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Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 19 - 26, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1372558

Abstract

Increasing concern about climate change and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels have driven the search for more sustainable energy alternatives. One way to reduce emissions is by adding oxygenated compounds such as biodiesel and alcohols to diesel fuel. However, this can lead to phase separation between the fuels and have serious consequences for engine performance. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol content on the miscibility of components in mixtures containing ethanol + biodiesel + diesel through the study of liquid-liquid equilibrium. The results from ternary phase diagrams revealed that the amount of water present in ethanol has a significant effect on the miscibility of the mixture components, with larger biphasic regions observed in systems with lower ethanol content. For the 95% ethanol diagram, the reliability of experimental data on equilibrium lines was assessed through the Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlations, which showed correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.996 and 0.995, respectively. The results obtained from the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models demonstrated excellent agreement with the experimental data, with a deviation of only 1.78 and 0.78% for the NRTL and UNIQUAC models.

References

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  • N. Gaurav, S. Sivasankari, G. S. Kiran, A. Ninawe, and J. Selvin, “Utilization of bioresources for sustainable biofuels: A Review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 73, no. January, pp. 205–214, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.070.
  • F. Fangfang, A. Alagumalai, and O. Mahian, “Sustainable biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: ANN modeling and environmental factor assessment,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 46, no. May, p. 101265, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101265.
  • J. Xue, T. E. Grift, and A. C. Hansen, “Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1098–1116, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.016.
  • H. Kuszewski, “Experimental investigation of the autoignition properties of ethanol–biodiesel fuel blends,” Fuel, vol. 235, no. September 2018, pp. 1301–1308, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.146.
  • Y. Yoshimoto, E. Kinoshita, L. Shanbu, and T. Ohmura, “Influence of 1-butanol addition on diesel combustion with palm oil methyl ester/gas oil blends,” Energy, vol. 61, pp. 44–51, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.11.039.
  • H. Venu, “An experimental assessment on the influence of fuel-borne additives on ternary fuel (diesel–biodiesel–ethanol) blends operated in a single cylinder diesel engine,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., pp. 14660–14672, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04739-5.
  • S. A. Shahir, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. Imran, I. M. R. Fattah, and A. Sanjid, “Feasibility of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol/bioethanol blend as existing CI engine fuel: An assessment of properties, material compatibility, safety and combustion,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 32, pp. 379–395, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.029.
  • J. Baeyens, Q. Kang, L. Appels, R. Dewil, Y. Lv, and T. Tan, “Challenges and opportunities in improving the production of bio-ethanol,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 60–88, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.10.003.
  • P. Kwanchareon, A. Luengnaruemitchai, and S. Jai-In, “Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 86, no. 7–8, pp. 1053–1061, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.034.
  • H. An, W. M. Yang, and J. Li, “Effects of ethanol addition on biodiesel combustion: A modeling study,” Appl. Energy, vol. 143, no. x, pp. 176–188, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.033.
  • R. N. Bonacorso, “Estudo do equilíbrio líquido-líquido de sistemas contendo misturas de diesel/biodiesel/etanol/1- butanol,” P.h.D dissertation, Dept. Chem. Eng., Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 2021.
  • Z. Yang, C. Ren, S. Jiang, Y. Xin, Y. Hu, and Z. Liu, “Theoretical predictions of compatibility of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers with diesel fuels and diesel additives,” Fuel, vol. 307, no. x, p. 121797, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121797.
