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THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL LABOR ON JOB COMMITMENT UNDER THE DETERMINATION OF MOTIVATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL VARIABLES

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 14, 201 - 222, 01.12.2011

Abstract

It is known that employees commit their emotional presence in addition to physical and cognitive presence on working process. This commitment expresses the reflections of emotions on working process. Businesses make some arrangements in order to transform these reflections to positive outcomes for them. These arrangements appear as structural elements that force the employee to manage his emotions and feelings. Besides when the supervisory support, in production process, is perceived, it affects the management of emotions as a motivator effect. In this study, the emotional labor of middle level managers working in service businesses is presented. The presence of emotional labor is enlightened by empirical proofs done by three levels. Firstly, the effects of supervisory support and emotional behavior rules on the presence of emotional labor; secondly, the effect of the presence of emotional labor on job loyalty; lastly, the contribution of the presence of emotional labor to the effects of job loyalty affected by the supervisory support and emotional behavior rules mediation effect . It is seen that the supervisory support and emotional labor expectation affect the “surface acting”, the “surface acting” has a statistically significant effect on job loyalty. Moreover, it is detected that the “surface acting” determines both the supervisory support and the expectation of emotional labor on job loyalty

References

  • Ashforth, Blake E. ve Humphrey, Ronald H. (1993), “Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity”, The Academy of Management Review, Cilt 18, Sayı 1, s. 88-115.
  • Austin, J. Elizabeth, Dore, Timothy C .P. ve O’Donovan, Katharine M. (2007), “Associations of Personality and Emotional Intelligence with Display Rule Perceptions And Emotional Labour’’, Personality and Individual Differences, Cilt 44, Sayı 3, s. 679-688.
  • Baron, Reuben M. ve Kenny, David A. (1986), “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Cilt 51, Sayı 6, s. 1173-1182.
  • Bolton, Sharon C. ve Boyd, Carol (2003), “Trolley Dolly or Skilled Emotion Manager? Moving on from Hoshschild’s Managed Heart”, Work, Empolyment and Sociey, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, s. 289-309.
  • Brotheridge C.M. ve Lee, R.T., (2003), “Development and Validation of the Emotional Labour Scale”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Cilt 76, s. 365-379.
  • Chong, Patricia (2009a), “Servitude with a Smile: A Re-Examination of Emotional Labour”, Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, Cilt 14, s. 177- 185.
  • Chong, Patricia (2009b), “Servitude with a Smile: An Anti-Oppression Analysis of Emotional Labour”, Global Labour University Working Papers, No: 7, http://www.global-labouruniversity.org/fileadmin/GLU_Working _Papers/GLU_ WP_No.7.pdf (Erişim: 20.07.2010).
  • Chusmir, Leonard H. (1982), “Job Committment and the Organizational Woman”, Academy of Management Review, Cilt 7, Sayı 4, s. 595-602.
  • Diefendorff, James M. ve Gosserand, Robin H. (2003), “Understanding the Emotional Labor Process: A Control Theory Perspective”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 24, Sayı 8, s. 945-959.
  • Erickson, Rebecca J. ve Ritter, Christian (2001), “Emotional Labor, Burnout, and Inauthenticity: Does Gender Matter”, Social Psychology Quarterly, Cilt 64, Sayı 2, s. 146-163.
  • Fisher ve Ashkanasy (2000), “The Emerging Role of Emotions in Work Life: An Introduction”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 21, Sayı 2, s. 123-129.
  • Guerrier, Yvonne ve Adib, Amel (2003), “Work at Leisure and Leisure at Work: A Study of the Emotional Labour of Tour Reps”, Human Relations, Cilt 56, Sayı 11, s. 1399-1417.
  • Güngör, Meltem (2009), “Duygusal Emek Kavramı: Süreci ve Sonuçları”, Kamu-İş Dergisi, Cilt 11, Sayı 1, s. 167-182.
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1979), “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure”, The American Journal of Sociology, Cilt 85, Sayı 3, s. 551-575
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983), The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, University of California Press, California.
  • Jenks, Davis A., Carter, J.Scott ve Jenks, Catherine A. (2007), “Command Staff Leadership Training and Job Commitment in the LAPD”, Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, Cilt 4, Sayı 2, s. 106-119.
  • Kunda, Gideon ve Van Maanen, John (1999), “Changing Scripts at Work: Managers and Professionals”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, s. 64-80.
  • Leidner, Robin (1999), “Emotional Labor in Service Work”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, s. 81-95.
  • MacKinnon, David P., Lockwood, Chondra M., Hoffman, Jeanne M., West, Stephen G. ve Sheets, Virgil (2002), “A Comparison of Methods to Test Mediation and Other Intervening Variable Effects”, Psychological Methods, Cilt 7, Sayı 1, s. 83-104.
  • Man, Fuat, Cihan Selek Öz (2007), “Göründüğü Gibi Olamamak ya da Olduğu Gibi Görünememek: Çağrı Merkezlerinde Duygusal Emek”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, Sayı 1, s. 75-90.
  • Nadler, Joel T. ve Lowery, Meghan T. (2009), Emotional Expression, Gender, Personality, and Workplace Appropriate Behaviors, Research on Emotion in Organizations: Emotions in Groups, Organisations and Cultures, (Der. Charmine E.J. Hartel Neal M. Ashkanasy, Wilfred J. Zerbe), Emerald Group Publishing, s. 23-43.
  • Preacher, Kristopher J. ve Hayes, Andrew F. (2004), “SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models”, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, Cilt 36, Sayı 4, s. 717-731.
  • Sakarya Valiliği (2010), “Kültür ve Turizm”, http://www.sakarya.gov.tr, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.04.2010).
  • SATSO (2009), “2009 Yılı İktisadi Raporu, Sakarya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası”, http://www.satso.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2010).
  • Schaubroeck, John ve Jones, James R. (2000), “Antecedents of Workplace Emotional Labor Dimensions and Modeerators of their Efects on Phsysical Symptoms”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 21, Sayı 2, s. 163-183.
  • Seçer, Şebnem (2004), “İşyerinde Tükenmişlik Kaynağı Olarak Duygusal Emek Hemşireler Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma”, 9. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 814-830.
  • Steinberg, Ronnie J. ve Figart, Deborah M. (1999a), “Emotional Demands at Work: A Job Content Analysis”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, Sayı 1, s. 177-191.
  • Steinberg, Ronnie J. ve Figart, Deborah M. (1999b), “Emotional Labor Since the Managed Heart”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, Sayı 1, s. 8-26.
  • Ünler Öz, Ela (2007), “Effect of Emotional Labor on Employees’ Work Outcomes”, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Organizational Behavior Bilim Dalı.
  • Wong, Jehn-Yih, ve Wang, Chih-Hung (2009), “Emotional Labor of The Tour Leaders: An Exploratory Study”, Tourism Management, Cilt 30, Sayı 2, s. 249-259.

