Dynamic Behaviour of a Wind Energy Conversion System including Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Fault Conditions

Abstract

In this paper, the behaviour of a wind energy conversion system that uses the structure of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) under faulty conditions is presented. DFIG consists of an asynchronous machine, in which the stator is connected directly to the grid and its rotor is connected to the grid via two electronic power converters (back-to-back converter). In the three-phase rectifier and the inverter with IGBTs the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is used. DFIG is analysed and simulated under faulty conditions in the environment of  Matlab/Simulink.  The faults that are investigated in this work take place in the part of the back-to-back converter (either in the rectifier or in the inverter). More specifically, it is investigated how DFIG reacts when an open circuit happens in two IGBTs of the rectifier or of the inverter. Also, the results of Fourier analysis of some important system variables in these faulty conditions are presented and an identification of these faults is done.

Keywords

• DFIG, simulation, back-to-back converter, PWM, faults

References

1. R. Pena, J. C. Clare, and G. M. Asher, “Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation,” IEE Proc. Electr. Power Appl., vol. 143, pp. 231-241, May 1996.
2. D. G. Giaourakis, A. Safacas, “Review of Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Large Wind Turbines and Simulation of a back-to-back Electronic Power Converter”, Ever2011, Monte Carlo, Monaco, 31 March- 3 April 2011, conference proceedings.
3. Ned Mohan, Ted K. A. Brekken, “Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions”, IEEE Transaction Energy conversion, vol.no22. 1, march 2007 page 129-135.
4. H. Polinder and J. Morren, “Developments in wind systems”, turbine
5. Hammamet, Tunisia, conference proceedings. Electrimacs
6. , [5] Muller S, Deicke M., Rik W., Doncker D.: “Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines”, IEEE Trans Inds. Appl., Magazine 8 (3) (May/June 2002), pp. 26-33.
7. Ribrant J., Bertling L., “Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on Swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005”, Power
8. Meeting, 2007. IEEE , pp 1-8.

9. D. Kastha, B.K. Bose, “Investigation of Fault Modes of Voltage-Fed Inverter System for Induction Motor Drive,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applic.,vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1028-1037, 1994.
10. R. L. A. Ribeiro, C. B. Jacobina, E. R. C. da Silva, A. M. N. Lima, “Fault detection of open-switch damage in voltage-fed PWM motor drive systems, ” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.18, no.2, pp.587-593, March 2003.
11. Olimpo Anaya-Lara, Nic Jenkins, Janaka Ekanayake, Phill Cartwrigtht, Mike Hughes, “Wind Energy Generation:Modeling and Control”, ISBN 978-0-470- 71433-1, John Wiley&Sons, Ltd, 2009. [10]
12. Tao Sun, “Power Quality of Grid-Connected Wind Turbines with DFIG and Their Interaction with the Grid”, Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering & Science at Aalborg University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering Institute of Energy Technology Aalborg University, Denmark, May 2004. [11]
13. H. Polinder, F.F.A. van der Pijl, G.J. de Vilder, P. Tavner, “Comparison of direct-drive and geared generator concepts for wind turbines”, Proc. of the international conference on electrical machines and drives, St. Antonio, 2005. [12]
14. D. Kastha, B.K. Bose, “Investigation of Fault Modes of Voltage-Fed Inverter System for Induction Motor Drive,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Applic., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1028-1037, 1994. [13]
15. R. Peuget, S.Courtine, J.P. Rognon, “Fault Detection and Isolation on a PWM Inverter by Knowledge-Based Model”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 1318-1325, 1998. [14]
16. M. Trabelsi, M. Boussak, M. Gossa, “Open circuit faults diagnosis of PWM inverter-fed induction motor by stator current signature analysis”, 10th International Conference on Sciences and Techniquesnof Automatic Control & Computer Engineering, pp. 1-12 Hammamet, Tunisia, Dec. 2009, Cd-Rom. [15]
17. Francisco K. A. Lima, Alvaro Luna, Pedro Rodriguez, Edson H. Watanabe, and Frede Blaabjerg, “Rotor Voltage Dynamics in the Doubly Fed Induction Generator During Grid Faults”, Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2010. [16]
18. Lingling Fan, Subbaraya Yuvarajan and Rajesh Kavasseri, “Harmonic Analysis of a DFIG for Wind Energy Conversion System”, Ieee Transactions On Energy Conversion, Vol. 25, No. 1, March 2010. [17]
19. Lingling Fan, Zhixin Miao, Subbaraya Yuvarajan and Rajesh Kavasseri,”Hybrid modeling of DFIGs for wind energy conversion systems”, Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory 18 (2010), Elsevier, pp. 1032-1045. [18]
20. X. H. Wu, S. K. Panda, and J. X. Xu,, “DC Link Voltage
21. Minimization of Three Phase PWM Boost Rectifiers Using Frequency Domain Based Repetitive Current Controllers”, Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 23, No. 4, July 2008, Pp. 1987-1997. Harmonics [19]
22. Hansen A.D., “Generators and Power Electronics for wind turbines”, Chapter in “Wind Power in Power systems”, John Wiley&Sons, Ltd, pp. 24-70, 2004. [20]
23. I. Tsoumas, A. Safacas , «On the Use of the Current Space Vector’s Angle and Instantaneous Frequency for Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics Converters: Application in the Subsynchronous Cascade Drive», International Review of Electrical Engineering (I.R.E.E.), vol. 4N.2, March - April 2009, p.p. 174 -183. [21]
24. I. Colak, E. Kabalci, R. Bayindir and S. Sagiroglu, “The design and analysis of a 5-level cascaded voltage source inverter with low THD”, 2nd PowerEng Conference, Lisbon, pp. 575-580, 18-20 March 2009, conference proceedings. [22]
25. R. Pena, J. C. Clare and G. M. Asher, "A doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine",
26. Applications, vol.143, issue.5, pp.380-387, Sep. 1996. on Electrical Power [23]
27. Jang, J., Y. Kim and D. Lee, “Active and reactive power control of DFIG for wind energy conversion under unbalanced grid voltage”, Proc. IEEE Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Shanghai, China, Vol: 3, 2006, pp. 1-5.