  • J. K. A. Bezerra, L. J. N. Duarte, H. N. M. de Oliveira, G. G. de Medeiros, and E. L. de Barros Neto, “Experimental Study of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Modeling for Systems Containing Alcohols + Biodiesel + Diesel,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.68, 1739-1747, 2023, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.3c00261.
  • J. BEZERRA, M. R. D. A. ANDRADE, E. R. SİLVA, L. D. J. N. DUARTE, G. G. MEDEİROS, and E. L. De BARROS NETO, “Thermodynamic Modeling of Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in Ternary Systems with Biodiesel and Isolated Ester (Methyl Palmitate),” Int. J. Thermodyn., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 56–65, 2022, doi: 10.5541/ijot.1136615.
  • A. A. Evangelista Neto, J. C. C. Sobrinho, H. N. M. Oliveira, H. F. S. Freitas, F. F. M. Silva, and E. L. Barros Neto, “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Pseudo-Ternary Biodiesel of Chicken Fat + Methanol + Glycerol,” Brazilian J. Pet. Gas, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 123–133, 2018, doi: 10.5419/bjpg2018-0012.
  • D. F. Othmer and E. Tobias, “Liquid-liquid extraction data - Tie Line Correlation,” Ind. Eng. Chem. vol.34, no.5, 1942, doi: https://doi.org.ez18.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1021/ie50390a600.
  • D. B. Hand, “Dineric distribution,” J. Phys. Chem. vol.34, no.9, 1961–2000, 1930, doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/j150315a009.
  • L. Stragevitch, "Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido de Misturas de Não Eletrólitos." P.h.D thesis, Dept. Chem. Eng. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, 1997.
  • R. C. Reid; J. M. Prausnitz; B.E. Poling, "The Properties of Gases and Liquids", McGraw-Hill, Inc. 4th ed. New York, 1987. ISBN 0-07-051799-1
  • S. Vasanthaseelan, “Comprehensive Analysis for Developing Novel Fuel Blend by Ternary Analysis using Diesel –Canola Methyl Ester (Canol Biodiesel) – Ethanol; Liquid – Liquid Equilibrium,” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 281–285, 2016.
  • Y. Jiang, S. Lin, H. Yan, H. Guo, and Q. Li, “Liquid-liquid equilibrium data measurement and thermodynamic modelling for ternary mixtures composed of water, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and different solvents at 298.2 K,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., vol. 165, pp. 0–7, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jct.2021.106669.
  • J. C. Nunes et al., “Experimental Data and Phase Equilibrium Modeling in Ternary and Pseudoquaternary Systems of Sunflower Oil for Biodiesel Production,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 412–420, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b00276.
  • D. Babu and R. Anand, “Effect of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol blends on diesel engine emission and combustion characteristics,” Energy, vol. 133, pp. 761–776, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.103.
  • T. Santos, J. F. Gomes, and J. Puna, “Liquid-liquid equilibrium for ternary system containing biodiesel, methanol and water,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 984–990, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.068.
  • X. Meng, X. Liu, J. Gao, D. Xu, L. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Isobutyl Acetate + Isobutyl Alcohol + Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids at 298.15 and 308.15 K,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 778–783, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b01045.
  • J. J. Silva, D. M. de Mello, R. F. Pires, and S. C. Dantas, “Estudo termodinâmico do equilíbrio líquido-líquido para o sistema acetato de etila + ácido acético + água,” Res. Soc. Dev., vol. 11, no. 7, p. e9311729685, 2022, doi: 10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29685.
  • I. E. P. Toledo et al., “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of the System {Peanut Biodiesel + Glycerol + Ethanol} at Atmospheric Pressure,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 2207–2212, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b01185.
  • G. D. Machado, M. Castier, A. P. Voll, V. F. Cabral, L. Cardozo-Filho, and D. A. G. Aranda, “Ethanol and methanol Unifac subgroup parameter estimation in the prediction of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of biodiesel systems,” Fluid Phase Equilib., vol. 488, pp. 79–86, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.fluid.2019.01.012.
Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 19 - 26, 01.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1372558

