Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 15 - 25, 01.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1458027

Abstract

Energy demand is a critical contemporary concern, with significant implications for the future. While exploring renewable or sustainable energy sources offers potential solutions, optimizing energy consumption in existing power
generation systems is also key. Aviation accounts for a substantial portion of energy demand, underscoring the importance of energy efficiency in this sector. Conventional energy analyses may be misleading; hence, employing exergy-based analyses provides a clearer understanding of energy consumption. Also, most of these analyses do not include the effect of the turbine blade’s cooling in calculations. In the present study, exergy analyses have been conducted on a helicopter turboshaft engine with turbine-blades cooling, focusing on design parameters such as ambient temperature, compressor pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperature. Thermodynamic optimizations are conducted using a genetic algorithm. Results show that increasing pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature boost performance, yet technical restrictions on compressor and turbine size, and metallurgical constraints on turbine blades’ material limit these gains. Sea level scenario prioritizes ambient temperature-drop for enhancing net-work and efficiency, while altitude-gain boosts turboshaft performance. Combustion chambers incur the highest exergy destruction of 74-80%, followed by 16-20% and 4-6% exergy destructions in the turbine and compressor, respectively. Lower air temperatures and higher flight altitudes demand larger fuel consumption for equivalent turbine inlet temperature, albeit enhancing cooling capacity and reducing required cooling air fraction for turbine blades.

