The Use of Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) in Municipalities: A Case Study of Istanbul

Abstract

The use of decision support systems, which are widely used in the private sector such as education, health, agriculture, supply chain, etc., has been increasing in recent years in the production or provision of decisions of local public goods and services. Spatial decision support systems have started to be used in Turkiye in the 2020s, especially in urban services such as infrastructure services. These systems are defined as an important tool for local governments in the National Smart Cities Strategy and Action Plan prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change in 2019. This situation has made it important to examine how decision support systems are used in municipalities, which are the local government units where the principle of closeness to the people in service is adopted the most. The aim of the study is to examine the use of spatial decision support systems in municipalities in Istanbul. Qualitative research method was used in the study. The study group was designed with a nested multiple case design and elite interviews were conducted with a total of 18 participants from metropolitan and 4 sub- municipalities at different budget levels in Istanbul. In the study, it was observed that most of the municipalities using decision support systems used spatial decision support systems. In addition, it was concluded that the use of spatial decision support systems alone is not sufficient, and that the use of these systems together with participatory decision support systems increases local democracy and participation in public decision-making processes.

Keywords

• decision support system
• spatial decision support system
• municipial budget planning
• decision support system in budget planning
• participatory decision support system

Project Number

39794 numaralı İÜ BAP

Belediyelerde Mekânsal Karar Destek Sistemi (SDSS) Kullanımı: İstanbul Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması

Abstract

Eğitim, sağlık, tarım, tedarik zinciri gibi özel sektörde yaygın olarak kullanılan karar destek sistemlerinin kullanımı, son yıllarda yerel kamusal mal ve hizmetlerin üretim veya sunum kararlarının alınmasında da artmaktadır. Mekânsal karar destek sistemleri 2020’li yıllarla beraber Türkiye’de de özellikle altyapı hizmetleri gibi kentsel hizmetlerde kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Söz konusu sistemler Türkiye’de Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı’nın 2019 yılında hazırladığı Ulusal Akıllı Şehirler Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı’nda yerel yönetimler için önemli bir araç olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu durum hizmette halka yakınlık ilkesinin en çok benimsendiği yerel yönetim birimleri olan belediyelerde karar destek sistemlerinin nasıl kullanıldığının incelenmesini önemli kılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı İstanbul’daki belediyelerde mekânsal karar destek sistemlerinin kullanımının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu iç içe geçmiş çoklu durum deseniyle tasarlanmış ve İstanbul’daki büyükşehir ve farklı bütçe düzeylerinde bulunan 4 ilçe belediyesinden toplam 18 katılımcıyla elit görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada karar destek sistemi kullanılan 9 birimin çoğunda mekânsal karar destek sisteminden yararlanıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca mekânsal karar destek sisteminin tek başına kullanımının yeterli olmadığı, söz konusu sistemlerin katılımcı karar destek sistemleriyle birlikte kullanımının yerel demokrasiyi ve kamusal karar alma süreçlerinde katılımcılığı arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• karar destek sistemi
• mekansal karar destek sistemi
• belediye bütçe planlama
• bütçe planlamada karar destek sistemleri
• katılımcı karar destek sistemi

Supporting Institution

İÜ BAP Birimi

Project Number

39794 numaralı İÜ BAP

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Etik Kurulu'ndan onay alınmıştır.

References

1. Amirsoleymani, Y., Abessi, O., & Ghajari, Y. E. (2022). “A Spatial Decision Support System For Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites (Case Study: The Mazandaran Province, Iran)”. Waste Management & Research, 40(7), 940-952.
2. Bhargava, H. K., Power, D. J., & Sun, D. (2007). “Progress in Web-Based Decision Support Technologies”. Decision Support Systems, 43(4), 1083-1095.
3. Coutinho-Rodrigues, J., Simão, A., & Antunes, C. H. (2011). “A GIS-Based Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System For Planning Urban Infrastructures”. Decision support systems, 51(3), 720-726.
4. Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni - Nitel, Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımları, Çev. Ed. Selçuk Beşir Demir, Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
5. Creswell, J. W. (2020). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Çev. Ed. Selçuk Beşir Demir, Mesut Bütün, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
6. Delgado Tellez, R., Zhong, E., Zuhu, Y., & Peña de La Cruz, A. (2013). “A Local Spatial Decision Support System For Developing Countries Based On MCA, Fuzzy Sets and OWA–Case Study of a Municipality in Cuba”. Geo-spatial Information Science, 16(2), 120-129.
7. Ferretti, V. (2011). “A Multicriteria Spatial Decision Support System Development For Siting a Landfill in the Province of Torino (Italy)”. Journal of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis, 18(5-6), 231-252.
8. Grêt-Regamey, A., Altwegg, J., Sirén, E. A., Van Strien, M. J., & Weibel, B. (2017). “Integrating Ecosystem Services into Spatial Planning—A Spatial Decision Support Tool”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 165, 206-219.