Abstract

References

  • M. H. M. Ashnani, A. Johari, H. Hashim, and E. Hasani, “A source of renewable energy in Malaysia, why biodiesel?,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 35, pp. 244–257, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.001.
  • A.B.M. Sharif Hossain, A. Salleh, A. N. Boyce, P. Chowdhury and M. Naqiuddin, “Biodiesel Fuel Production from Algae as Renewable Energy". J. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 250–254, 2008.
  • N. Gaurav, S. Sivasankari, G. S. Kiran, A. Ninawe, and J. Selvin, “Utilization of bioresources for sustainable biofuels: A Review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 73, no. January, pp. 205–214, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.070.
  • F. Fangfang, A. Alagumalai, and O. Mahian, “Sustainable biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: ANN modeling and environmental factor assessment,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 46, no. May, p. 101265, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101265.
  • J. Xue, T. E. Grift, and A. C. Hansen, “Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1098–1116, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.016.
  • H. Kuszewski, “Experimental investigation of the autoignition properties of ethanol–biodiesel fuel blends,” Fuel, vol. 235, no. September 2018, pp. 1301–1308, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.146.
  • Y. Yoshimoto, E. Kinoshita, L. Shanbu, and T. Ohmura, “Influence of 1-butanol addition on diesel combustion with palm oil methyl ester/gas oil blends,” Energy, vol. 61, pp. 44–51, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.11.039.
  • H. Venu, “An experimental assessment on the influence of fuel-borne additives on ternary fuel (diesel–biodiesel–ethanol) blends operated in a single cylinder diesel engine,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., pp. 14660–14672, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04739-5.
  • S. A. Shahir, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. Imran, I. M. R. Fattah, and A. Sanjid, “Feasibility of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol/bioethanol blend as existing CI engine fuel: An assessment of properties, material compatibility, safety and combustion,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 32, pp. 379–395, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.029.
  • J. Baeyens, Q. Kang, L. Appels, R. Dewil, Y. Lv, and T. Tan, “Challenges and opportunities in improving the production of bio-ethanol,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 60–88, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2014.10.003.
  • P. Kwanchareon, A. Luengnaruemitchai, and S. Jai-In, “Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 86, no. 7–8, pp. 1053–1061, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.034.
  • H. An, W. M. Yang, and J. Li, “Effects of ethanol addition on biodiesel combustion: A modeling study,” Appl. Energy, vol. 143, no. x, pp. 176–188, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.033.
  • R. N. Bonacorso, “Estudo do equilíbrio líquido-líquido de sistemas contendo misturas de diesel/biodiesel/etanol/1- butanol,” P.h.D dissertation, Dept. Chem. Eng., Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 2021.
  • Z. Yang, C. Ren, S. Jiang, Y. Xin, Y. Hu, and Z. Liu, “Theoretical predictions of compatibility of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers with diesel fuels and diesel additives,” Fuel, vol. 307, no. x, p. 121797, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121797.
  • J. K. A. Bezerra, L. J. N. Duarte, H. N. M. de Oliveira, G. G. de Medeiros, and E. L. de Barros Neto, “Experimental Study of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Modeling for Systems Containing Alcohols + Biodiesel + Diesel,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.68, 1739-1747, 2023, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.3c00261.
  • J. BEZERRA, M. R. D. A. ANDRADE, E. R. SİLVA, L. D. J. N. DUARTE, G. G. MEDEİROS, and E. L. De BARROS NETO, “Thermodynamic Modeling of Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in Ternary Systems with Biodiesel and Isolated Ester (Methyl Palmitate),” Int. J. Thermodyn., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 56–65, 2022, doi: 10.5541/ijot.1136615.
  • A. A. Evangelista Neto, J. C. C. Sobrinho, H. N. M. Oliveira, H. F. S. Freitas, F. F. M. Silva, and E. L. Barros Neto, “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Pseudo-Ternary Biodiesel of Chicken Fat + Methanol + Glycerol,” Brazilian J. Pet. Gas, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 123–133, 2018, doi: 10.5419/bjpg2018-0012.
  • D. F. Othmer and E. Tobias, “Liquid-liquid extraction data - Tie Line Correlation,” Ind. Eng. Chem. vol.34, no.5, 1942, doi: https://doi.org.ez18.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1021/ie50390a600.
  • D. B. Hand, “Dineric distribution,” J. Phys. Chem. vol.34, no.9, 1961–2000, 1930, doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/j150315a009.
  • L. Stragevitch, "Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido de Misturas de Não Eletrólitos." P.h.D thesis, Dept. Chem. Eng. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, 1997.
  • R. C. Reid; J. M. Prausnitz; B.E. Poling, "The Properties of Gases and Liquids", McGraw-Hill, Inc. 4th ed. New York, 1987. ISBN 0-07-051799-1
  • S. Vasanthaseelan, “Comprehensive Analysis for Developing Novel Fuel Blend by Ternary Analysis using Diesel –Canola Methyl Ester (Canol Biodiesel) – Ethanol; Liquid – Liquid Equilibrium,” Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 281–285, 2016.
  • Y. Jiang, S. Lin, H. Yan, H. Guo, and Q. Li, “Liquid-liquid equilibrium data measurement and thermodynamic modelling for ternary mixtures composed of water, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and different solvents at 298.2 K,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., vol. 165, pp. 0–7, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jct.2021.106669.
  • J. C. Nunes et al., “Experimental Data and Phase Equilibrium Modeling in Ternary and Pseudoquaternary Systems of Sunflower Oil for Biodiesel Production,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 412–420, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b00276.
  • D. Babu and R. Anand, “Effect of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol and biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol blends on diesel engine emission and combustion characteristics,” Energy, vol. 133, pp. 761–776, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.103.
  • T. Santos, J. F. Gomes, and J. Puna, “Liquid-liquid equilibrium for ternary system containing biodiesel, methanol and water,” J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 984–990, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.068.
  • X. Meng, X. Liu, J. Gao, D. Xu, L. Zhang, and Y. Wang, “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Isobutyl Acetate + Isobutyl Alcohol + Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids at 298.15 and 308.15 K,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 778–783, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b01045.
  • J. J. Silva, D. M. de Mello, R. F. Pires, and S. C. Dantas, “Estudo termodinâmico do equilíbrio líquido-líquido para o sistema acetato de etila + ácido acético + água,” Res. Soc. Dev., vol. 11, no. 7, p. e9311729685, 2022, doi: 10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29685.
  • I. E. P. Toledo et al., “Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of the System {Peanut Biodiesel + Glycerol + Ethanol} at Atmospheric Pressure,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 2207–2212, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b01185.
  • G. D. Machado, M. Castier, A. P. Voll, V. F. Cabral, L. Cardozo-Filho, and D. A. G. Aranda, “Ethanol and methanol Unifac subgroup parameter estimation in the prediction of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of biodiesel systems,” Fluid Phase Equilib., vol. 488, pp. 79–86, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.fluid.2019.01.012.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Energy Systems Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Lindemberg De Jesus Nogueira Duarte 0000-0001-5463-0655

