place in the 21st century with work focusing on entrepreneurial people. The question "Is entrepreneurship important for a society and economy?" is no longer discussed. Instead, it is being investigated how entrepreneurship can be supported and developed. According to the results, the existence of a positive role model increases the probability of having an entrepreneurial potential at a high level 4 times, having an enterprise idea 2 times; the fatalistic tendency is decreasing by half

References

  • Anbari, F. T., Khilkhanova, E. V., Romanova, M. V., Ruggia, M., Tsay, H.-H., & Umpleby, S. A. (2009). Managing cross cultural differences in projects. PMI® Global Congress 2009—North America. Orlando, FL. Newtown Square,: PA: Project Management Institute.
  • Armstrong, S. J., & Hird, A. (2009). Cognitive style and entrepreneurial drive of new and mature business owner- managers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(4), 419.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Khursid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A ten-country comparison. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(1), 192-220.
  • Bandura, A. (. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Berglann, H., Moen, E. R., Rİed, K., & Skogstrİm, J. F. (2011). Entrepreneurship: Origins and returns. Labour economics, 18(2), 180-193.
  • Bernard, T., Dercon, S., & Taffesse, A. S. (2012). Beyond fatalism-an empirical exploration of self-efficacy and aspirations failure in Ethiopia, ESSP WORKING PAPER 46. Bernstein, M. (1990). Fatalism Revisited.
  • Metaphilosophy, 21: 270–281, doi:10.1111/j.1467
  • 1990.tb00529.x. Bernstein, M. (2002). Fatalism.
  • R. Kane içinde, The Oxford handbook of free will
  • 1093/oxfordhb/9780195178548.003.0003.
  • Bernstein, M. H. (1992). Fatalism, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Biffi, A., Bissola, R., & Imperatori, B. (2017). Chasing innovation: a pilot case study of a rhizomatic design thinking https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2016-0007. Education + Training, Vol. 59 Issue: 9, pp.957-977
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: girişimci ve öğrenci görüşleri. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 8(1)., 7-28.
  • Brancu, L., Guðmundsdóttir, S., Gligor, D., & Munteanu, V. (2015). Is Culture a Moderator of Entrepreneurship Motivation? A Comparative Study of Romania and Iceland. Amfiteatru Economic, 17(38), 133-147.
  • Contiua, L. C., Gaborb, M. R., & Stefanescuc, D. (2012). Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Student's Ability to Develop an Entrepreneurial Spirit. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 46, 5553-5557, ISSN 1877-0428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.474.
  • Çolakoğlu, N., & Gözükara, İ. (2016). A comparison study on personality traits based on the attitudes of university students toward entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 229, 133 – 140 .
  • Çolakoğlu, N., & Gözükara, İ. (2016). A Comparison Study on Personality Traits Based on the Attitudes of University Students toward Entrepreneurship. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 133-140.
  • Dubina, I. N., & Ramos, S. J. (2013). Entrepreneurship and National Culture (According to Hofstede’s Model). In Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (s. 634-638). içinde New York: Springer .
  • Duygulu, E. (2008). Algılanan kurumsal görünüm, proaktif kişilik özelliği ve iş kurma (girişimcilik) tutumu: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü öğrencileri üzerine bir inceleme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 95-120.
  • Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. (2015). Personality Traits versus Work Values: Comparing Psychological Theories on Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Business Research , February, 68(7), DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001 .
  • Fairlie, R. W., & Holleran, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment . Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 366-378.
  • García-Rodríguez, F. J., Gil-Soto, E., Ruiz-Rosa, I. R., & Gutiérrez-Taño, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial process in peripheral regions: the role of motivation and culture. European Planning Studies, 25:11, 2037-2056, DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2016.1262827.
  • Gomez, P. Y., & Korine, H. (2008). Entrepreneurs and democracy: A political theory of corporate governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hadi, N. M., & Zainol, F. A. (2015). A Conceptual Model for Entrepreneurial Quality among Students of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Malaysia . International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 433-443.
