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Spor Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Kavramına İlişkin Algıları

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 217 - 228, 22.12.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı hem kendileri sporcu olan hem gelecekte spor eğitimi verecek olan spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin “beslenme” kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları, metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 114 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri her öğrencinin “beslenme… gibidir; çünkü…” cümlesini tamamlamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Öğrenciler tarafından 67 metafor oluşturulmuş ve bu metaforlar 3 kategori altında toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin %54,4’ü beslenme kavramını fizyolojik ihtiyaç olarak görmektedir. Bu durum ağaç sulamak, benzini can suyu, nefes, oksijen gibi metaforlarla ifade edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %34,2’si beslenmeyi sağlıklı yaşam kavramı olarak ele almaktadır. Bu durum aktivite, spor, vitamin, yenilenmek, güç gibi metaforlarla ifade edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %22,8’i beslenme kavramını duygusal anlam kavramı olarak görmektedir. Bu durum baba, sevgili, hobi, öğretmen gibi metaforlarla ifade edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun (%92,1) sporla ilgili olumlu metaforlar geliştirdiği %7,9’unun ise olumsuz metaforlar geliştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin altın, nefes, oksijen, su, yakıt gibi metaforları daha sık kullandıkları görülmektedir. Bu metaforların çoğunun insanın hayatını idame ettirmek için gereken kavramlar ve maddi açıdan çok değerli ürünler olması da dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum öğrencilerin anlam dünyasında beslenmenin hem yaşam için elzem olduğunun ve çok değerli olduğunun bilincinde olduklarını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte aşk, sevgi, sevgili gibi duygusal metaforlar, hayat, sağlık, yaşam biçimi gibi soyut kavramlarda geliştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların bazı özelliklerine göre oluşturduğu metaforların gruplarını karşılaştırmak amacıyla Ki-Kare (X2) testi yapılmıştır ve sporcuların lisanslı sporcu olup olmama, sporcu beslenmesi dersi alıp almama ve yeterli ve dengeli beslenip beslenmemelerine göre oluşturduğu metaforların kategorilerinde anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma içindeki bütün bilgileri etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde ettiğimizi, araştırmanın hazırlık, bilgi, belge, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarda bilimsel etik ve ahlak kurallarına uygun davrandığımızı, kullanılan tüm eserlere eksiksiz atıf yaptığımızı ve kullanılan tüm eserlere kaynaklar/kaynakçada yer verdiğimizi beyan eder, aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her türlü yasal sonucu kabullendiğimizi bildiririz.

Supporting Institution

“Bu çalışma 24-27 Nisan 2025 tarihleri arasında Antalya’da düzenlenen 19. FİEPS Avrupa Kongresi’nde sunulmuştur.”

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hem sporcu olan hem de geleceğin spor eğitimcileri olarak yer alan spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin “beslenme” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar yoluyla ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma grubunu Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 114 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, öğrencilere “Beslenme …… gibidir, çünkü ……” cümlesini tamamlattırarak toplanmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Öğrenciler tarafından toplam 67 metafor üretilmiş olup, bunlar üç ana kategori altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin %53,5’inin beslenmeyi; ağaç sulama, benzin, yaşam çizgisi (lifeline), nefes ve oksijen gibi metaforlarla ifade edilen fizyolojik bir ihtiyaç olarak algıladıkları görülmüştür. Öte yandan öğrencilerin %22,8’i beslenmeyi; aktivite, spor, vitamin, yenilenme ve güç gibi metaforlarla temsil edilen sağlıklı yaşam kavramıyla ilişkilendirmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin %23,7’si beslenmeye; baba, sevgili, hobi ve öğretmen gibi metaforlarla duygusal anlam yüklemiştir. Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu (%92,1) sporla ilişkili olumlu metaforlar üretirken, %7,9’u olumsuz metaforlar geliştirmiştir. En sık kullanılan metaforlar altın, nefes, oksijen, su ve yakıt olmuştur. Dikkat çeken nokta, bu metaforların çoğunun insan yaşamı için vazgeçilmez ve maddi olarak değerli kavramları temsil etmesidir. Bu durum, öğrencilerin beslenmeyi hem yaşam için temel bir gereklilik hem de değer sistemlerinde oldukça önemli bir kavram olarak gördüğünü göstermektedir. Ayrıca yaşam, sağlık ve yaşam tarzı gibi soyut kavramların yanı sıra sevgi, şefkat ve sevgili gibi duygusal metaforlar da geliştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların ürettikleri metaforlar belirli özelliklere göre karşılaştırılmış ve Ki-Kare (X²) testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, lisanslı sporcu olma durumu, sporcu beslenmesi eğitimi alma ve yeterli-dengeli beslenme durumuna göre metafor kategorilerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak, çalışma sonucunda spor bilimleri öğrencilerinin beslenme kavramını olumlu ve bütüncül bir şekilde algıladıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğrenciler beslenme kavramını hem yaşamı sürdürebilmeye yönelik fizyolojik unsurlar (nefes, su, yakıt) hem de duygusal ve soyut değerler (sevgi, sağlık, yaşam tarzı) ile metaforik olarak temsil etmişlerdir. Bu algının pekiştirilmesi için, beslenme eğitiminin ders modülleri ve kısa süreli atölye uygulamaları ile somutlaştırılması önerilmektedir. Bu şekilde öğrencilerin kavramsal farkındalıklarının artırılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