9. Guzman, L. A., Escobar, F., Peña, J., & Cardona, R. (2020). “A Cellular Automata-Based Land-Use Model As An Integrated Spatial Decision Support System for Urban Planning in Developing Cities: The Case of the Bogotá Region”. Land use policy, 92, 104445.
10. Holsapple, C. W., & Whinston, A. B. (1996). Decision support systems: A knowledge-based approach, Minnesota, West Publishing Company.
11. Katpatal, Y. B., & Rama Rao, B. V. S. (2011). “Urban Spatial Decision Support System For Municipal Solid Waste Management of Nagpur Urban Area Using High-Resolution Satellite Data and Geographic Information System”. Journal of urban planning and Development, 137(1), 65-76.
12. Kazak, J., Van Hoof, J., & Szewranski, S. (2017). “Challenges in the Wind Turbines Location Process in Central Europe–The Use of Spatial Decision Support Systems”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 425-433.
13. Keenan, P. B., & Jankowski, P. (2019). “Spatial Decision Support Systems: Three Decades On”. Decision Support Systems, 116, 64-76.
14. Maniezzo, V., Mendes, I., & Paruccini, M. (1998). “Decision Support for Siting Problems”. Decision Support Systems, 23(3), 273-284.
15. Mansourian, A., Taleai, M., & Fasihi, A. (2011). “A Web-Based Spatial Decision Support System to Enhance Public Participation in Urban Planning Processes”. Journal of Spatial Science, 56(2), 269-282.
16. Naseer, M. A., Bimal, P., & Vinod Kumar, T. M. (2015). "Participatory E-Budgeting Using GIS-Based Spatial Decision Support System: Kozhikode Municipal Corporation", E-Governance for Smart Cities, Ed. T. M.Vinod Kumar, New York, Springer, 307-350.
17. Omidipoor, M., Jelokhani-Niaraki, M., Moeinmehr, A., Sadeghi-Niaraki, A., & Choi, S. M. (2019). “A GIS-Based Decision Support System for Facilitating Participatory Urban Renewal Process”. Land Use Policy, 88, 104150.
18. Peterson, K. (1998). “Development of Spatial Decision Support Systems for Residential Real Estate”. Journal of Housing Research, 9(1), 135-156.
19. Pignatelli, M., Moghadam, S. T., Genta, C., & Lombardi, P. (2023). “Spatial Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Sustainable Cities Development: An Interactive Storytelling Dashboard for the City of Turin”. Sustainable Cities and Society, 89, 104310.
20. Poleto, T., de Carvalho, V. D. H., & de Oliveira, R. C. P. (2023). “Applying Spatial Decision Support for Maternal Mortality Analysis in a" Brazilian State”. Socioeconomic Analytics, 1, 92-102.
21. Power, D. J. (2008). “Decision Support Systems: A Historical Overview”, Handbook on Decision Support Systems 1- Basic Themes, Ed. By. F. Burstein & C. W. Holsapple, Berlin, Springer- Verlag, 121–140.
22. Ruiz, M. C., Romero, E., Pérez, M. A., & Fernández, I. (2012). “Development and Application of a Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System For Planning Sustainable Industrial Areas in Northern Spain”. Automation In Construction, 22, 320-333.
23. Sprague Jr, R. H., & Watson, H. J. (1979). “Bit By Bit: Toward Decision Support Systems”. California Management Review, 22(1), 60-68.
24. Susam, N. (2020). Kamu Maliyesi: Temel Kavram ve Esaslar, İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
25. Turban, E. (1995). Decision Support and Expert Systems: Management Support Systems, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
26. Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.