  • Hofstede, G., Noorderhaven, N. G., Thurik, A. R., Wennekers, A., Uhlaner, L., & Wildeman, R. E. (2004). Culture’s role in entrepreneurship: Self-employment out of dissatisfaction. T. E. (Eds.) içinde, Innovation, entrepreneurship and culture: The interaction between technology (s. 162–203). Nothampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Hudson, M. (2012). Entrepreneurs: From the Near Eastern Takeoff to the Roman Collapse. L. D., M. J., & B. W. içinde, The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times (s. 8- 39). Princeton University Press.
  • Ildız, E. (2013). Eski Çağ’da Bankacılık ve Bankerlik, İstanbul: Türkiye Bankalar Birliği.
  • Ireland, R. D., & Kuratko, D. F. (2001). Corporate entrepreneurship and middle–level managers‘ entrepreneurial behavior: Relationships, outcomes, and consequences, University of Richmond.
  • Kasapoğlu, A. (2008). Kur’an açısından fatalizm-inkârcıların bir tutumu olarak kadercilik. Hikmet Yurdu, 1 (1), 87-107.
  • Korkmaz, Y. (2006). Mezopotamya'da Ticaret Hukuku (Eski Asur ve Eski Babil dönemleri) . Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi .
  • Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18, 91-104.
  • Maher, M. (1909). Fatalism. . In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 8, 2017 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05791a.htm.
  • Mounger, D. (2012). A Correlational Pilot Study of Fatalism and Self-efficacy among Appalachians with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 56. http://dc.etsu.edu/honors/56.
  • O’Briant, W. H. (1971). Determinism, fatalism and theism. Sophia,, 10(2), 22-26.
  • Obschonka, M. (2017). The quest for the entrepreneurial culture: psychological Big Data in entrepreneurship research. . Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18, 69-74.
  • Orhan, K. (2017a). Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Belirleme Envanteri’nin (Entrepreneurial Potential Assessment Inventory-EPAI) Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özellikleri. Yayın Aşamasında.
  • Orhan, K. (2017b). Kadercilik Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Uluslararası Medeniyet Çalışmaları Dergisi, Vol. 2 (2), Kasım. Oxford Dictionaries. (2017, 04 04). Fatalism. Oxford dictionaries: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/fatalism adresinden alındı
  • Ören, K., & Biçkes, M. (2011). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Üzerindeki Etkileri (Nevşehir'deki Yüksek Öğrenim Öğrencileri Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.16, No.3, 67-86.
  • Rice, H. (2015). Fatalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2015 Edition) Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • Ruiu, G. (2013). The Origin of Fatalistic Tendencies: an Empirical Investigation. Economics & Sociology, Vol. 6, No 2, pp. 103-125. DOI:10.14254/2071-789X.2013/6-2/10.
  • Sánchez, J. C., Carballo, T., & Gutiérrez, A. (2011). The entrepreneur from a cognitive approach. Psicothema, Vol. 23, n°3, 433-438.
  • Santos, S., Caetano, A., & Curral, L. (2014). Psychosocial aspects of entrepreneurial potential. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 26 (6), 661-685.
  • Stephan, U., & Pathak, S. (2016). Beyond cultural values? Cultural leadership ideals and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing,, Volume 31, Issue 5, September, 505-523.
  • Şimşekoğlu, Ö., & Nordfjærn, T. (2017). The role of safety culture/climate and social cognitive factors for driving behaviors of Turkish professional drivers transporting petroleum products. Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 20, No. 5, 650–663, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2015.1118150.
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Boston: Pearson.
  • Toma, S., Grigore, A., & Marinescu. (2014). Economic Development and Entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance, 8, 436 – 443.
  • van Gelderen, M., & Masurel, E. (. (2012). Entrepreneurship in context, Vol. 3. Routledge. Webster Meriam. (2017, 6, 27).
  • www.merriam-webster.com.
  • https://www.merriam
  • webster.com/dictionary/fatalism adresinden alındı
  • Whelan, C. T. (1996). Marginalization, Deprivation, and Fatalism in the Republic of Ireland: Class and Underclass
  • Perspectives. European Sociological Review, 12 (1): 33–51.