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  • Kumanyika, S., Afshin, A., Arimond, M., Lawrence, M., McNaughton, S. A., & Nishida, C. (2020). Approaches to defining healthy diets: A background paper for the international expert consultation on sustainable healthy diets. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 41(2), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572120938243
  • Koçak, Y., Tukul, U., Tolan, B., Gümüş, H., & Tolukan, E. (2017). Analysis of Expectations and Perceptions of the Customers in Sports and Healthy Life Centers for Service Quality (Sample of Afyonkarahisar Province). International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 1(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.368384
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  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
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  • Özenoğlu, A., Yalnız, T., & Uzdil, Z. (2018). The effect of health education on nutritional habits and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Acıbadem University Journal of Health Sciences, 9(3), 234–242.
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Perceptions of Sports Sciences Students Regarding the Concept of Nutrition

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 217 - 228, 22.12.2025

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of sports science students—who are both athletes themselves and future sports educators—regarding the concept of "nutrition" through metaphors. The participants consisted of 114 students enrolled in the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Gümüşhane University. Data were collected by having each student complete the sentence, "Nutrition is like … because …" Content analysis was used to analyze the data. A total of 67 metaphors were generated by the students, which were categorized into three main groups. It was found that 53.5% of the students perceive nutrition as a physiological need, which was expressed through metaphors such as watering a tree, gasoline, lifeline, breath, and oxygen. Meanwhile, 22.8% of the students evaluated nutrition as a concept of healthy living, represented by metaphors such as activity, sport, vitamins, renewal, and strength. Additionally, 23.7% of the students associated nutrition with an emotional meaning, using metaphors such as father, lover, hobby, and teacher. The majority of students (92.1%) developed positive metaphors related to sports, while 7.9% produced negative metaphors. The most frequently used metaphors included gold, breath, oxygen, water, and fuel. Notably, most of these metaphors represent concepts essential for human survival and are considered highly valuable in material terms. This indicates that students recognize nutrition as both a fundamental requirement for life and a highly significant concept in their value system. Moreover, abstract concepts such as life, health, and lifestyle, as well as emotional metaphors like love, affection, and lover, were also developed. To compare the metaphor groups created by the participants according to certain characteristics, a Chi-Square (X²) test was conducted, which showed no significant differences in metaphor categories based on being a licensed athlete, taking a sports nutrition course, or having adequate and balanced nutrition. Overall, the study revealed that sports science students perceive the concept of nutrition in a positive and holistic manner. They metaphorically represented both physiological elements essential for sustaining life (breath, water, fuel) and emotional and abstract values (love, health, lifestyle). To reinforce this perception, it is recommended that nutrition education be concretized through course modules and short-term workshop applications, thereby enhancing students’ conceptual awareness.

Ethical Statement

We declare that we have obtained all the information in this research within the framework of ethical behavior and academic rules, that we have acted in accordance with scientific ethics and moral rules in all stages of the research, including preparation, information, documents, data collection, analysis and presentation of information, that we have fully cited all the works used and included all the works used in the sources/bibliography, and that we accept all legal consequences in case the contrary occurs.

Supporting Institution

“This study was presented at the 19th FİEPS European Congress in Antalya, 24-27 April 2025.”

