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DETERMINING WITH THE INDICES OF REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF COUNTRIES’ COMPARATIVE EXPORT PERFORMANCES: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKEY AND SYRIA

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 195 - 218, 01.01.2012

Abstract

The index of revealed comparative advantages was first introduced by Liesner 1958 and operationalized by Balassa 1965 in order to measure comparative advantages. The RCA index of a country for a product is often measured by the product’s share in the country’s exports in relation to its share in world trade. The index of RCA called the Balassa Index , is used to measure the relative importance of a product in a country’s export composition relative to that products’s relative importance in world trade or any country. In this study, between the years 2000-2008, indices of the revealed comparative advantages of Turkey and Syria are calculated on SITC Revision3, 2 digit codes and the comparative advantages and disadvantages of countries in question are examined among themselves. Turkey has accordingly got the revealed comparative disadvanteges against Syria Syria has got the revealed comparative advanteges against Turkey in 9 of 66 goods. The most goods which Syria has got the revealed comparative advanteges against Turkey are “group 0 Food and Live Animals ” and “ group 2 Dairy Products and Birds Eggs ”. However, in the export of the other goods; Turkey has clearly got the revealed comparative advanteges in 45 goods, strongly comparative advantages are available against Syria

References

  • Balassa, Bela, (1965), “Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage”, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, Vol:33, No:2.
  • Batra, Amita ve Khan, Zeba, (2005), “Revealed Comparative Advantage: An Analysis for India and China”, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, Working Paper No:168, New Delhi.
  • Bekmez, Selahattin ve Terzioğlu, Mustafa, (2008), “Rekabet, Rekabet Gücü ve Rekabet Gücünü Ölçme Yöntemleri”, Türkiye Avrupa Birliği Sektörel Rekabet Analizleri- Editör: Selahattin BEKMEZ, Nobel Yay., Ankara.
  • Beningo, Steven, (2005), “Trade and Transportation Between the United States and China,and Between the United States and India”, 2006 Conference of the Society of Government Economists, Washington.
  • Bernhofen, Daniel M., (2005), “An Emprical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan”, The American Economic Review, V:95, No:1.
  • Coxhead, Ian, (2007), “A New Resource Curse?Impacts of China’s Boom on Comparative Advantage and Resource Dependence in Southeast Asia”, World Development, Vol:35, No:7.
  • Dünya Bankası-Türkiye Yatırım Ortamı Değerlendirmesi, (2010), Krizden Özel Sektör Öncülüğünde Büyümeye, Avrupa ve Orta Asya Bölgesi.
  • Goldin, Ian, (1990), “Comparative Advantage:Theory and Application to Developing Country Agriculture-Research Programme on:Changing Comparative Advantage in Food and Agriculture”, OECD Development Centre Working Papers, No:16.
  • Erlat Güzin, (2004), “Do Turkish Exports Have Comparative Advantage With Respect to The European Union Market, 1990-2000”, Department of Economics Middle East Technical University.
  • Erk, Nejat, (1987), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Protectionist Policies- An Analysis of Turkey’ s Foreign Trade in 1980”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Y:1, S:1, Adana.
  • Hajiyev, Nazim O., (2004), Study of Azerbaıjan’ s Current and Potential Comparative Advantage, Center of Economic Reforms Ministry of Economic Development- UNDP Azerbaijan, Baku.
  • Hinloopen, Jeroen,, (2004), “P-P plots and the Harmonic Mass indeks:an application to comparative advantage”, 30 July 2004 Seminar at the University of Adelaide, Australia.
  • Hinloopen, Jeroen, (2001), “On the empirical distribution of the Balassa Index”, Review of World Economics, Vol:137, No:1.
  • Hufbauer, Garry, (1974), “Specialization by Industrial Countries: Extent and Consequences”, The International Division of Labour: Problems and Perspectives-International Symposium, Germany.