Motivasyonel Ve Yapısal Etkenler Altında Duygusal Emeğin İşe Bağlılığa Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 14, 201 - 222, 01.12.2011

Abstract

Çalışanların, hizmet sürecine, fiziksel ve bilişsel varlıkları yanında duygusal varlıkları ile de katıldıkları bilinmektedir. Bu katkı, duyguların hizmet sürecine yansımalarını ifade etmektedir. İşletmeler ise bu yansımaları olumlu çıktıya dönüştürecek şekilde bazı düzenlemeler getirmektedirler. Bu düzenlemeler, çalışanı duygularını yönetmeye zorlayan yapısal unsurlar olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunun yanında, özellikle üretim sürecinde amirin desteğinin hissedilmesi motivasyonel bir etken olarak duyguların yönetimini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, hizmet işletmelerinde çalışan orta kademe yöneticilerin duygusal emek gösterimleri ele alınmaktadır. Duygusal emek gösterimi, üç düzeyde yürütülen görgül sınamalarla aydınlatılmaktadır. Birincisi, duygusal emek gösterimini açıklayan amirin desteği ve duygusal davranış kurallarının etkileri; ikincisi, duygusal emek gösteriminin işe bağlılık üzerine etkisi; ve üçüncüsü de amirin desteği ve duygusal davranış kurallarının işe bağlılığa etkilerine duygusal emek gösteriminin yaptığı katkıdır aracılık etkisi . Amirin desteği ve duygusal emek beklentisinin yüzeysel duygusal emek gösterimini etkilediği, yüzeysel duygusal emek gösteriminin de işe bağlılığı anlamlı düzeyde açıkladığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, yüzeysel duygusal emek gösterimin hem amirin desteğinin, hem de duygusal emek beklentisinin işe bağlılığa etkilerini belirlediği aracılık ettiği tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Ashforth, Blake E. ve Humphrey, Ronald H. (1993), “Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity”, The Academy of Management Review, Cilt 18, Sayı 1, s. 88-115.
  • Austin, J. Elizabeth, Dore, Timothy C .P. ve O’Donovan, Katharine M. (2007), “Associations of Personality and Emotional Intelligence with Display Rule Perceptions And Emotional Labour’’, Personality and Individual Differences, Cilt 44, Sayı 3, s. 679-688.
  • Baron, Reuben M. ve Kenny, David A. (1986), “The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Cilt 51, Sayı 6, s. 1173-1182.
  • Bolton, Sharon C. ve Boyd, Carol (2003), “Trolley Dolly or Skilled Emotion Manager? Moving on from Hoshschild’s Managed Heart”, Work, Empolyment and Sociey, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, s. 289-309.
  • Brotheridge C.M. ve Lee, R.T., (2003), “Development and Validation of the Emotional Labour Scale”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Cilt 76, s. 365-379.
  • Chong, Patricia (2009a), “Servitude with a Smile: A Re-Examination of Emotional Labour”, Just Labour: A Canadian Journal of Work and Society, Cilt 14, s. 177- 185.
  • Chong, Patricia (2009b), “Servitude with a Smile: An Anti-Oppression Analysis of Emotional Labour”, Global Labour University Working Papers, No: 7, http://www.global-labouruniversity.org/fileadmin/GLU_Working _Papers/GLU_ WP_No.7.pdf (Erişim: 20.07.2010).
  • Chusmir, Leonard H. (1982), “Job Committment and the Organizational Woman”, Academy of Management Review, Cilt 7, Sayı 4, s. 595-602.
  • Diefendorff, James M. ve Gosserand, Robin H. (2003), “Understanding the Emotional Labor Process: A Control Theory Perspective”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 24, Sayı 8, s. 945-959.
  • Erickson, Rebecca J. ve Ritter, Christian (2001), “Emotional Labor, Burnout, and Inauthenticity: Does Gender Matter”, Social Psychology Quarterly, Cilt 64, Sayı 2, s. 146-163.
  • Fisher ve Ashkanasy (2000), “The Emerging Role of Emotions in Work Life: An Introduction”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 21, Sayı 2, s. 123-129.
  • Guerrier, Yvonne ve Adib, Amel (2003), “Work at Leisure and Leisure at Work: A Study of the Emotional Labour of Tour Reps”, Human Relations, Cilt 56, Sayı 11, s. 1399-1417.
