DİJİTALLEŞMENİN AYNASINDA KADINLARIN İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASINDAKİ DURUMU
Year 2025,
Issue: Special Issue of the Conference on Digitalization and Society, 52 - 62, 22.10.2025
Gabor Melypataki
,
Katalin Lipták
,
Zoltán Rácz
Abstract
Dijitalleşme, işgücü piyasasına köklü değişiklikler getirmektedir. Çoğu analiz işgücü piyasası konularını genel hatlarıyla incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, mavi yakalı ve beyaz yakalı çalışanların durumuna odaklanma eğilimindedirler. Pembe yakalı çalışanların sorunlarını ele alan literatür nispeten azdır. Ancak, dijitalleşmenin duygusal emeğin işin önemli bir parçası olduğu işleri ve işgücü piyasası sektörlerini ön plana çıkaracağı düşünüldüğünde, bu konunun önemli olduğuna inanıyoruz. Kadınların bundan fayda sağlayıp sağlayamayacağını ya da erkeklerin onları bu alanlardan uzaklaştırıp uzaklaştırmayacağını araştırmaya çalıştık. Bu soruyu işgücü piyasası ve yasal düzenlemeler bağlamında inceliyoruz.
References
-
Arlie, R. H. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press, Berkely.
-
Avolio, B., Pardo, E. & Prados-Peña, M. B. (2024). Factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women academics worldwide: A literature review. Social Psychology of Education, 27, 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09838-3
-
Barnes, T. D., Beall, V. D., & Holman, M. R. (2021). Pink-Collar representation and budgetary outcomes in US states. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 46, 119-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12286
-
Basu, S., Ratcliffe, G., & Green, M. (2015). Health and pink-collar work. Occupational Medicine, 65(7), 529–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv103
-
Breakin with the Traditions (2025). S.1 Ep.7 AI and the future of pink-collar jobs. https://www.catalyst.org/insights/2024/podcast-episode-107-ai-and-pink-collar-jobs, (08.10. 2025).
-
Chun, H. R., Cho, I., Choi, Y. & Cho, S. I. (2020). Effects of emotional labor factors and working environment on the risk of depression in pink-collar workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145208
-
Duffy, B. E. & Schwartz, B. (2017). Digital “women’s work?”: Job recruitment ads and the feminization of social media employment. New Media and Society, 20(8), 2972-2989. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817738237
-
Erdélyi, D. (2024). A nők gazdasági szerepvállalása az EU-ban és Magyarországon. Available online: https://www.oeconomus.hu/oecogram/a-nok-gazdasagi-szerepvallalasa-az-eu-ban-es-magyarorszagon/ (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Eurostat (2023). Gender pay gap statistics. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Füzi, B., Pats, R., Puskás, B., & Váradi, E. (2022). Elemzés. Pink education” jelenség Magyarországon? Budapest: Állami Számvevőszék. 43.
-
Guerra, G., Quezada-Sánchez, A. D., Burton-Jeangros, C., Júarez-García, A., Flahault, A., & Salgado de Snyder, N. (2024). Paid Domestic Work and Depressive Symptoms in Mexico: Results of a National Health Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121566
-
Grandey, A. A., Dienfendorff, J. M. & Rupp, D. E. (Eds.). (2013). Emotional Labor in the 21st Century: Diverse Perspectives on Emotion Regulation at Work. New York: Routledge.
-
Halmos, S. (2019). A foreign body in employment law? Part 3: The impact of EU accession on Hungarian anti-discrimination law in employment. Hungarian Labour Law Journal, 9(1), 33-50.
-
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
-
HVG (2025). ADÓ 2025 Különszám. Budapest: HVG Kiadó Zrt.
-
International Labour Organization (2025). Who Are Domestic Workers? Available online: https://www.ilo.org/topics/domestic-workers/who-are-domestic-workers (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Jakap, N. & Mélypataki, G. (2017). A közszolgálati jog önállósodásáról és reflexivitásáról. Miskolci Jogi Szemle, (1), 33–45.
-
Köllő, J. (2017). Women in the Hungarian labour market. In: Fazekas, K. & Köllő, J. (Eds.), The hungarian labour market 2017. Budapest: Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
-
Mélypataki, G., Pinkasz, A. & Liszakia, N. (2025). Közszolgálati bérrendszerek és közszolgálati.
-
Paksi, V. (2014). Miért kevés a női hallgató a természet és műszaki tudományi képzésekben? Nemzetközi kitekintés a, szivárgó vezeték”-Metaforára. Replika, 85-216.
-
Pant, Y. & Jayant, J. (2024). Exploring strategies and motivational tools for female employee job satisfaction and longevity. In: 2024 International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Computing Technologies (ICEECT), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceect61758.2024.10739097
-
Pogátsa, Z. (2024). Digitális kapitalizmus. Kossuth, Budapest.
-
Solymosi-Szekeres, B. (2025). A global analysis of menstruation-friendly working practices through an evaluation of international examples. Review of European and Comparative Law, 60(1), 27-47.
