Research Article

DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control

Number: Advanced Online Publication Early Pub Date: July 14, 2026
EN TR

DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control

Abstract

Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms are also used in TCP/IP networks to alleviate congestion, decrease queueing delay, and increase throughput. In related work, the BLUE Algorithm (Adaptive) is an AQM that controls congestion by adjusting the likelihood of dropping packets in response to network events. However, the performance of these solutions is heavily dependent on a set of fixed configuration parameters, resulting in limited adaptation to dynamic network conditions. To address this limitation, a Deep Reinforcement Learning-enhanced version of it, called BLUE (DRL-BLUE), is proposed in this paper, using the methodology of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG). Unlike traditional methods, which fix parameter values at the beginning of the process, this contribution proposes a flexible approach for queue estimation and congestion responsiveness, enabling dynamic adjustments to the parameter wq (queue weight). Instead, the DDPG agent continues to learn adaptive control by interactively exploring the network environment over time, enabling the BLUE algorithm to configure itself to different traffic scenarios without any explicit traffic models. Our proposed framework is tested under low- and high-density network scenarios and compared with the classical BLUE algorithm in terms of throughput, delay, and packet loss ratio (PLR). Experimental results show that the proposed DRL-BLUE approach improves network performance in most evaluated scenarios. Figure 10 shows the throughput, packet loss ratio, and delay in a high-density scenario with 10 active senders; high density is defined as having more than 5 active senders competing to receive packets. The overall results show that the adaptive tuning queue weight parameter with DDPG enhances congestion control performance through higher throughput, lower packet losses, even in obstructed transmission attempts, and keeps low queueing delays when faced with changing data from network usages.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Artificial Intelligence (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

July 14, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

October 27, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

APA
Mohammed, S., Shwaish, M., & Hamid, M. (2026). DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, Advanced Online Publication, 57-63. https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP
AMA
1.Mohammed S, Shwaish M, Hamid M. DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control. IJMSIT. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):57-63. https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP
Chicago
Mohammed, Sawsan, Mohanad Shwaish, and Majid Hamid. 2026. “DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, no. Advanced Online Publication: 57-63. https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP.
EndNote
Mohammed S, Shwaish M, Hamid M (July 1, 2026) DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies Advanced Online Publication 57–63.
IEEE
[1]S. Mohammed, M. Shwaish, and M. Hamid, “DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control”, IJMSIT, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 57–63, July 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP
ISNAD
Mohammed, Sawsan - Shwaish, Mohanad - Hamid, Majid. “DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies. Advanced Online Publication (July 1, 2026): 57-63. https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP.
JAMA
1.Mohammed S, Shwaish M, Hamid M. DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control. IJMSIT. 2026;:57–63.
MLA
Mohammed, Sawsan, et al. “DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies, no. Advanced Online Publication, July 2026, pp. 57-63, https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP.
Vancouver
1.Sawsan Mohammed, Mohanad Shwaish, Majid Hamid. DDPG-Enhanced Integration of the BLUE Algorithm for Adaptive Active Queue Management and Congestion Control. IJMSIT [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):57-63. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA24UL94YP