  • Güngör, Meltem (2009), “Duygusal Emek Kavramı: Süreci ve Sonuçları”, Kamu-İş Dergisi, Cilt 11, Sayı 1, s. 167-182.
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1979), “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure”, The American Journal of Sociology, Cilt 85, Sayı 3, s. 551-575
  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983), The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, University of California Press, California.
  • Jenks, Davis A., Carter, J.Scott ve Jenks, Catherine A. (2007), “Command Staff Leadership Training and Job Commitment in the LAPD”, Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, Cilt 4, Sayı 2, s. 106-119.
  • Kunda, Gideon ve Van Maanen, John (1999), “Changing Scripts at Work: Managers and Professionals”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, s. 64-80.
  • Leidner, Robin (1999), “Emotional Labor in Service Work”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, s. 81-95.
  • MacKinnon, David P., Lockwood, Chondra M., Hoffman, Jeanne M., West, Stephen G. ve Sheets, Virgil (2002), “A Comparison of Methods to Test Mediation and Other Intervening Variable Effects”, Psychological Methods, Cilt 7, Sayı 1, s. 83-104.
  • Man, Fuat, Cihan Selek Öz (2007), “Göründüğü Gibi Olamamak ya da Olduğu Gibi Görünememek: Çağrı Merkezlerinde Duygusal Emek”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, Sayı 1, s. 75-90.
  • Nadler, Joel T. ve Lowery, Meghan T. (2009), Emotional Expression, Gender, Personality, and Workplace Appropriate Behaviors, Research on Emotion in Organizations: Emotions in Groups, Organisations and Cultures, (Der. Charmine E.J. Hartel Neal M. Ashkanasy, Wilfred J. Zerbe), Emerald Group Publishing, s. 23-43.
  • Preacher, Kristopher J. ve Hayes, Andrew F. (2004), “SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models”, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, Cilt 36, Sayı 4, s. 717-731.
  • Sakarya Valiliği (2010), “Kültür ve Turizm”, http://www.sakarya.gov.tr, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.04.2010).
  • SATSO (2009), “2009 Yılı İktisadi Raporu, Sakarya Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası”, http://www.satso.org.tr, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2010).
  • Schaubroeck, John ve Jones, James R. (2000), “Antecedents of Workplace Emotional Labor Dimensions and Modeerators of their Efects on Phsysical Symptoms”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 21, Sayı 2, s. 163-183.
  • Seçer, Şebnem (2004), “İşyerinde Tükenmişlik Kaynağı Olarak Duygusal Emek Hemşireler Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma”, 9. Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 814-830.
  • Steinberg, Ronnie J. ve Figart, Deborah M. (1999a), “Emotional Demands at Work: A Job Content Analysis”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, Sayı 1, s. 177-191.
  • Steinberg, Ronnie J. ve Figart, Deborah M. (1999b), “Emotional Labor Since the Managed Heart”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Cilt 561, Sayı 1, s. 8-26.
  • Ünler Öz, Ela (2007), “Effect of Emotional Labor on Employees’ Work Outcomes”, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Organizational Behavior Bilim Dalı.
  • Wong, Jehn-Yih, ve Wang, Chih-Hung (2009), “Emotional Labor of The Tour Leaders: An Exploratory Study”, Tourism Management, Cilt 30, Sayı 2, s. 249-259.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Oğuz Türkay This is me

Aydın Ünal This is me

Osman Taşar This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 7 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Türkay, O., Ünal, A., & Taşar, O. (2011). Motivasyonel Ve Yapısal Etkenler Altında Duygusal Emeğin İşe Bağlılığa Etkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(14), 201-222.