-
Szekeres, B. & Mélypataki, G. (2022). A menstruációs szabadság bevezetésének jogelméleti és gyakorlati kérdései. Közjogi Szemle, 15(4), 49-55.
WOMEN'S SITUATION ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE MIRROR OF DIGITALISATION
Year 2025,
Issue: Special Issue of the Conference on Digitalization and Society, 52 - 62, 22.10.2025
Gabor Melypataki
,
Katalin Lipták
,
Zoltán Rácz
Abstract
Digitalisation is bringing fundamental changes to the labour market. Most analyses examine labour market issues in general terms. Within this, they tend to focus on the situation of blue-collar and white-collar workers. Relatively little literature deals with the problem of pink-collar workers. However, we believe that this issue is significant, as it appears that digitisation will bring to the fore those jobs and labour market sectors where emotional labour is a substantial part of the job. We sought to investigate whether women can benefit from this, or if men will displace them from these areas. We examine this question in the context of the labour market and legal regulations.
References
-
Arlie, R. H. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press, Berkely.
-
Avolio, B., Pardo, E. & Prados-Peña, M. B. (2024). Factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women academics worldwide: A literature review. Social Psychology of Education, 27, 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09838-3
-
Barnes, T. D., Beall, V. D., & Holman, M. R. (2021). Pink-Collar representation and budgetary outcomes in US states. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 46, 119-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12286
-
Basu, S., Ratcliffe, G., & Green, M. (2015). Health and pink-collar work. Occupational Medicine, 65(7), 529–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv103
-
Breakin with the Traditions (2025). S.1 Ep.7 AI and the future of pink-collar jobs. https://www.catalyst.org/insights/2024/podcast-episode-107-ai-and-pink-collar-jobs, (08.10. 2025).
-
Chun, H. R., Cho, I., Choi, Y. & Cho, S. I. (2020). Effects of emotional labor factors and working environment on the risk of depression in pink-collar workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145208
-
Duffy, B. E. & Schwartz, B. (2017). Digital “women’s work?”: Job recruitment ads and the feminization of social media employment. New Media and Society, 20(8), 2972-2989. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817738237
-
Erdélyi, D. (2024). A nők gazdasági szerepvállalása az EU-ban és Magyarországon. Available online: https://www.oeconomus.hu/oecogram/a-nok-gazdasagi-szerepvallalasa-az-eu-ban-es-magyarorszagon/ (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Eurostat (2023). Gender pay gap statistics. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Füzi, B., Pats, R., Puskás, B., & Váradi, E. (2022). Elemzés. Pink education” jelenség Magyarországon? Budapest: Állami Számvevőszék. 43.
-
Guerra, G., Quezada-Sánchez, A. D., Burton-Jeangros, C., Júarez-García, A., Flahault, A., & Salgado de Snyder, N. (2024). Paid Domestic Work and Depressive Symptoms in Mexico: Results of a National Health Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1566. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121566
-
Grandey, A. A., Dienfendorff, J. M. & Rupp, D. E. (Eds.). (2013). Emotional Labor in the 21st Century: Diverse Perspectives on Emotion Regulation at Work. New York: Routledge.
-
Halmos, S. (2019). A foreign body in employment law? Part 3: The impact of EU accession on Hungarian anti-discrimination law in employment. Hungarian Labour Law Journal, 9(1), 33-50.
-
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
-
HVG (2025). ADÓ 2025 Különszám. Budapest: HVG Kiadó Zrt.
-
International Labour Organization (2025). Who Are Domestic Workers? Available online: https://www.ilo.org/topics/domestic-workers/who-are-domestic-workers (accessed on 23 July 2025).
-
Jakap, N. & Mélypataki, G. (2017). A közszolgálati jog önállósodásáról és reflexivitásáról. Miskolci Jogi Szemle, (1), 33–45.
-
Köllő, J. (2017). Women in the Hungarian labour market. In: Fazekas, K. & Köllő, J. (Eds.), The hungarian labour market 2017. Budapest: Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
-
Mélypataki, G., Pinkasz, A. & Liszakia, N. (2025). Közszolgálati bérrendszerek és közszolgálati.
-
Paksi, V. (2014). Miért kevés a női hallgató a természet és műszaki tudományi képzésekben? Nemzetközi kitekintés a, szivárgó vezeték”-Metaforára. Replika, 85-216.
-
Pant, Y. & Jayant, J. (2024). Exploring strategies and motivational tools for female employee job satisfaction and longevity. In: 2024 International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Computing Technologies (ICEECT), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceect61758.2024.10739097
-
Pogátsa, Z. (2024). Digitális kapitalizmus. Kossuth, Budapest.
-
Solymosi-Szekeres, B. (2025). A global analysis of menstruation-friendly working practices through an evaluation of international examples. Review of European and Comparative Law, 60(1), 27-47.
-
Szekeres, B. & Mélypataki, G. (2022). A menstruációs szabadság bevezetésének jogelméleti és gyakorlati kérdései. Közjogi Szemle, 15(4), 49-55.