As we strive to help pre-service teachers understand both why and how to teach for social justice, we face the challenge of making whole language teaching less abstract and intangible. Frequently pre-service teachers understand the principles of teaching for social justice but have no sense of how to infuse them into their teaching. They accept that these theories can be utilized in their education courses but they are doubtful that they would work successfully with children or even be accepted in K-12 school environments
References
Anders, P. L. & Evans, K. S. (1994). Relationships between teachers’ beliefs and their instructional practice in reading. In R. Garner & P.A. Alexander (Eds.), Beliefs about text and instruction with text (pp. 137-153). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anders, P. L., Hoffman, J. V., & Duffy, G. G. (2000). Teaching teachers to teach reading: Paradigm shifts, persistent problems, and challenges. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, 3 (pp. 719-742). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bigelow, B., Harvey, B., Karp, S., & Miller, L. (Eds.). (2001). Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice Volume Two. Milwaukee: Rethinking Schools.
Boran, S. & Comber, B. (2001). Introduction: The inquirers and their questions. In S. Boran & B. Comber (Eds.), Critiquing whole language and classroom inquiry (pp. vii-xvii). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Cambourne, B. (1988). The whole story: Natural learning and the acquisition of literacy in the classroom. New York, NY: Scholastic.
Cochran-Smith, M. (1991). Learning to teach against the grain. Harvard Educational Review, 61, 279-310.
Darling-Hammond, L. (Ed.). (1994). Professional development schools: Schools for developing a profession. New York: Teachers College Press.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press.
Dewey, J. (1997). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press.
Dudley-Marling, C. (1999). I’m not a communist, a liberal, or a whole language teacher (and I don’t beat my wife). Talking Points 10(2), 14-16.
Edelsky, C. (1999). On critical whole language practice: Why, what and a bit of how. In C. Edelsky (Ed.), Making justice our project: Teachers working toward critical whole language practice (pp. 7-36). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Edelsky, C., Altwerger, B. & Flores, B. (1991). Whole language: What’s the difference. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Freire, P. (1985). The politics of education. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
Freire, P. (1994). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Freire, P. & Macedo, D. (1987). Literacy: Reading the word and the world. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey Publishers, Inc.
Goodman, K. S. (1986). What’s whole in whole language. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Goodman, K. S. (2005). What’s whole in whole language. Berkeley, CA: RDR Books.
Goodman, Y. M. (1985). Kidwatching: Observing children in classrooms. In A. Jagger & M. T. Smith-Burke (Eds.), Observing the language learner (pp. 9- 18). Newark, DE and Urbana, IL: Co-published by International Reading Association and the National Council for Teachers of English.
Goodman, Y., Hood, W., & Goodman, K. (1991). (Eds.) Organizing for whole language. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. S. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Gordon, R. L. (1980). Interviewing: Strategies, techniques, and tactics. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Greene, M. (1998). Introduction: Teaching for social justice. In W. Ayers, J. A. Hunt & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for social justice: A democracy and education reader (pp. xxvii-xlvi). New York: Free Press.
Harste, J. (2001). What education is and isn’t. In S. Boran & B. Comber (Eds.), Critiquing whole language and classroom inquiry (pp. 1-17). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Harste, J., Woodward, V.A., & Burke, C. (1984). Language stories and literacy lessons. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Lee, E., Menkart, D., & Okazawa-Rey, M. (1998). Beyond heroes and holidays: A practical guide to K-12 anti-racist, multicultural education and staff development. Washington D.C.: Network of Educators on the Americas.
Mintz, E. & Yun, J. T. (Eds.). (1997). The complex world of teaching. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Review.
Moore, E. (2005, February 17). Sixth graders target social injustice: College students work with Caldwell middle schoolers. Star Ledger, p. E1.
Seidman, I. E. (1991). Interviewing as qualitative research. New York: Teachers’ College Press.
Shannon, P. (1990). The struggle to continue: Progressive reading instruction in the United States. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Shannon, P. (1992). Becoming political: Readings and writings in the politics of literacy education. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Short, K. G., Harste, J. C. with C. Burke. (Eds.). (1996). Creating classrooms for authors and inquirers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Stock, P. L. (1995). The dialogic curriculum: Teaching and learning in a multicultural society. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Taylor, M. (2007). Whole language teaching is wholehearted activism. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Whole language teaching, whole-hearted practice: Looking back, looking forward (pp. 1-10). New York: Peter Lang.
Taylor, M. & Coia, L. (2006). Revisiting feminist authority through a co/autoethnographic lens. In D. Tidwell & L. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Self-study research and issues of diversity (pp. 51-70). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
Taylor, M. & Otinsky, G. (2007). Whole language nurtures social justice inquiry. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Whole language teaching, whole-hearted practice: Looking back, looking forward (pp. 94-115). New York: Peter Lang.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weaver, C. (1990). Understanding whole language: From principles to practices. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Wells, G. (2001). Action, talk, & text: Learning and teaching through inquiry. New York: Teachers College Press.
