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TR
Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace
Abstract
With the Industrial Revolution, the demand for educated and skilled labor increased, paving the way for the expansion of educational institutions. Over time, many European states made formal education compulsory in response to this need. In the Ottoman Empire, however, attention during the same period was primarily directed toward military education. During the reign of Mahmud II, Sıbyan schools were established and compulsory education was introduced. Although efforts to expand education continued in subsequent periods, the desired outcomes could not be achieved. The Second Constitutional Era, in particular, witnessed accelerated initiatives aimed at increasing the number of schools. Nevertheless, the cycle of warfare beginning with the Italo-Turkish War redirected state expenditures largely toward military needs, thereby limiting progress in the field of education. Following these prolonged wars, the newly founded Republic of Turkey prioritized educational reform. In this context, the Congress of Education (Maarif Kongresi), convened in Ankara between 15 and 21 July 1921, identified the needs of the Turkish education system. A nationwide educational mobilization was launched, and various legal arrangements were enacted to expand education from rural to urban areas. Schools and village reading rooms were constructed in rural settlements, and boarding schools were established for children living in villages without schools. In addition, the opening of “Millet Mektepleri” strengthened non-formal educational activities. Sports clubs were also established in provinces, districts, and villages to introduce the public to various branches of sports. All these efforts were monitored through a meticulous system of inspection, and reports prepared by the General Inspectorates were regularly submitted to the government. This study examines, in the light of archival documents, the reports and correspondence prepared by provincial directorates of education regarding the activities, numbers, and budgets of fee-based or free boarding schools, Millet Mektepleri, village reading rooms, and youth sports associations in the Thrace region, as well as information concerning the students, athletes, and local inhabitants who benefited from these institutions, as requested by the Thrace General Inspectorate.
Keywords
References
- Köse, O., Ö. Köse, Z. (2018). Trakya Umumi Müfettişliği’nin II. Tarih Kurultayı Münasebetiyle Sunduğu Rapor Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme. V. Uluslararası Tarih Eğitimi Sempozyumu (10-12 Mayıs İstanbul). İstanbul Üniversitesi. Muraz Budak, Ö. (2018). Ayıntab Kazası Eğitim Kurumları (1839-1876). Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi, 5(17), 277-294.
- Türkmen, Z.(2006), Vilayât-ı Şarkiye (Doğu Anadolu Vilayetleri) Islahat Müfettişliği (1913-1914), Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 2006.
- Uyanık, E., Kaya, M. M., & Elçiçeği, B. (2021). II. Meşrutiyet döneminde eğitim tartışmaları ve 1913 tarihli Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanunu’nun uygulanması. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 163-185. https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.908998
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Social and Humanities Education (Excluding Economics, Business and Management)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Early Pub Date
December 8, 2025
Publication Date
December 7, 2025
Submission Date
November 22, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 4, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 3
APA
Bolat Bozaslan, N. (2025). Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace. International Journal of Field Education, 11(3), 120-132. https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR
AMA
1.Bolat Bozaslan N. Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace. IJOFE. 2025;11(3):120-132. https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR
Chicago
Bolat Bozaslan, Neslihan. 2025. “Education in the Thrace Region According to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace”. International Journal of Field Education 11 (3): 120-32. https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR.
EndNote
Bolat Bozaslan N (December 1, 2025) Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace. International Journal of Field Education 11 3 120–132.
IEEE
[1]N. Bolat Bozaslan, “Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace”, IJOFE, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 120–132, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR
ISNAD
Bolat Bozaslan, Neslihan. “Education in the Thrace Region According to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace”. International Journal of Field Education 11/3 (December 1, 2025): 120-132. https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR.
JAMA
1.Bolat Bozaslan N. Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace. IJOFE. 2025;11:120–132.
MLA
Bolat Bozaslan, Neslihan. “Education in the Thrace Region According to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace”. International Journal of Field Education, vol. 11, no. 3, Dec. 2025, pp. 120-32, https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR.
Vancouver
1.Neslihan Bolat Bozaslan. Education in the Thrace Region according to the 1935 Reports of the General Inspectorate of Thrace. IJOFE [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;11(3):120-32. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA68BR43GR