References

  • K. Coban, C. O. Colpan, and T. H. Karakoc, “Application of thermodynamic laws on a military helicopter engine,” Energy, vol. 140, pp. 1427–1436, 2017.
  • V. Zare, S. Khodaparast, and E. Shayan, “Comparative thermoeconomic analysis of using different jet fuels in a turboshaft engine for aviation applications,” AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 297–312, 2021.
  • A. Bejan and D. L. Siems, “The need for exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in aircraft development,” Exergy, An International Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 14–24, 2001.
  • E. Koruyucu, O. Altuntas, and T. H. Karakoc, “Exergetic investigation of a turboshaft helicopter engine related to engine power,” SAE International Journal of Aerospace, vol. 13, no. 01-13-02-0019, pp. 257–267, 2020.
  • O. Balli, “Exergetic, sustainability and environmental assessments of a turboshaft engine used on helicopter,” Energy, vol. 276, p. 127593, 2023.
  • G. Tsatsaronis, “Strengths and limitations of exergy analysis,” in Thermodynamic optimization of complex energy systems, A. Bejan and E. Mamut, Ed., New York, NY, USA, Springer, 1999, pp. 93–100.
  • I. Dincer and M. A. Rosen, Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development, Oxford, U.K., Elsevier, 2012.
  • D. Riggins and C. Clinton, “Thrust modeling for hypersonic engines,” presented at the International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies, Chattanooga, TN, USA, Apr. 3–7, 1995, p. 6081.
  • D. Riggins, “High-speed engine/component performance assessment using exergy and thrust-based methods,” NASA Technical Reports Server, USA, Tech. Rep. NASA CR-198271, 1996.
  • D. Riggins, “The evaluation of performance losses in multi-dimensional propulsive flows,” presented at the 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Missouri, Rolla Univ., USA, Jan. 15–18, 1996, p. 375.
  • D. Riggins, “Brayton cycle engine/component performance assessment using energy and thrust-based methods,” presented at the 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Missouri, Rolla Univ., USA, Jul. 15–18, 1996, p. 2922.
  • D. W. Riggins, “Evaluation of performance loss methods for high-speed engines and engine components,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 296–304, 1997.
  • D. Riggins, “The thermodynamic continuum of jet engine performance: the principle of lost work due to irreversibility in aerospace systems,” International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 107–120, 2003.
  • D. W. Riggins, T. Taylor, and D. J. Moorhouse, “Methodology for performance analysis of aerospace vehicles using the laws of thermodynamics,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 953–963, 2006.
  • E. T. Curran and R. R. Craig, “The use of stream thrust concepts for the approximate evaluation of hypersonic ramjet engine performance,” Wright-Patterson Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA, Tech. Rep. AFAPL-TR-73-38, 1973.
  • H. Brilliant, “Analysis of scramjet engines using exergy methods,” presented at the 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, San Diego, CA, USA, Jul. 10–12, 1995, p. 2767.
  • J. Horlock, “Thermodynamic availability and propulsion,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, vol. 6, pp. 99–741, 1999.
  • J. Etele and M. A. Rosen, “The impact of reference environment selection on the exergy efficiencies of aerospace engines,” presented at the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, vol. 16509, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, Nov. 14–19, 1999, pp. 583–591.
  • M. A. Rosen and J. Etele, “Aerospace systems and exergy analysis: applications and methodology development needs,” International Journal of Exergy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 411–425, 2004.
  • D. L. Hunt, R. M. Cummings, and M. B. Giles, “Wake integration for three-dimensional flowfield computations: Applications,” Journal of aircraft, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 366–373, 1999.
  • M. B. Giles and R. M. Cummings, “Wake integration for three-dimensional flowfield computations: theoretical development,” Journal of aircraft, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 357–365, 1999.
  • D. Moorhouse, H. Charles, and J. Prendergast, “Thermal analysis of hypersonic inlet flow with exergy-based design methods,” International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 161–168, 2002.
  • K. A. B. Pathirathna, “Gas turbine thermodynamic and performance analysis methods using available catalog data,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Engineering and Sustainable Development, Univ. Gävle, Gävle, Sweden, 2013. [Online].Available:https://avys.omu.edu.tr/storage/app/public/ozcanh/111428/MMB718-3.pdf
  • V. Amati, C. Bruno, D. Simone, and E. Sciubba, “Exergy analysis of hypersonic propulsion systems: Performance comparison of two different scramjet configurations at cruise conditions,” Energy, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 116–129, 2008.
  • D. F. Rancruel and M. R. von Spakovsky, “Decomposition with thermoeconomic isolation applied to the optimal synthesis/design and operation of an advanced tactical aircraft system,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 3327–3341, 2006.
  • E. T. Turgut, T. H. Karakoc, and A. Hepbasli, “Exergoeconomic analysis of an aircraft turbofan engine,” International Journal of Exergy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 277–294, 2009.
  • M. Fallah, A. Sohrabi, and N. H. Mokarram, “Proposal and energy, exergy, economic, and environmental analyses of a novel combined cooling and power (ccp) system,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 45, no. 9, p. 441, 2023.
  • G. C. Oates, Aerothermodynamics of gas turbine and rocket propulsion, Reston, VA, USA, AIAA, 1997.
  • J. D. Mattingly, K. M. Boyer, and H. von Ohain, Elements of propulsion: gas turbines and rockets, Reston , VA, USA, AIAA, 2006.
  • R. Langton and B. MacIsaac, Gas turbine propulsion systems, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • A. F. El-Sayed, Fundamentals of aircraft and rocket propulsion, London, U.K., Springer, 2016.
  • A. F. El-Sayed, Aircraft propulsion and gas turbine engines, Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC press, 2017.
  • J. Van Wylen and E. Sonntag, Fundamental of Classical Thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
  • K. Annamalai, I. K. Puri, and M. A. Jog, Advanced thermodynamics engineering, Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC press, 2010.
  • D. Winterbone and A. Turan, Advanced thermodynamics for engineers, Oxford, U.K., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015.
  • A. Bejan, Advanced engineering thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
  • M. Tabatabaian, Advanced Thermodynamics, Herndon, VA, USA, Mercury Learning & Information, 2017.
  • C. Borgnakke and R. E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
  • M. Yari and K. Sarabchi, “Comparative investigation of various humidified gas turbine cycles,” presented at the Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, ASME, vol. 41723, Vienna, Austria, Jun. 14–17, 2004, pp. 693–703.
  • K. Sarabchi, “Performance evaluation of reheat gas turbine cycles,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 218, no. 7, pp. 529–539, 2004.
  • M. Fallah, H. Siyahi, R. A. Ghiasi, S. Mahmoudi, M. Yari, and M. Rosen, “Comparison of different gas turbine cycles and advanced exergy analysis of the most effective,” Energy, vol. 116, pp. 701–715, 2016.
  • P. Charbonneau, “An introduction to genetic algorithms for numerical optimization,” NCAR Technical Note, vol. 74, pp. 4–13, 2002.
Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 15 - 25, 01.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1458027

