Research Article

Multiphysics Simulation-Based Evaluation of Piezoelectric Materials Using COMSOL: A Study on Stress and Displacement Behaviors

Number: Special Issue December 31, 2025
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Multiphysics Simulation-Based Evaluation of Piezoelectric Materials Using COMSOL: A Study on Stress and Displacement Behaviors

Abstract

In this study, the performance of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃), and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric materials was investigated through numerical simulations using the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. The aim was to analyze the stress distribution and volumetric displacement behavior of these materials under varying mechanical loads (3,000 Pa, 5,000 Pa, and 10,000 Pa) and electrical potentials (5–25 V) to determine their suitability for flexible sensor applications. PVDF, due to its polymeric and flexible nature, exhibited low stress accumulation but high displacement, making it ideal for large-deformation applications such as wearable electronics. BaTiO₃ demonstrated a balanced response with moderate deformation and stress, positioning it as a suitable candidate for hybrid actuator-sensor systems. ZnO, characterized by its rigid crystalline structure, showed the highest stress concentration with minimal deformation, proving its effectiveness in stress-based micro-scale sensors. The simulations confirmed that material selection for piezoelectric systems should be made not solely based on piezoelectric coefficients, but also on comprehensive electromechanical behavior under applied loads. These findings contribute to the design of next-generation smart sensors, energy harvesters, and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) by providing comparative insights into the material-specific responses in multiphysical environments.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Tübitak

Thanks

Bu proje Tübitak 2209 destek programı 2023-2. dönem destekleri kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Nanotechnology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Durmuş Ali Karakelle This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

July 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Number: Special Issue

IEEE
[1]D. A. Karakelle, N. Ekmen, and G. Konuk Ege, “Multiphysics Simulation-Based Evaluation of Piezoelectric Materials Using COMSOL: A Study on Stress and Displacement Behaviors”, IJONFEST, no. Special Issue, pp. 66–74, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.61150/ijonfest.2025030307.