Research Article
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Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Flow Experiences: From High School to University

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 13, 16 - 39, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.20860/ijoses.653032

Abstract

Flow is a subjective experience that
is a state of being totally involved, absorbed by activity and focused while
enjoying doing the activity for its own sake. Researchers found out flow
experience is effective in learning and teaching process. Therefore, the
purpose of the research was to investigate the flow status of prospective
mathematics teachers at major courses in university and whether their flow
status is changed from high school to university, or not. It is also determined
the factors affecting their flow experiences. The design of the longitudinal
research conducted with 36 participants is a mixed study including descriptive
study and multiple case study. Data collection tools are the form for the degree
of difficulty of YGS 2017 questions in order to get information students’ flow
experience in high school, Flow Short Scale developed by Rheinberg, Vollmeyer,
and Engeser (2003) and semi-structured interviews are used. Results show a few
numbers of student teachers experience flow; the majority feel at ease.
Moreover, instructor factor, academic effort, goal orientation, and
preparedness have impacts on student teachers’ flow status.

References

  • Belce, Ö. (2019). Flow experiences of EFL instructors in Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, Bilkent University).
  • Clarke, S. G., & Haworth, J. T. (1994). ‘Flow’experience in the daily lives of sixth‐form college students. British Journal of Psychology, 85(4), 511-523.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997a). Application of flow in human development and education. New York: Springer.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997b). Flow and education. The NAMTA Journal, 22, 3-35.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, I.S. (1988). Optimal experiences: Psyhological studies of flow in consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness (pp. 15-35). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 815–822.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Rathunde, K. (1997). Application of flow in human development and education. New York: Springer.
  • Cothran, D. J., & Ennis, C. D. (2000). Building bridges to student engagement: Communicating respect and care for students in urban high schools. Journal of Research & Development in Education.
  • Deci, E., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. Self-Determination Theory [On-line].
  • Ermiş, E.N. (2013). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akış Deneyimlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. İstanbul: Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ermiş, E. N. & Bayraktar, S. (2014). Flow experiences in university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 830-834. Frase, L. E. (1998). An Examination of Teachers' Flow Experiences, Efficacy, and Instructional Leadership in Large Inner-City and Urban School Districts.
  • Goulding, M., Hatch, G., & Rodd, M. (2003). Undergraduate mathematics experience: Its significance in secondary mathematics teacher preparation. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 6(4), 361-393.
  • Harackiewicz, J. M., Barron, K. E., Tauer, J. M., Carter, S. M., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Short-term and long-term consequences of achievement goals: Predicting interest and performance over time. Journal of educational psychology, 92(2), 316.
  • Hourigan, M., & O’Donoghue, J. (2007). Mathematical under-preparedness: the influence of the pre-tertiary mathematics experience on students’ ability to make a successful transition to tertiary level mathematics courses in Ireland. International journal of mathematical education in science and technology, 38(4), 461-476.
  • İşigüzel, B., & Çam, S. (2014). The adaptation of Flow Short Scale to Turkish: A validity and reliability study Flow Yaşantısı Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 788-801.
  • Jackson, S. A., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in Sports: The Keys to Optimal Experiences and Performances. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Jonsson, H., & Persson, D. (2006). Towards an experiential model of occupational balance: An alternative perspective on flow theory analysis. Journal of Occupational Science, 13(1), 62-73.
  • Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256.
  • Malmberg, L. E. (2008). Student teachers' achievement goal orientations during teacher studies: Antecedents, correlates and outcomes. Learning and Instruction, 18(5), 438-452.
  • Marks, H. M. (2000). Student engagement in instructional activity: Patterns in the elementary, middle and high school years. American Educational Research Journal, 37, 153–184.
  • Mason, L. (2003). High school students' beliefs about maths, mathematical problem solving, and their achievement in maths: A cross-sectional study. Educational psychology, 23(1), 73-85.
  • Massimini, F., & Carli, M. (1988). The systematic assessment of flow in daily life. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 266–287). New York: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
  • Matthews, B., & Ross, L. (2010). Research methods. Longman/Pearson Education.
  • Morse, J. M. (2003). Principles of mixed methods and multimethod research design. Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research, 1, 189-208.
  • Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd edn., pp. 195–206). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Novak, T. P., & Hoffman D. L. (1997). Measuring the flow experience among web users. Paper Presented at Interval Research Corporation, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, USA.
  • Novak, T. P., Hoffman, D. L., & Yung, Y.-F. (2000). Measuring the costumer experience in online environments: A structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19, 22-42.
  • Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and practice. Chapter, 5, 153-197.
  • Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., & Engeser, S. (2003). Die erfassung des flow-erlebens.
  • Ryan, R.M & Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Education Psychology, 25, 54-67.
  • Schmidt, J. A., Shernoff, D. J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Individual and situational factors related to the experience of flow in adolescence. In Applications of flow in human development and education (pp. 379-405). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Schunk, D.H., Pintrich, P.R. & Meece, J.R. (2002). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research and Applications, 2,5-6, New Jersey:Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Schüler, J. (2007). Arousal of flow experience in a learning setting and its effects on exam performance and affect. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 21(3/4), 217-227.
  • Shernoff, D. J., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Schneider, B., & Shernoff, E. S. (2014). Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory. In Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education, 475-494. Springer Netherlands.
  • Steinberg, L. D., Brown, B. B., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1996). Beyond the classroom: Why school reform has failed and what parents need to do. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Stavrou, N. A., Psychountaki, M., Georgiadis, E., Karteroliotis, K., & Zervas, Y. (2015). Flow theory–goal orientation theory: positive experience is related to athlete’s goal orientation. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1499.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.

Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Akış Deneyimi: Liseden Üniversiteye

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 13, 16 - 39, 15.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.20860/ijoses.653032

Abstract

Öznel bir deneyim olarak akış, bir
etkinliği gerçekleştirirken amacın yalnızca etkinliğin kendisinin olduğu,
keyifle tamamen kendini kaptırdığı, etkinlikle bütünleştiği ve odaklandığı bir
durumdur. Araştırmacılar akış deneyiminin öğrnme ve öğretme süreçleri üzerinde
etkili olduğunu tespit etmişlerdir. Bu nedenle, bu araştırmanın amacı matematik
öğretmen adaylarının üniversitede aldıkları alan derslerinde akış yaşama
durumlarını incelemek ve liseden üniversiteye akış deneyimlerinde değişiklik
olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Ayrıca, değişikliğin olduğu ve olmadığı
durumları etkileyen faktörlerin ne olduğunu belirlemek araştrımanın
amaçlarındandır. 36 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen uzun süreli çalışmanın
araştırma deseni betimsel ve çoklu durum çalışmalarını içeren karma araştırma
yöntemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak lisedeki akış
durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla YGS 2017 sorularının zorluk derecelerinin
puanlandırılması için bir form, Rheinberg, Vollmeyer ve Engeser (2003) tarafından
oluşturulan ve İşigüzel ve Çam (2014) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Akış Kısa
Ölçeği ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, az sayıda
öğretmen adayının bu dersler kapsamında akış yaşadıkları, çoğunluğun rahatlama
kanalında olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, öğretmen faktörünün, akademik çabanın,
hedef yöneliminin ve hazırbulunuşluğun öğretmen adaylarının akış yaşama
durumları üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Belce, Ö. (2019). Flow experiences of EFL instructors in Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, Bilkent University).
  • Clarke, S. G., & Haworth, J. T. (1994). ‘Flow’experience in the daily lives of sixth‐form college students. British Journal of Psychology, 85(4), 511-523.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997a). Application of flow in human development and education. New York: Springer.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997b). Flow and education. The NAMTA Journal, 22, 3-35.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, I.S. (1988). Optimal experiences: Psyhological studies of flow in consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal Experience: Psychological Studies of Flow in Consciousness (pp. 15-35). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 815–822.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Rathunde, K. (1997). Application of flow in human development and education. New York: Springer.
  • Cothran, D. J., & Ennis, C. D. (2000). Building bridges to student engagement: Communicating respect and care for students in urban high schools. Journal of Research & Development in Education.
  • Deci, E., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. Self-Determination Theory [On-line].
  • Ermiş, E.N. (2013). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akış Deneyimlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. İstanbul: Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ermiş, E. N. & Bayraktar, S. (2014). Flow experiences in university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 830-834. Frase, L. E. (1998). An Examination of Teachers' Flow Experiences, Efficacy, and Instructional Leadership in Large Inner-City and Urban School Districts.
  • Goulding, M., Hatch, G., & Rodd, M. (2003). Undergraduate mathematics experience: Its significance in secondary mathematics teacher preparation. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 6(4), 361-393.
  • Harackiewicz, J. M., Barron, K. E., Tauer, J. M., Carter, S. M., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Short-term and long-term consequences of achievement goals: Predicting interest and performance over time. Journal of educational psychology, 92(2), 316.
  • Hourigan, M., & O’Donoghue, J. (2007). Mathematical under-preparedness: the influence of the pre-tertiary mathematics experience on students’ ability to make a successful transition to tertiary level mathematics courses in Ireland. International journal of mathematical education in science and technology, 38(4), 461-476.