Year 2007,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 68 - 82, 01.08.2007
Anders, P. L. & Evans, K. S. (1994). Relationships between teachers’ beliefs and their instructional practice in reading. In R. Garner & P.A. Alexander (Eds.), Beliefs about text and instruction with text (pp. 137-153). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anders, P. L., Hoffman, J. V., & Duffy, G. G. (2000). Teaching teachers to teach reading: Paradigm shifts, persistent problems, and challenges. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, 3 (pp. 719-742). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bigelow, B., Harvey, B., Karp, S., & Miller, L. (Eds.). (2001). Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice Volume Two. Milwaukee: Rethinking Schools.
Boran, S. & Comber, B. (2001). Introduction: The inquirers and their questions. In S. Boran & B. Comber (Eds.), Critiquing whole language and classroom inquiry (pp. vii-xvii). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Cambourne, B. (1988). The whole story: Natural learning and the acquisition of literacy in the classroom. New York, NY: Scholastic.
Cochran-Smith, M. (1991). Learning to teach against the grain. Harvard Educational Review, 61, 279-310.
Darling-Hammond, L. (Ed.). (1994). Professional development schools: Schools for developing a profession. New York: Teachers College Press.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press.
Dewey, J. (1997). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press.
Dudley-Marling, C. (1999). I’m not a communist, a liberal, or a whole language teacher (and I don’t beat my wife). Talking Points 10(2), 14-16.
Edelsky, C. (1999). On critical whole language practice: Why, what and a bit of how. In C. Edelsky (Ed.), Making justice our project: Teachers working toward critical whole language practice (pp. 7-36). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Edelsky, C., Altwerger, B. & Flores, B. (1991). Whole language: What’s the difference. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Freire, P. (1985). The politics of education. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
Freire, P. (1994). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Freire, P. & Macedo, D. (1987). Literacy: Reading the word and the world. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey Publishers, Inc.
Goodman, K. S. (1986). What’s whole in whole language. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Goodman, K. S. (2005). What’s whole in whole language. Berkeley, CA: RDR Books.
Goodman, Y. M. (1985). Kidwatching: Observing children in classrooms. In A. Jagger & M. T. Smith-Burke (Eds.), Observing the language learner (pp. 9- 18). Newark, DE and Urbana, IL: Co-published by International Reading Association and the National Council for Teachers of English.
Goodman, Y., Hood, W., & Goodman, K. (1991). (Eds.) Organizing for whole language. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. S. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Gordon, R. L. (1980). Interviewing: Strategies, techniques, and tactics. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Greene, M. (1998). Introduction: Teaching for social justice. In W. Ayers, J. A. Hunt & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for social justice: A democracy and education reader (pp. xxvii-xlvi). New York: Free Press.
Harste, J. (2001). What education is and isn’t. In S. Boran & B. Comber (Eds.), Critiquing whole language and classroom inquiry (pp. 1-17). Urbana, IL: National Council for Teachers of English.
Harste, J., Woodward, V.A., & Burke, C. (1984). Language stories and literacy lessons. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Lee, E., Menkart, D., & Okazawa-Rey, M. (1998). Beyond heroes and holidays: A practical guide to K-12 anti-racist, multicultural education and staff development. Washington D.C.: Network of Educators on the Americas.
Mintz, E. & Yun, J. T. (Eds.). (1997). The complex world of teaching. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Review.
Moore, E. (2005, February 17). Sixth graders target social injustice: College students work with Caldwell middle schoolers. Star Ledger, p. E1.
Seidman, I. E. (1991). Interviewing as qualitative research. New York: Teachers’ College Press.
Shannon, P. (1990). The struggle to continue: Progressive reading instruction in the United States. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Shannon, P. (1992). Becoming political: Readings and writings in the politics of literacy education. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Short, K. G., Harste, J. C. with C. Burke. (Eds.). (1996). Creating classrooms for authors and inquirers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Stock, P. L. (1995). The dialogic curriculum: Teaching and learning in a multicultural society. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Taylor, M. (2007). Whole language teaching is wholehearted activism. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Whole language teaching, whole-hearted practice: Looking back, looking forward (pp. 1-10). New York: Peter Lang.
Taylor, M. & Coia, L. (2006). Revisiting feminist authority through a co/autoethnographic lens. In D. Tidwell & L. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Self-study research and issues of diversity (pp. 51-70). Rotterdam: SensePublishers.
Taylor, M. & Otinsky, G. (2007). Whole language nurtures social justice inquiry. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Whole language teaching, whole-hearted practice: Looking back, looking forward (pp. 94-115). New York: Peter Lang.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weaver, C. (1990). Understanding whole language: From principles to practices. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Wells, G. (2001). Action, talk, & text: Learning and teaching through inquiry. New York: Teachers College Press.
Taylor, M., & Otinsky, G. (2007). Becoming Whole Language Teachers and Social Justice Agents: Pre-service Teachers Inquire with Sixth Graders. International Journal Of Progressive Education, 3(2), 68-82.