  • White, M. J. (2012). Agency and Integrality: Philosophical Themes in the Ancient Discussions of Determinism
  • and Responsibility. Springer Science & Business Media, 296 pages.
  • Wildeman, R. E., Hofstede, G., Noorderhaven, N. G., & Thurik, A. R. (1998). Culture's Role in Entrepreneurship
  • Self-employment out of Dissatisfaction, Rotterdam: Rotterdam Institute for Business Studies.
  • Woodside, A. G., Bernal, P. M., & Coduras, A. (2016). The general theory of culture, entrepreneurship, innovation
  • and quality-of-life: Comparing nurturing versus thwarting enterprise start-ups in BRIC, Denmark
  • Germany, and the United States. Industrial Marketing Management, Volume 53, February, 136-159.
  • Zhao, X., Li, H., & Rauch, A. (2012). Cross-country differences in entrepreneurial activity: The role of cultural
  • practice and national wealth. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 6(4), 447-474.

GİRİŞİMCİ KADERİNİ YENER Mİ: GİRİŞİMCİ EĞİLİME KADERCİLİĞİN ETKİSİ

Year 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 143 - 159, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Ulusların zenginleşmesi ve bu zenginliğin refaha dönüşerek bütün ulusa yayılabilmesi, başını ekonominin çektiği sosyal bilimler topluluğunun, önemli gündem maddelerinden birisidir. Konunun akademik, felsefi öncülerinin işaret ettiği doğrultuda politika yapıcılarda iktisadi politik uygulamaları hayata geçirmeye çalışmaktadır. Girişimcilik de bu anlamda Cantillon, Say, Schumpeter, von Thiinen, Menger, Misses, Hayek tarafından, zaman içerisinde alanyazında etkin bir şekilde savunulmuştur. Başlangıçta girişimciliğin etkili olup olmayacağına dayanan tartışma ve araştırmalar, 21.yüzyılda yerini girişimci kişiler üzerinde odaklanan çalışmalara terk etmiştir. Artık “Girişimcilik bir toplum ve ekonomi için önemli midir?” sorusu tartışılmamaktadır. Bunun yerine girişimciliğin nasıl desteklenebileceği ve geliştirilebileceği araştırılmaktadır. Türkiye açısından girişimcilik eğitimleri alınmasına rağmen istenen seviyelerde girişimin açığa çıkmaması da ayrı bir çalışma konusudur. Çalışmamızda, kadercilik olgusunun girişimciliğe etkisi araştırılmıştır. Orhan tarafından geliştirilen Kadercilik Eğilimi Belirleme Ölçeği 2017b ve türkçeleştirilen 2017a Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Belirleme Ölçeği Santos, Caetano ve Curral, 2014 kullanılmıştır.1349 kişiden veri toplanmıştır. Veriler istatistiksel paket programlar aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, olumlu rol modelin varlığı üst düzeyde bir girişimci potansiyele sahip olma olasılığını 4 kat, bir girişim fikrine sahip olmak 2 kat arttırıken; kaderci eğilim yarıya düşürmektedir.

References

  • Anbari, F. T., Khilkhanova, E. V., Romanova, M. V., Ruggia, M., Tsay, H.-H., & Umpleby, S. A. (2009). Managing cross cultural differences in projects. PMI® Global Congress 2009—North America. Orlando, FL. Newtown Square,: PA: Project Management Institute.
  • Armstrong, S. J., & Hird, A. (2009). Cognitive style and entrepreneurial drive of new and mature business owner- managers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(4), 419.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R. N., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Khursid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A ten-country comparison. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(1), 192-220.
  • Bandura, A. (. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Berglann, H., Moen, E. R., Rİed, K., & Skogstrİm, J. F. (2011). Entrepreneurship: Origins and returns. Labour economics, 18(2), 180-193.
  • Bernard, T., Dercon, S., & Taffesse, A. S. (2012). Beyond fatalism-an empirical exploration of self-efficacy and aspirations failure in Ethiopia, ESSP WORKING PAPER 46. Bernstein, M. (1990). Fatalism Revisited.
  • Metaphilosophy, 21: 270–281, doi:10.1111/j.1467
  • 1990.tb00529.x. Bernstein, M. (2002). Fatalism.