References

  • Adak, N. (2020). Nutrition in the culture of consumption: Healthy/unhealthy foods. Istanbul University Journal of Sociology, 40(1), 197–218.
  • Akyol, A. G. A., Bilgiç, A. G. P., & Ersoy, G. (2008). Physical activity, nutrition, and healthy living. Ankara: Klasmat Printing.
  • Aslan, O., Bilgili, A., & Kaya, A. V. (2018). High school students’ metaphorical perceptions of school principals. Science Harmony, 1(1), 11–17.
  • Bağcı, A., Azimli, P., Uluçay, H., & Keskin, A. (2024). Examination of nutrition knowledge levels of students engaged in sports in terms of various variables. National Journal of Education, 4(2), 942–953.
  • Baltacı, A. (2017). The Miles–Huberman model in qualitative data analysis. Ahi Evran University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 3(1), 1–14.
  • Başol, E. (2015). Strategy in developing countries: The referral chain in the health system. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(8), 128–140.
  • Baysal, A. (2004). Nutrition. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Publishing.
  • Beck, K. L., von Hurst, P. R., O'Brien, W. J., & Badenhorst, C. E. (2021). Micronutrients and athletic performance: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 158, 112618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112618
  • Cena, H., & Calder, P. C. (2020). Defining a healthy diet: Evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients, 12(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020334
  • Çetinkaya, Y. (2019). Music students’ metaphorical perceptions of the concept of music. Ordu University Journal of Social Sciences Institute Research, 9(3), 539–547.
  • Çevik, A., Dokuzoğlu, G., & Zorba, E. (2023). Determining the nutritional attitudes of individuals engaged in fitness exercise. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 12(3), 1375–1383.
  • Demir, C., & Yıldırım, Ö. K. (2019). Metaphors and metaphorical expressions in Turkish. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 1085–1096.
  • Demir, Ö. (2017). Metaphorical environmental perceptions of religious culture and ethics teacher candidates. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(5), 1700–1714.
  • Doeven, S. H., Brink, M. S., Kosse, S. J., & Lemmink, K. A. (2018). Post-match recovery of physical performance and biochemical markers in team ball sports: A systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000264
  • Ekinci, H. B., & Doğru, U. (2025). A metaphorical perspective on youth athletes’ perceptions of coaches: A basic psychological needs approach. Anatolia Sport Research, 6(1), 30–39.
  • Ekiz, D., & Gülay, A. (2018). Determining primary school students’ metaphors regarding the “ideal classroom environment.”Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1121–1134.
  • Eriçok, B., Karataş, F., & Yüce, E. (2024). Teacher candidates’ metaphorical perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI). Kocaeli University Journal of Education, 7(2), 607–630.
  • Ertürk, R. (2017). Primary school students’ metaphorical perceptions of the concept of “teacher.”E-International Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 1–15.
  • Fiske, J. (1996). Introduction to communication studies (S. Irvan, Trans.). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Publishing.
  • Gündoğdu, H. M., & Akkoyunlu, Y. (2017). Examination of nutritional habits of children attending summer sports schools in Bilecik. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 19(3), 91–109.
  • Gürbüz, B., & Doğan, M. (2024). The relationship between attitude toward sports, healthy nutrition, and mental well-being: The perspective of university students. Journal of Youth Studies, 12(34), 104–122.
  • Iğdır, E. C., & Aydos, L. (2023). Examination of academics’ views on sports literacy: A metaphor study. Journal of Sport and Health Researches, 4(1), 48–61.
  • Işık, Ö., Gümüş, H., Okudan, B., Yılmaz, M. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam kalite düzeylerinin depresyon düzeyleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi, International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, SI(1): 836-843. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS152
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2012). Metaphor: A bridge between the client and the psychological counselor. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(37), 122–135.
  • Kıstak, D. (2012). Sociology of food. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 2(2), 281–284.
  • Kumanyika, S., Afshin, A., Arimond, M., Lawrence, M., McNaughton, S. A., & Nishida, C. (2020). Approaches to defining healthy diets: A background paper for the international expert consultation on sustainable healthy diets. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 41(2), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572120938243
  • Koçak, Y., Tukul, U., Tolan, B., Gümüş, H., & Tolukan, E. (2017). Analysis of Expectations and Perceptions of the Customers in Sports and Healthy Life Centers for Service Quality (Sample of Afyonkarahisar Province). International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 1(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.368384
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1990). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought. Basic Books.
  • Landau, M. J., Arndt, J., & Cameron, L. D. (2018). Do metaphors in health messages work? Exploring emotional and cognitive factors. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 74, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.09.002
  • Lawrence, M. (2024). Fundamentals of a healthy and sustainable diet. Nutrition Journal, 23(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-01146-0
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
  • Nikitina, L., & Furuoka, F. (2008). “A language teacher is like…”: Examining Malaysian students’ perceptions of language teachers through metaphor analysis. Online Submission, 5(2), 192–205.
  • Özenoğlu, A., Yalnız, T., & Uzdil, Z. (2018). The effect of health education on nutritional habits and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Acıbadem University Journal of Health Sciences, 9(3), 234–242.
  • Rattan, S. I., & Kaur, G. (2022). Nutrition, food and diet in health and longevity: We eat what we are. Nutrients, 14(24), 5376. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245376
  • Reuter, K., Latham, A. J., & Varga, S. (2025). Concept of health: Lifestyle at the heart of modern health. Erkenntnis, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-024-00782-1
  • Saban, A. (2008). Mental images of primary school teachers and students regarding the concept of knowledge. Elementary Education Online, 7(2), 421–455.
  • Sargın, K., & Güleşce, M. (2022). Evaluation of teachers’ attitudes toward healthy nutrition (The case of Van province). Gaziantep University Journal of Sports Sciences, 7(1), 1–11.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Nutrition
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Hazal Ateş 0000-0002-0734-2973

Mustafa Koç 0000-0002-3863-8021

Submission Date June 26, 2025
Acceptance Date November 24, 2025
Early Pub Date December 2, 2025
Publication Date December 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ateş, Z. H., & Koç, M. (2025). Perceptions of Sports Sciences Students Regarding the Concept of Nutrition. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 9(2), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1724933