Sporcu Özdeşleşme Düzeyi Ölçeği (Södö): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı sporcuların bağ kurdukları diğer sporcular ile özdeşim kurarken hangi özellikleri göz önünde bulundurduklarını belirleyerek, sporcu-sporcu özdeşleşme düzeyini saptamak üzere geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme amacı geliştirmektir. Lawshe tekniğine uygun düzenlenen form ile ölçeğin aday formu için ‘’niteliksel adımlar’’ kapsamında; odak grup görüşmeleri ve kompozisyon yazdırma, ‘’niceliksel adımlar’’ kapsamında; sayıltı analizleri ile geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Uzman görüşleri sonrası 68 maddelik madde havuzu 66 maddeye indirgenmiş 5’li likert olarak (5=Çok önemlidir, … 1=Hiç önemli değildir), denemelik form ile 930 aktif sporcuya uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen gözlemler ile Keşfedici faktör analizi (KFA) gerçekleştirmiş, ulaşılan 4 faktörlü 26 maddelik yapı ile tekrar veri toplanmış ve 813 gözleme ulaşılarak Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) işe koşulmuştur. Faktörlere ait standardize yük değerleri, model uyum iyiliği ölçütleri ve T değerleri incelenmiş, ölçeğe ait yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlikleri ile birleştirici güvenirlik değerlerinin uygunluğu test edilmiştir. Rasyonel ölçütlerle faktör isimlendirme yapılması sonrası cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayıları; ‘’Atletik Kimlik’’ (n=12) alt boyutu için .94, ‘’İmaj ve Kariyer Olgunluğu’’ (n=6) alt boyutu için .82, ‘’Sosyal Değerler’’ (n=4) alt boyutu için .85 ve ‘’İletişim Becerileri’’ (n=4) alt boyutu için .70 , ölçeğin tamamı için ise .90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Açıklanan varyans oranı %56,95’tir. Konu benzerinde alanyazında yer alan ölçeklerin, taraftar-sporcu ya da taraftar-takım düzeyinde olması ve sporcu-sporcu özdeşleşme tespitinin bir eksiklik olarak görülmesi çalışmanın motivasyonunu oluştururken, bu açığı kapatma hedefi çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Aktif sporcuların sporcu-sporcu idolleştirme düzeyini saptamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, ulaşılan sonuçlara göre Sporcu Özdeşleşme Düzeyi Ölçeği (SÖDÖ) geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olarak ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• özdeşleşme
• idol alma
• geçerlik
• güvenirlik
• sporcu

Athlete Identification Level Scale (Ails): Validity And Reliability Study

Abstract

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the level of athlete-athlete identification by determining which features athletes consider when identifying with other athletes they bond with. Within the scope of "qualitative steps", focus group interviews and essay writing; within the scope of "quantitative steps", assumption analyses and validity and reliability analyses were included for the form organized by the Lawshe technique and the test form of the scale. After the expert opinions, the 68-item item pool was reduced to 66 items and applied to 930 active athletes with a 5-point Likert scale (5=Very important, ... 1=Not important at all) with a trial form. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the observations obtained, data were collected again with the 4-factor 26-item structure and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with 813 observations. After factor naming with rational criteria, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated as .94 for the sub-dimension of "Athletic Identity" (n=12), .82 for the sub-dimension of "Image and Career Maturity" (n=6), .85 for the sub-dimension of "Social Values" (n=4), .70 for the sub-dimension of "Communication Skills" (n=4) and .90 for the whole scale. The explained variance rate is 56.95%. While the motivation of the study is that the scales in the literature are at the fan-athlete or fan-team level and the determination of athlete-athlete identification is seen as a deficiency, the goal of closing this gap reveals the importance of the study. This study, conducted to determine the athlete-athlete identification levels of active athletes, revealed that the Athlete Identification Level Scale (AISL) is a valid and reliable scale according to the results obtained.

Keywords

• identification
• idolization
• validity
• reliability
• athlete

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