  • Jamus Jerome Lim, (2010), “Export Diversification in a Transitioning Economy:The Case of Syria”, World Bank.
  • Kalkan, Sarp, (2009), Türkiye’nin İhracat Performansı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, TEPAV.
  • Kaya, A.Ayşen, (2006), “İmalat Sanayi İhracatında Uzmanlaşma: Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Analizi (1991-2003)”, Ege University Working Papers in Economics 2006, No:06/05, İzmir.
  • Kök, Recep ve Çoban, Orhan, (2005), “Türkiye Tekstil Endüstrisi ve Rekabet Gücü: AB Ülkeleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz Örneği, 1989-2001”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, C:20, S:228.
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, Levent, (2003), “Comparative Advantage of Turkey With Regard to The EU”, SDÜ İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, C:8, S:2.
  • Li, Kui-Wai ve Bender, Siegfried, (2002), “The Gain and Loss of Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Exports Among Regions”, Department of Economics and Finance and APEC Study Center-Annual Consortium Conference, Merida, Mexico.
  • Ling, B.H.-Leung, P.S.-Shang, Y.C., (1996), “Export Performance of Major Cultured Shrimp Producers in the Japanese and US Markets”, Aquaculture Research 27.
  • Mahmood, Amir, (2006), “Export Specialization and Competitiveness of the Malaysian Manufacturing:Trends,Challenges and Prospects”, Conference on International Trade Education and Research (CITER5)-Managing Globalisation for Prosperity, 26-27 October, Melbourne.
  • Masters, William A., (1995), “Guidelines on National Comparative Advantage and Agricultural Trade”, Agricultural Policy Analysis Project, APAP III Methods and Guidelines, Phase III, No: 4001.
  • Mykhnenko, Vlad, (2005), “What Type of Capitalism in Eastern Europe?Institutional Structures,Revealed Comparative Advantages,and Performance of Poland and Ukraine”, Centre for Public Policy for Regions (CPPR) Discussion Paper, No:6.
  • Porter, Michael E., (1991), “Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy ”, Strategic Management Journal, V:12.
  • Rana, Pradumna B., (1988), “Shifting Revealed Comparative Advantage: Experiences of Asian and Pacific Developing Countries”, Asian Development Bank, Report No:42.
  • Serin, Vildan ve Civan, Abdulkadir, (2008), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: A Case Study for Turkey towards the EU”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, Vol:10, No:2.
  • Seymen, Dilek Aykut, (2009), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaret Yapısı ve Rekabet Gücü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yay., İzmir.
  • Sharma, Abhijit, (2004), “The Indian Economy Since Liberalisation:The Structure and Composition of Exports and Industrial Transformation (1980-2000)”, Industrial Dynamics,Innovation and Development, United Kingdom.
  • Şimşek, Nevzat, Seymen, Dilek ve Utkulu, Utku, (2007), “Turkey’s Competitiveness in the EU Market:A Comparison of Different Trade Measures”, European Trade Study Group (ETSG) 9th Annual Conference 2007, Atina.
  • T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı Anlaşmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, (2008), Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti Ülke Profili.
  • Utkulu, Utku, (2005), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticareti ve Değişen Mukayeseli Üstünlükler, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir.
  • Utkulu, Utku ve Seymen, Dilek, (2004), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey vis-a-vis the EU/15”, European Trade Study Group 6th Annual Conference, ETSG 2004, Nottingham.
  • Wolff, Edward N., (2000), “Has Canada Specialized in the Wrong Manufacturing Industries?”, Centre for the Study of Living Standarts (CSLS) Conference on the Canada-US Manufacturing Productivity Gap,V:85, Ottawa, Ontorio, Canada.
  • Yücel, Cengiz, (2002), Güneyimizde Beliren Aydınlık:Suriye, TÜRSAB Ar-ge Departmanı, (Erişim Tarihi:31.10.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:24.11.2007).
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  • (Erişim Tarihi:31.09.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:26.09.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:21.11.2011).

