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Multiphysics Simulation-Based Evaluation of Piezoelectric Materials Using COMSOL: A Study on Stress and Displacement Behaviors
Abstract
In this study, the performance of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃), and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric materials was investigated through numerical simulations using the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. The aim was to analyze the stress distribution and volumetric displacement behavior of these materials under varying mechanical loads (3,000 Pa, 5,000 Pa, and 10,000 Pa) and electrical potentials (5–25 V) to determine their suitability for flexible sensor applications. PVDF, due to its polymeric and flexible nature, exhibited low stress accumulation but high displacement, making it ideal for large-deformation applications such as wearable electronics. BaTiO₃ demonstrated a balanced response with moderate deformation and stress, positioning it as a suitable candidate for hybrid actuator-sensor systems. ZnO, characterized by its rigid crystalline structure, showed the highest stress concentration with minimal deformation, proving its effectiveness in stress-based micro-scale sensors. The simulations confirmed that material selection for piezoelectric systems should be made not solely based on piezoelectric coefficients, but also on comprehensive electromechanical behavior under applied loads. These findings contribute to the design of next-generation smart sensors, energy harvesters, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) by providing comparative insights into the material-specific responses in multiphysical environments.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Tübitak
Thanks
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References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Nanotechnology (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
December 31, 2025
Submission Date
July 4, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 18, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 1970 Number: Special Issue