  • R. Kane içinde, The Oxford handbook of free will
  • 1093/oxfordhb/9780195178548.003.0003.
  • Bernstein, M. H. (1992). Fatalism, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Biffi, A., Bissola, R., & Imperatori, B. (2017). Chasing innovation: a pilot case study of a rhizomatic design thinking https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2016-0007. Education + Training, Vol. 59 Issue: 9, pp.957-977
  • Bozkurt, Ö. Ç., & Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Girişimcilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile girişimcilik eğitimi: girişimci ve öğrenci görüşleri. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 8(1)., 7-28.
  • Brancu, L., Guðmundsdóttir, S., Gligor, D., & Munteanu, V. (2015). Is Culture a Moderator of Entrepreneurship Motivation? A Comparative Study of Romania and Iceland. Amfiteatru Economic, 17(38), 133-147.
  • Contiua, L. C., Gaborb, M. R., & Stefanescuc, D. (2012). Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Student's Ability to Develop an Entrepreneurial Spirit. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 46, 5553-5557, ISSN 1877-0428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.474.
  • Çolakoğlu, N., & Gözükara, İ. (2016). A comparison study on personality traits based on the attitudes of university students toward entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 229, 133 – 140 .
  • Çolakoğlu, N., & Gözükara, İ. (2016). A Comparison Study on Personality Traits Based on the Attitudes of University Students toward Entrepreneurship. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 133-140.
  • Dubina, I. N., & Ramos, S. J. (2013). Entrepreneurship and National Culture (According to Hofstede’s Model). In Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (s. 634-638). içinde New York: Springer .
  • Duygulu, E. (2008). Algılanan kurumsal görünüm, proaktif kişilik özelliği ve iş kurma (girişimcilik) tutumu: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü öğrencileri üzerine bir inceleme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 95-120.
  • Espíritu-Olmos, R., & Sastre-Castillo, M. (2015). Personality Traits versus Work Values: Comparing Psychological Theories on Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Business Research , February, 68(7), DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.001 .
  • Fairlie, R. W., & Holleran, W. (2012). Entrepreneurship training, risk aversion and other personality traits: Evidence from a random experiment . Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 366-378.
  • García-Rodríguez, F. J., Gil-Soto, E., Ruiz-Rosa, I. R., & Gutiérrez-Taño, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial process in peripheral regions: the role of motivation and culture. European Planning Studies, 25:11, 2037-2056, DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2016.1262827.
  • Gomez, P. Y., & Korine, H. (2008). Entrepreneurs and democracy: A political theory of corporate governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hadi, N. M., & Zainol, F. A. (2015). A Conceptual Model for Entrepreneurial Quality among Students of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Malaysia . International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 433-443.
  • Hofstede, G., Noorderhaven, N. G., Thurik, A. R., Wennekers, A., Uhlaner, L., & Wildeman, R. E. (2004). Culture’s role in entrepreneurship: Self-employment out of dissatisfaction. T. E. (Eds.) içinde, Innovation, entrepreneurship and culture: The interaction between technology (s. 162–203). Nothampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Hudson, M. (2012). Entrepreneurs: From the Near Eastern Takeoff to the Roman Collapse. L. D., M. J., & B. W. içinde, The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times (s. 8- 39). Princeton University Press.
  • Ildız, E. (2013). Eski Çağ’da Bankacılık ve Bankerlik, İstanbul: Türkiye Bankalar Birliği.
  • Ireland, R. D., & Kuratko, D. F. (2001). Corporate entrepreneurship and middle–level managers‘ entrepreneurial behavior: Relationships, outcomes, and consequences, University of Richmond.
  • Kasapoğlu, A. (2008). Kur’an açısından fatalizm-inkârcıların bir tutumu olarak kadercilik. Hikmet Yurdu, 1 (1), 87-107.
  • Korkmaz, Y. (2006). Mezopotamya'da Ticaret Hukuku (Eski Asur ve Eski Babil dönemleri) . Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi .
  • Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18, 91-104.