Abstract

References

  • K. Coban, C. O. Colpan, and T. H. Karakoc, “Application of thermodynamic laws on a military helicopter engine,” Energy, vol. 140, pp. 1427–1436, 2017.
  • V. Zare, S. Khodaparast, and E. Shayan, “Comparative thermoeconomic analysis of using different jet fuels in a turboshaft engine for aviation applications,” AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 297–312, 2021.
  • A. Bejan and D. L. Siems, “The need for exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in aircraft development,” Exergy, An International Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 14–24, 2001.
  • E. Koruyucu, O. Altuntas, and T. H. Karakoc, “Exergetic investigation of a turboshaft helicopter engine related to engine power,” SAE International Journal of Aerospace, vol. 13, no. 01-13-02-0019, pp. 257–267, 2020.
  • O. Balli, “Exergetic, sustainability and environmental assessments of a turboshaft engine used on helicopter,” Energy, vol. 276, p. 127593, 2023.
  • G. Tsatsaronis, “Strengths and limitations of exergy analysis,” in Thermodynamic optimization of complex energy systems, A. Bejan and E. Mamut, Ed., New York, NY, USA, Springer, 1999, pp. 93–100.
  • I. Dincer and M. A. Rosen, Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development, Oxford, U.K., Elsevier, 2012.
  • D. Riggins and C. Clinton, “Thrust modeling for hypersonic engines,” presented at the International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies, Chattanooga, TN, USA, Apr. 3–7, 1995, p. 6081.
  • D. Riggins, “High-speed engine/component performance assessment using exergy and thrust-based methods,” NASA Technical Reports Server, USA, Tech. Rep. NASA CR-198271, 1996.
  • D. Riggins, “The evaluation of performance losses in multi-dimensional propulsive flows,” presented at the 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Missouri, Rolla Univ., USA, Jan. 15–18, 1996, p. 375.
  • D. Riggins, “Brayton cycle engine/component performance assessment using energy and thrust-based methods,” presented at the 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Missouri, Rolla Univ., USA, Jul. 15–18, 1996, p. 2922.
  • D. W. Riggins, “Evaluation of performance loss methods for high-speed engines and engine components,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 296–304, 1997.
  • D. Riggins, “The thermodynamic continuum of jet engine performance: the principle of lost work due to irreversibility in aerospace systems,” International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 107–120, 2003.
  • D. W. Riggins, T. Taylor, and D. J. Moorhouse, “Methodology for performance analysis of aerospace vehicles using the laws of thermodynamics,” Journal of Aircraft, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 953–963, 2006.
  • E. T. Curran and R. R. Craig, “The use of stream thrust concepts for the approximate evaluation of hypersonic ramjet engine performance,” Wright-Patterson Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA, Tech. Rep. AFAPL-TR-73-38, 1973.
  • H. Brilliant, “Analysis of scramjet engines using exergy methods,” presented at the 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, San Diego, CA, USA, Jul. 10–12, 1995, p. 2767.
  • J. Horlock, “Thermodynamic availability and propulsion,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, vol. 6, pp. 99–741, 1999.
  • J. Etele and M. A. Rosen, “The impact of reference environment selection on the exergy efficiencies of aerospace engines,” presented at the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, vol. 16509, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, Nov. 14–19, 1999, pp. 583–591.
  • M. A. Rosen and J. Etele, “Aerospace systems and exergy analysis: applications and methodology development needs,” International Journal of Exergy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 411–425, 2004.
  • D. L. Hunt, R. M. Cummings, and M. B. Giles, “Wake integration for three-dimensional flowfield computations: Applications,” Journal of aircraft, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 366–373, 1999.
  • M. B. Giles and R. M. Cummings, “Wake integration for three-dimensional flowfield computations: theoretical development,” Journal of aircraft, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 357–365, 1999.
  • D. Moorhouse, H. Charles, and J. Prendergast, “Thermal analysis of hypersonic inlet flow with exergy-based design methods,” International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 161–168, 2002.
  • K. A. B. Pathirathna, “Gas turbine thermodynamic and performance analysis methods using available catalog data,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Engineering and Sustainable Development, Univ. Gävle, Gävle, Sweden, 2013. [Online].Available:https://avys.omu.edu.tr/storage/app/public/ozcanh/111428/MMB718-3.pdf
  • V. Amati, C. Bruno, D. Simone, and E. Sciubba, “Exergy analysis of hypersonic propulsion systems: Performance comparison of two different scramjet configurations at cruise conditions,” Energy, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 116–129, 2008.
  • D. F. Rancruel and M. R. von Spakovsky, “Decomposition with thermoeconomic isolation applied to the optimal synthesis/design and operation of an advanced tactical aircraft system,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 3327–3341, 2006.
  • E. T. Turgut, T. H. Karakoc, and A. Hepbasli, “Exergoeconomic analysis of an aircraft turbofan engine,” International Journal of Exergy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 277–294, 2009.
  • M. Fallah, A. Sohrabi, and N. H. Mokarram, “Proposal and energy, exergy, economic, and environmental analyses of a novel combined cooling and power (ccp) system,” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 45, no. 9, p. 441, 2023.
  • G. C. Oates, Aerothermodynamics of gas turbine and rocket propulsion, Reston, VA, USA, AIAA, 1997.
  • J. D. Mattingly, K. M. Boyer, and H. von Ohain, Elements of propulsion: gas turbines and rockets, Reston , VA, USA, AIAA, 2006.
  • R. Langton and B. MacIsaac, Gas turbine propulsion systems, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  • A. F. El-Sayed, Fundamentals of aircraft and rocket propulsion, London, U.K., Springer, 2016.
  • A. F. El-Sayed, Aircraft propulsion and gas turbine engines, Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC press, 2017.
  • J. Van Wylen and E. Sonntag, Fundamental of Classical Thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
  • K. Annamalai, I. K. Puri, and M. A. Jog, Advanced thermodynamics engineering, Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC press, 2010.
  • D. Winterbone and A. Turan, Advanced thermodynamics for engineers, Oxford, U.K., Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015.
  • A. Bejan, Advanced engineering thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
  • M. Tabatabaian, Advanced Thermodynamics, Herndon, VA, USA, Mercury Learning & Information, 2017.
  • C. Borgnakke and R. E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of thermodynamics, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, 2022.
  • M. Yari and K. Sarabchi, “Comparative investigation of various humidified gas turbine cycles,” presented at the Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, ASME, vol. 41723, Vienna, Austria, Jun. 14–17, 2004, pp. 693–703.
  • K. Sarabchi, “Performance evaluation of reheat gas turbine cycles,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, vol. 218, no. 7, pp. 529–539, 2004.
  • M. Fallah, H. Siyahi, R. A. Ghiasi, S. Mahmoudi, M. Yari, and M. Rosen, “Comparison of different gas turbine cycles and advanced exergy analysis of the most effective,” Energy, vol. 116, pp. 701–715, 2016.
  • P. Charbonneau, “An introduction to genetic algorithms for numerical optimization,” NCAR Technical Note, vol. 74, pp. 4–13, 2002.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Energy Systems Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehdi Siyahi 0009-0004-1917-2803