Ülkelerin Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performanslarının Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Katsayılarıyla Belirlenmesi: Türkiye-Suriye Örneği

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 195 - 218, 01.01.2012

Abstract

Açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük katsayısı ilk defa Liesner tarafından 1958 ortaya atılmış, karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerin ölçümü amacıyla Balassa tarafından 1965 geliştirilmiştir. Açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük AKÜ katsayıları, ülkenin belli bir sektör ihracatının toplam ihracatına oranının, aynı sektörün dünyadaki ihracatının dünya toplam ihracatına oranına bölünmesi şeklinde hesaplanmaktadır. Balassa İndeksi şeklinde de ifade edilebilen AKÜ katsayıları; ülkenin bir sektördeki yurtiçi uzmanlaşmasını, dünyanın veya diğer ülkenin uzmanlaşmasıyla karşılaştırır. Çalışmada, 2000-2008 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin ve Suriye’nin karşılaştırmalı üstünlüklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla SITC Rev3, 2 haneli bazda açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlük katsayıları hesaplanmış; söz konusu ülkelerin birbirlerine karşı üstünlük ve dezavantajları ortaya koyulmuştur. Buna göre toplam 66 mal grubunun 9’unda Türkiye, Suriye karşısında açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı dezavantaja Suriye, Türkiye karşısında açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahiptir. Suriye’nin Türkiye karşısında açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olduğu mal guruplarının çoğu “0 Grubu Canlı hayvanlar ve Gıda Maddeleri ” ve “2 Grubu Akaryakıt Hariç Yenilmeyen Hammaddeler ” dir. Bununla birlikte, diğer mal gruplarının ihracatında; Türkiye’nin Suriye karşısında bariz bir şekilde açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğü 45 mal grubunda güçlü karşılaştırmalı üstünlük bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Balassa, Bela, (1965), “Trade Liberalization and Revealed Comparative Advantage”, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, Vol:33, No:2.
  • Batra, Amita ve Khan, Zeba, (2005), “Revealed Comparative Advantage: An Analysis for India and China”, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, Working Paper No:168, New Delhi.
  • Bekmez, Selahattin ve Terzioğlu, Mustafa, (2008), “Rekabet, Rekabet Gücü ve Rekabet Gücünü Ölçme Yöntemleri”, Türkiye Avrupa Birliği Sektörel Rekabet Analizleri- Editör: Selahattin BEKMEZ, Nobel Yay., Ankara.
  • Beningo, Steven, (2005), “Trade and Transportation Between the United States and China,and Between the United States and India”, 2006 Conference of the Society of Government Economists, Washington.
  • Bernhofen, Daniel M., (2005), “An Emprical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan”, The American Economic Review, V:95, No:1.
  • Coxhead, Ian, (2007), “A New Resource Curse?Impacts of China’s Boom on Comparative Advantage and Resource Dependence in Southeast Asia”, World Development, Vol:35, No:7.
  • Dünya Bankası-Türkiye Yatırım Ortamı Değerlendirmesi, (2010), Krizden Özel Sektör Öncülüğünde Büyümeye, Avrupa ve Orta Asya Bölgesi.
  • Goldin, Ian, (1990), “Comparative Advantage:Theory and Application to Developing Country Agriculture-Research Programme on:Changing Comparative Advantage in Food and Agriculture”, OECD Development Centre Working Papers, No:16.
  • Erlat Güzin, (2004), “Do Turkish Exports Have Comparative Advantage With Respect to The European Union Market, 1990-2000”, Department of Economics Middle East Technical University.
  • Erk, Nejat, (1987), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Protectionist Policies- An Analysis of Turkey’ s Foreign Trade in 1980”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Y:1, S:1, Adana.
  • Hajiyev, Nazim O., (2004), Study of Azerbaıjan’ s Current and Potential Comparative Advantage, Center of Economic Reforms Ministry of Economic Development- UNDP Azerbaijan, Baku.
  • Hinloopen, Jeroen,, (2004), “P-P plots and the Harmonic Mass indeks:an application to comparative advantage”, 30 July 2004 Seminar at the University of Adelaide, Australia.
  • Hinloopen, Jeroen, (2001), “On the empirical distribution of the Balassa Index”, Review of World Economics, Vol:137, No:1.
  • Hufbauer, Garry, (1974), “Specialization by Industrial Countries: Extent and Consequences”, The International Division of Labour: Problems and Perspectives-International Symposium, Germany.
  • Jamus Jerome Lim, (2010), “Export Diversification in a Transitioning Economy:The Case of Syria”, World Bank.
  • Kalkan, Sarp, (2009), Türkiye’nin İhracat Performansı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, TEPAV.