  • İşigüzel, B., & Çam, S. (2014). The adaptation of Flow Short Scale to Turkish: A validity and reliability study Flow Yaşantısı Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2), 788-801.
  • Jackson, S. A., and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in Sports: The Keys to Optimal Experiences and Performances. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Jonsson, H., & Persson, D. (2006). Towards an experiential model of occupational balance: An alternative perspective on flow theory analysis. Journal of Occupational Science, 13(1), 62-73.
  • Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 255-256.
  • Malmberg, L. E. (2008). Student teachers' achievement goal orientations during teacher studies: Antecedents, correlates and outcomes. Learning and Instruction, 18(5), 438-452.
  • Marks, H. M. (2000). Student engagement in instructional activity: Patterns in the elementary, middle and high school years. American Educational Research Journal, 37, 153–184.
  • Mason, L. (2003). High school students' beliefs about maths, mathematical problem solving, and their achievement in maths: A cross-sectional study. Educational psychology, 23(1), 73-85.
  • Massimini, F., & Carli, M. (1988). The systematic assessment of flow in daily life. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 266–287). New York: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
  • Matthews, B., & Ross, L. (2010). Research methods. Longman/Pearson Education.
  • Morse, J. M. (2003). Principles of mixed methods and multimethod research design. Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research, 1, 189-208.
  • Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd edn., pp. 195–206). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Novak, T. P., & Hoffman D. L. (1997). Measuring the flow experience among web users. Paper Presented at Interval Research Corporation, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee, USA.
  • Novak, T. P., Hoffman, D. L., & Yung, Y.-F. (2000). Measuring the costumer experience in online environments: A structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19, 22-42.
  • Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and practice. Chapter, 5, 153-197.
  • Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., & Engeser, S. (2003). Die erfassung des flow-erlebens.
  • Ryan, R.M & Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Education Psychology, 25, 54-67.
  • Schmidt, J. A., Shernoff, D. J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Individual and situational factors related to the experience of flow in adolescence. In Applications of flow in human development and education (pp. 379-405). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Schunk, D.H., Pintrich, P.R. & Meece, J.R. (2002). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research and Applications, 2,5-6, New Jersey:Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Schüler, J. (2007). Arousal of flow experience in a learning setting and its effects on exam performance and affect. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 21(3/4), 217-227.
  • Shernoff, D. J., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Schneider, B., & Shernoff, E. S. (2014). Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory. In Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education, 475-494. Springer Netherlands.
  • Steinberg, L. D., Brown, B. B., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1996). Beyond the classroom: Why school reform has failed and what parents need to do. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Stavrou, N. A., Psychountaki, M., Georgiadis, E., Karteroliotis, K., & Zervas, Y. (2015). Flow theory–goal orientation theory: positive experience is related to athlete’s goal orientation. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1499.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşenur Uyma 0000-0002-5579-1634

Hasan Ünal 0000-0002-4661-111X

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Submission Date November 29, 2019
Acceptance Date January 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 13

Cite

APA Uyma, A., & Ünal, H. (2020). Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Flow Experiences: From High School to University. Uluslararası Sosyal Ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(13), 16-39. https://doi.org/10.20860/ijoses.653032

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