Hadi Siyahi 0000-0002-4098-6471

Mohsen Fallah 0000-0001-8529-0796

Zahra Mohammadi 0009-0004-5751-7083

Early Pub Date July 29, 2024
Publication Date September 1, 2024
Submission Date March 30, 2024
Acceptance Date July 7, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Siyahi, M., Siyahi, H., Fallah, M., Mohammadi, Z. (2024). Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine. International Journal of Thermodynamics, 27(3), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1458027
AMA Siyahi M, Siyahi H, Fallah M, Mohammadi Z. Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine. International Journal of Thermodynamics. September 2024;27(3):15-25. doi:10.5541/ijot.1458027
Chicago Siyahi, Mehdi, Hadi Siyahi, Mohsen Fallah, and Zahra Mohammadi. “Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27, no. 3 (September 2024): 15-25. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1458027.
EndNote Siyahi M, Siyahi H, Fallah M, Mohammadi Z (September 1, 2024) Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27 3 15–25.
IEEE M. Siyahi, H. Siyahi, M. Fallah, and Z. Mohammadi, “Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine”, International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 15–25, 2024, doi: 10.5541/ijot.1458027.
ISNAD Siyahi, Mehdi et al. “Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 27/3 (September 2024), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1458027.
JAMA Siyahi M, Siyahi H, Fallah M, Mohammadi Z. Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2024;27:15–25.
MLA Siyahi, Mehdi et al. “Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine”. International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 27, no. 3, 2024, pp. 15-25, doi:10.5541/ijot.1458027.
Vancouver Siyahi M, Siyahi H, Fallah M, Mohammadi Z. Thermodynamic Optimization and Energy-Exergy Analyses of the Turboshaft Helicopter Engine. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2024;27(3):15-2.