BLOKZİNCİR TABANLI SİSTEMLER ARACILIĞIYLA AFET GÖNÜLLÜLÜĞÜNDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİN ARTIRILMASI: SİSTEMSEL ZORLUKLAR VE STRATEJİK FIRSATLAR

Year 2025, Issue: Special Issue of the Conference on Digitalization and Society, 15 - 28, 22.10.2025

Salih Tosun

Abstract

Afet gönüllülüğü, hızlı acil müdahale, yerel dayanıklılığın güçlendirilmesi ve krizler sırasında kolektif seferberliğin sağlanmasında hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, gönüllü katılımının sürekliliği ve etkinliği, kimlik doğrulama, görev dağılımı, katkıların tanınması, motivasyon ve kurumlar arası koordinasyon gibi kalıcı sistemsel zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışma, blokzincir teknolojisinin merkeziyetsiz güven mekanizmaları, değiştirilemez veri altyapısı ve programlanabilir teşvik sistemleri aracılığıyla gönüllü yönetiminde sürdürülebilirliği nasıl artırabileceğini kavramsal olarak incelemektedir. Yapılandırılmış bir literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılarak, afet yönetimi, dijital yönetişim ve blokzincir araştırmalarına ait akademik bulgular, bu alanların kesişimindeki engelleri belirlemek için sentezlenmiştir. Bu analiz temelinde, çalışma beş entegre bileşenden oluşan bütüncül bir blokzincir tabanlı gönüllü yönetim modeli önermektedir: kimlik doğrulama, otomatik görev eşleştirme, şeffaf katkı kaydı, token tabanlı ödül mekanizmaları ve çok paydaşlı yönetişim yapıları. Model, mevcut sistemdeki şeffaflık, kapsayıcılık ve hesap verebilirlik eksikliklerini aşmayı; gönüllüler ve kurumlar arasında ölçülebilir motivasyon ve koordinasyonu teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, önerilen çerçeve, dijital sosyal altyapının yeniden tasarlanmasına katkı sağlayarak sürdürülebilir ve katılımcı afet gönüllülüğü için ölçeklenebilir, güvene dayalı bir yapı sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Blokzincir , Afet Gönüllülüğü , Sürdürülebilirlik , Gönüllü Yönetimi

ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN DISASTER VOLUNTEERING THROUGH BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SYSTEMS: SYSTEMIC CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

Disaster volunteering plays a vital role in rapid emergency response, strengthening local resilience, and enabling collective mobilization during crises. Nevertheless, the continuity and effectiveness of volunteer participation face persistent systemic challenges, including identity verification, task allocation, contribution recognition, motivation, and inter-institutional coordination. This study conceptually explores how blockchain technology—through its decentralized trust mechanisms, immutable data infrastructure, and programmable incentive systems—can enhance sustainability in volunteer management. Using a structured literature review method, academic findings from disaster management, digital governance, and blockchain research were synthesized to identify the barriers at their intersection. Based on this analysis, the study proposes a holistic blockchain-based volunteer management model composed of five integrated components: identity verification, automated task matching, transparent contribution recording, tokenized reward mechanisms, and multi-stakeholder governance structures. The model aims to overcome the current system’s deficiencies in transparency, inclusiveness, and accountability while promoting measurable motivation and coordination among volunteers and institutions. Ultimately, the proposed framework contributes to reimagining digital social infrastructure, providing a scalable and trust-based architecture for sustainable and participatory disaster volunteering.

