From Textile Architecture to Experimental Validation in Textile-Based Wound Dressings: A Patent-Family Analysis (1992–2025)

Abstract

This study traces technological change in textile-based wound dressings by examining fiber and surface architecture, the mechanisms generated by these structures, and the extent of experimental validation. Searches of Google Patents, Espacenet, and WIPO PATENTSCOPE yielded 27 unique patent families with first priority dates from 1992 onward and representative publications available by 31 December 2025. Each family was coded for its main production or construction method, fiber and surface architecture, geometry–mechanism–function relation, intended wound-care functions, and validation type. Electrospinning-based nanofiber systems represented 37.0% of the data set, followed by conventional nonwoven, spunlace, and hydroentangled structures (25.9%) and woven or knitted structures (18.5%). The chronological distribution shows integration rather than simple replacement: conventional textile surfaces increasingly appeared alongside multilayer structures, core–shell fibers, hydrogel phases, and Janus or asymmetric surfaces. Morphological or chemical characterization was the most frequent validation type (40.7%), whereas animal studies (7.4%) and clinical or applied human-use data (3.7%) were uncommon. Although exudate management was claimed in 17 patent families, only five reported direct functional testing. The resulting gap between claimed performance and functional, biological, or clinical evidence highlights the value of assessing wound-dressing patents through the actual technical role of textile architecture within a geometry–mechanism–function–validation framework.

Keywords

• Medical Textiles
• Patent-Family Analysis
• Textile Architecture
• Electrospinning
• Wound Dressing

Supporting Institution

This study received no specific financial support from any public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agency.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because it was based exclusively on publicly available patent documents and did not involve human participants, animals, or personal data.

Tekstil Esaslı Yara Örtülerinde Tekstil Mimarisinden Deneysel Doğrulamaya: Patent Ailesi Analizi (1992–2025)

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tekstil esaslı yara örtülerindeki teknolojik değişimi; lif ve yüzey mimarisi, bu yapıların oluşturduğu mekanizmalar ve deneysel doğrulama düzeyi açısından incelemektedir. Google Patents, Espacenet ve WIPO PATENTSCOPE veri tabanlarında gerçekleştirilen taramalar sonucunda, ilk öncelik tarihleri 1992 ve sonrasına ait olan ve 31 Aralık 2025 tarihine kadar temsilci yayınları erişilebilir durumda bulunan 27 benzersiz patent ailesi belirlenmiştir. Her patent ailesi; temel üretim veya yapılandırma yöntemi, lif ve yüzey mimarisi, geometri–mekanizma–işlev ilişkisi, hedeflenen yara bakım işlevleri ve doğrulama türü açısından kodlanmıştır. Elektrospinning esaslı nanolif sistemleri veri setinin %37,0’ını oluştururken, bunları konvansiyonel dokusuz yüzeyler, spunlace ve hidroentanglement yapıları (%25,9) ile dokuma veya örme yapılar (%18,5) izlemiştir. Kronolojik dağılım, teknolojik gelişimin basit bir yer değiştirmeden çok farklı yapıların bütünleşmesi şeklinde ilerlediğini göstermektedir. Konvansiyonel tekstil yüzeylerinin zamanla çok katmanlı yapılar, çekirdek–kabuk lifler, hidrojel fazları ve Janus veya asimetrik yüzeylerle birlikte kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Morfolojik veya kimyasal karakterizasyon en yaygın doğrulama türü (%40,7) olurken, hayvan çalışmaları (%7,4) ile klinik veya insan kullanımına ilişkin uygulamalı veriler (%3,7) sınırlı kalmıştır. Eksüda yönetimi 17 patent ailesinde iddia edilmesine rağmen yalnızca beşinde doğrudan işlevsel test raporlanmıştır. İddia edilen performans ile işlevsel, biyolojik veya klinik kanıtlar arasındaki bu fark, yara örtüsü patentlerinin geometri–mekanizma–işlev–doğrulama çerçevesinde ve tekstil mimarisinin gerçek teknik rolü dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Medikal Tekstiller
• Patent-Ailesi Analizi
• Tekstil Mimarisi
• Yara Örtüsü
• Ekektrospinning

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma kamu, ticari veya kâr amacı gütmeyen herhangi bir fon kuruluşundan özel bir mali destek almamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma yalnızca kamuya açık patent belgelerine dayandığından ve insan katılımcıları, hayvanlar veya kişisel veriler üzerinde herhangi bir araştırma içermediğinden etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

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