  • Kaya, A.Ayşen, (2006), “İmalat Sanayi İhracatında Uzmanlaşma: Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği Analizi (1991-2003)”, Ege University Working Papers in Economics 2006, No:06/05, İzmir.
  • Kök, Recep ve Çoban, Orhan, (2005), “Türkiye Tekstil Endüstrisi ve Rekabet Gücü: AB Ülkeleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz Örneği, 1989-2001”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, C:20, S:228.
  • Kösekahyaoğlu, Levent, (2003), “Comparative Advantage of Turkey With Regard to The EU”, SDÜ İ.İ.B.F Dergisi, C:8, S:2.
  • Li, Kui-Wai ve Bender, Siegfried, (2002), “The Gain and Loss of Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Exports Among Regions”, Department of Economics and Finance and APEC Study Center-Annual Consortium Conference, Merida, Mexico.
  • Ling, B.H.-Leung, P.S.-Shang, Y.C., (1996), “Export Performance of Major Cultured Shrimp Producers in the Japanese and US Markets”, Aquaculture Research 27.
  • Mahmood, Amir, (2006), “Export Specialization and Competitiveness of the Malaysian Manufacturing:Trends,Challenges and Prospects”, Conference on International Trade Education and Research (CITER5)-Managing Globalisation for Prosperity, 26-27 October, Melbourne.
  • Masters, William A., (1995), “Guidelines on National Comparative Advantage and Agricultural Trade”, Agricultural Policy Analysis Project, APAP III Methods and Guidelines, Phase III, No: 4001.
  • Mykhnenko, Vlad, (2005), “What Type of Capitalism in Eastern Europe?Institutional Structures,Revealed Comparative Advantages,and Performance of Poland and Ukraine”, Centre for Public Policy for Regions (CPPR) Discussion Paper, No:6.
  • Porter, Michael E., (1991), “Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy ”, Strategic Management Journal, V:12.
  • Rana, Pradumna B., (1988), “Shifting Revealed Comparative Advantage: Experiences of Asian and Pacific Developing Countries”, Asian Development Bank, Report No:42.
  • Serin, Vildan ve Civan, Abdulkadir, (2008), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: A Case Study for Turkey towards the EU”, Journal of Economic and Social Research, Vol:10, No:2.
  • Seymen, Dilek Aykut, (2009), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaret Yapısı ve Rekabet Gücü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yay., İzmir.
  • Sharma, Abhijit, (2004), “The Indian Economy Since Liberalisation:The Structure and Composition of Exports and Industrial Transformation (1980-2000)”, Industrial Dynamics,Innovation and Development, United Kingdom.
  • Şimşek, Nevzat, Seymen, Dilek ve Utkulu, Utku, (2007), “Turkey’s Competitiveness in the EU Market:A Comparison of Different Trade Measures”, European Trade Study Group (ETSG) 9th Annual Conference 2007, Atina.
  • T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı Anlaşmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, (2008), Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti Ülke Profili.
  • Utkulu, Utku, (2005), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticareti ve Değişen Mukayeseli Üstünlükler, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir.
  • Utkulu, Utku ve Seymen, Dilek, (2004), “Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey vis-a-vis the EU/15”, European Trade Study Group 6th Annual Conference, ETSG 2004, Nottingham.
  • Wolff, Edward N., (2000), “Has Canada Specialized in the Wrong Manufacturing Industries?”, Centre for the Study of Living Standarts (CSLS) Conference on the Canada-US Manufacturing Productivity Gap,V:85, Ottawa, Ontorio, Canada.
  • Yücel, Cengiz, (2002), Güneyimizde Beliren Aydınlık:Suriye, TÜRSAB Ar-ge Departmanı, (Erişim Tarihi:31.10.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:24.11.2007).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:30.09.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:31.09.2010). (Erişim Tarihi:31.09.2010).
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  • http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?page=3 (Erişim Tarihi:31 Ekim 2010). (Erişim Tarihi:19.08.2008).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:31.09.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:26.09.2010).
  • (Erişim Tarihi:21.11.2011).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Birol Erkan This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 8 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Erkan, B. (2012). Ülkelerin Karşılaştırmalı İhracat Performanslarının Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Katsayılarıyla Belirlenmesi: Türkiye-Suriye Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 8(15), 195-218.