Keywords

Blockchain , Disaster Volunteering , Sustainability , Volunteer Management

References

• Atzori, M. (2017). Blockchain technology and decentralized governance: Is the state still necessary? Journal of Governance and Regulation, 6(1), 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i1_p5
• Buterin, V. (2014). A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. Ethereum White Paper, 3(37), 2-1. https://cryptorating.eu/whitepapers/Ethereum/Ethereum_white_paper.pdf
• Catalini, C., & Gans, J. S. (2020). Some simple economics of the blockchain. Communications of the ACM, 63(7), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359552
• Ceylan, O., & Isık, A. H. (2023). Blokzincir teknolojisi ve uygulama alanları. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 129–154.
• Clary, E. G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J., Stukas, A. A., Haugen, J., & Miene, P. (1998). Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: A functional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516–1530.
• Dignum, V. (2019). Responsible artificial intelligence: How to develop and use AI in a responsible way (Vol. 2156). Cham: Springer.
• Dynes, R. R. (1994). Community emergency planning: False assumptions and inappropriate analogies. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 12(2), 141–158.
• Fan, X. (2021). Charity supervision management system based on blockchain. In 2021 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Management Technology (ICCSMT) (pp. 554–557). Shanghai, China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSMT54525.2021.00109
• Fernandez, L. S., Barbera, J. A., & Van Drop, J. R. (2006). Strategies for managing volunteers during incident response: A systems approach. Homeland Security Affairs, 2(3), 1–15. https://hdl.handle.net/10945/25078
• Hustinx, L., Handy, F., & Cnaan, R. A. (2010). Volunteering. In R. Taylor (Ed.), Third Sector Research (pp. 1–23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5707-8_7
• Kapucu, N. (2008). Collaborative emergency management: Better community organizing, better public preparedness and response. Disasters, 32(2), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01037.x
• Kitchenham, B. (2004). Procedures for performing systematic reviews (Technical Report TR/SE-0401, 1–26). Keele University.
• Kleczewski, A. G. (2025). Connecting worlds: Reconciling DAOs and traditional organizations for better collective governance. In Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in the Legal Landscape (pp. 53–72). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035341627.00011
• Knight, A. (2020). Hacking connected cars: Tactics, techniques, and procedures. John Wiley & Sons.
• Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005
• Künkül, S., & Durukal, O. (2025). Blokzincir teknolojisi ve akıllı sözleşmeler: Hizmet alanları üzerine bir inceleme. Söke İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 24–36.
• Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
• Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://assets.pubpub.org/d8wct41f/31611263538139.pdf
• Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A., & Goldfeder, S. (2016). Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: A comprehensive introduction. Princeton University Press.
• Özdemir, N. E., Cerev, G., Sariipek, D. B., & Tosun, S. (2024). Blockchain technology and social policy transformation: A critical examination and recommendations. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 87, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2024.87.1468729
• Palttala, P., Boano, C., Lund, R., & Vos, M. (2012). Communication gaps in disaster management: Perceptions by experts from governmental and non-governmental organizations. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 20(1), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2011.00656.x
• Pava-Díaz, R. A., Gil-Ruiz, J., & López-Sarmiento, D. A. (2024). Self-sovereign identity on the blockchain: Contextual analysis and quantification of SSI principles implementation. Frontiers in Blockchain, 7, 1443362. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2024.1443362
• Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, S., & Keogh, J. G. (2023). Exploring blockchain research in supply chain management: A latent Dirichlet allocation-driven systematic review. Information, 14(10), 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100557
• Saberi, S., Kouhizadeh, M., Sarkis, J., & Shen, L. (2019). Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 2117–2135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1533261
• Sharples, M., & Domingue, J. (2016). The blockchain and Kudos: A distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward. In K. Verbert, M. Sharples, & T. Klobučar (Eds.), Adaptive and Adaptable Learning. EC-TEL 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 9891, pp. 448–460). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45153-4_48
• Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind Bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin.
• Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
• Twigg, J., & Mosel, I. (2017). Emergent groups and spontaneous volunteers in urban disaster response. Environment & Urbanization, 29(2), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247817721413
• Wang, Y., Han, J., & Beynon-Davies, P. (2019). Understanding blockchain technology for future supply chains: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 24(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-03-2018-0148
• Whittaker, J., McLennan, B., & Handmer, J. (2015). A review of informal volunteerism in emergencies and disasters: Definition, opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 13, 358–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.07.010