Gilson Medeiros 0000-0002-5998-6682

Humberto Neves Maia De Oliveira 0000-0001-7465-9631

Eduardo Lins De Barros Neto 0000-0002-1310-7689

Rayandson Raimundo Da Silva 0009-0009-2716-034X

Jessyca Bezerra 0000-0002-1883-3153

Early Pub Date February 19, 2024
Publication Date June 1, 2024
Submission Date October 10, 2023
Acceptance Date January 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Nogueira Duarte, L. D. J., Medeiros, G., De Oliveira, H. N. M., Barros Neto, E. L. D., et al. (2024). Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System. International Journal of Thermodynamics, 27(2), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1372558
AMA Nogueira Duarte LDJ, Medeiros G, De Oliveira HNM, Barros Neto ELD, Da Silva RR, Bezerra J. Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System. International Journal of Thermodynamics. June 2024;27(2):19-26. doi:10.5541/ijot.1372558
Chicago Nogueira Duarte, Lindemberg De Jesus, Gilson Medeiros, Humberto Neves Maia De Oliveira, Eduardo Lins De Barros Neto, Rayandson Raimundo Da Silva, and Jessyca Bezerra. “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27, no. 2 (June 2024): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1372558.
EndNote Nogueira Duarte LDJ, Medeiros G, De Oliveira HNM, Barros Neto ELD, Da Silva RR, Bezerra J (June 1, 2024) Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27 2 19–26.
IEEE L. D. J. Nogueira Duarte, G. Medeiros, H. N. M. De Oliveira, E. L. D. Barros Neto, R. R. Da Silva, and J. Bezerra, “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System”, International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 19–26, 2024, doi: 10.5541/ijot.1372558.
ISNAD Nogueira Duarte, Lindemberg De Jesus et al. “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27/2 (June 2024), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1372558.
JAMA Nogueira Duarte LDJ, Medeiros G, De Oliveira HNM, Barros Neto ELD, Da Silva RR, Bezerra J. Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2024;27:19–26.
MLA Nogueira Duarte, Lindemberg De Jesus et al. “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System”. International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 27, no. 2, 2024, pp. 19-26, doi:10.5541/ijot.1372558.
Vancouver Nogueira Duarte LDJ, Medeiros G, De Oliveira HNM, Barros Neto ELD, Da Silva RR, Bezerra J. Evaluation Of The Effect Of Ethyl Alcohol Content In A Ternary Ethanol/Biodiesel/Diesel System. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2024;27(2):19-26.