  • Maher, M. (1909). Fatalism. . In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved April 8, 2017 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05791a.htm.
  • Mounger, D. (2012). A Correlational Pilot Study of Fatalism and Self-efficacy among Appalachians with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 56. http://dc.etsu.edu/honors/56.
  • O’Briant, W. H. (1971). Determinism, fatalism and theism. Sophia,, 10(2), 22-26.
  • Obschonka, M. (2017). The quest for the entrepreneurial culture: psychological Big Data in entrepreneurship research. . Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18, 69-74.
  • Orhan, K. (2017a). Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Belirleme Envanteri’nin (Entrepreneurial Potential Assessment Inventory-EPAI) Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Psikometrik Özellikleri. Yayın Aşamasında.
  • Orhan, K. (2017b). Kadercilik Eğilimi Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Uluslararası Medeniyet Çalışmaları Dergisi, Vol. 2 (2), Kasım. Oxford Dictionaries. (2017, 04 04). Fatalism. Oxford dictionaries: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/fatalism adresinden alındı
  • Ören, K., & Biçkes, M. (2011). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Üzerindeki Etkileri (Nevşehir'deki Yüksek Öğrenim Öğrencileri Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.16, No.3, 67-86.
  • Rice, H. (2015). Fatalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2015 Edition) Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • Ruiu, G. (2013). The Origin of Fatalistic Tendencies: an Empirical Investigation. Economics & Sociology, Vol. 6, No 2, pp. 103-125. DOI:10.14254/2071-789X.2013/6-2/10.
  • Sánchez, J. C., Carballo, T., & Gutiérrez, A. (2011). The entrepreneur from a cognitive approach. Psicothema, Vol. 23, n°3, 433-438.
  • Santos, S., Caetano, A., & Curral, L. (2014). Psychosocial aspects of entrepreneurial potential. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 26 (6), 661-685.
  • Stephan, U., & Pathak, S. (2016). Beyond cultural values? Cultural leadership ideals and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing,, Volume 31, Issue 5, September, 505-523.
  • Şimşekoğlu, Ö., & Nordfjærn, T. (2017). The role of safety culture/climate and social cognitive factors for driving behaviors of Turkish professional drivers transporting petroleum products. Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 20, No. 5, 650–663, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2015.1118150.
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Boston: Pearson.
  • Toma, S., Grigore, A., & Marinescu. (2014). Economic Development and Entrepreneurship. Procedia Economics and Finance, 8, 436 – 443.
  • van Gelderen, M., & Masurel, E. (. (2012). Entrepreneurship in context, Vol. 3. Routledge. Webster Meriam. (2017, 6, 27).
  • www.merriam-webster.com.
  • https://www.merriam
  • webster.com/dictionary/fatalism adresinden alındı
  • Whelan, C. T. (1996). Marginalization, Deprivation, and Fatalism in the Republic of Ireland: Class and Underclass
  • Perspectives. European Sociological Review, 12 (1): 33–51.
  • White, M. J. (2012). Agency and Integrality: Philosophical Themes in the Ancient Discussions of Determinism
  • and Responsibility. Springer Science & Business Media, 296 pages.
  • Wildeman, R. E., Hofstede, G., Noorderhaven, N. G., & Thurik, A. R. (1998). Culture's Role in Entrepreneurship
  • Self-employment out of Dissatisfaction, Rotterdam: Rotterdam Institute for Business Studies.
  • Woodside, A. G., Bernal, P. M., & Coduras, A. (2016). The general theory of culture, entrepreneurship, innovation
  • and quality-of-life: Comparing nurturing versus thwarting enterprise start-ups in BRIC, Denmark
  • Germany, and the United States. Industrial Marketing Management, Volume 53, February, 136-159.
  • Zhao, X., Li, H., & Rauch, A. (2012). Cross-country differences in entrepreneurial activity: The role of cultural
  • practice and national wealth. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 6(4), 447-474.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kamil Orhan This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Submission Date October 10, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Orhan, K. (2017). GİRİŞİMCİ KADERİNİ YENER Mİ: GİRİŞİMCİ EĞİLİME KADERCİLİĞİN ETKİSİ. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(13), 143-159.