Fiziksel Aktivite İçin Park ve Rekreasyon Alanları: Engeller ve Teşvikler

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı; park ve rekreasyon alanları kullanıcılarının fiziksel aktivite ile ilişkili parametlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Ankara İlindeki park ve rekreasyon alanlarına gelen katılımcılar oluştururken, örneklem grubunu ise 289 gönüllü katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların, 123’ü erkek ve 166’sı kadındır. Araştırmada; veri toplama aracı olarak, Stanis ve diğ., (2009) tarafından geliştirilen, Gümüş ve diğ., (2015) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “Fiziksel Aktivite Mekânı Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde; betimsel istatistik yöntemleri (yüzde/frekans), ikili karşılaştırmalarda t-Testi, üç ve daha fazla grup arasındaki farkı belirlemek için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Post-Hoc analizlerinden Bonferroni Testi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların, fiziksel aktivite mekânı değerlendirme ölçeği puanlarının, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, medeni durum ve beden kitle indeksi değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak fiziksel aktivite mekânı değerlendirme ölçeğinin, fiziksel aktivite mekânı seçimi alt boyutu puanlarının düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapma değişkenine göre düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapmayan katılımcılar lehine, fiziksel aktiviteye katılım sıklığını engelleyen unsurlar alt boyutu puanlarının ise yaş değişkenine göre 42-53 yaş grubunda yer alan katılımcılar lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, medeni durum ve beden kitle indeksi değişkenlerinin, mekân seçimini ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı etkilemediği ancak düzenli spor yapma değişkeninin, fiziksel aktivite mekânı seçimi üzerinde ve yaş değişkeninin fiziksel aktiviteye katılım sıklığını engelleyen unsurlar üzerinde bir etkiye sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

Keywords

• Boş zaman
• Park
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Rekreasyon
• Spor

Parks and Recreation Areas for Physical Activity: Barriers and Incentives

Abstract

This study focused on studying parameters related to physical activities of users of parks and recreation areas. The study population was consisted of those participants who visited park and recreation areas in Ankara Province while the study sample was consisted of 289 voluntary participants. 123 participants were male participants and 166 participants were female participants. In the study; "Physical Activity Venue Evaluation Scale” which was developed by Stanis et al. (2009) and Turkish adaptation study of which was conducted by Gümüş et al. (2015) was used as data collection tool. To analyze the data found in the study; descriptive statistical methods (percentages/frequency), t-Test for pairwise comparisons, one-way analysis of variance for determining the differences among two or more independent groups and Post-Hoc Bonferroni Test were employed. It was identified that the participants’ physical activity venue evaluation scale scores did not differ statistically in terms of such variables as gender, educational status, marital status and body mass index. However, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of physical activity venue evaluation scale, choice of physical activity space on behalf of those who did not perform physical activities regularly in terms of variable of performing physical activities regularly. Also; a statistically significant difference was found in the scores of physical activity location selection, factors preventing physical activity participation on behalf of those aged 42-53 years in terms of age variable. As a result of the study; it may be suggested that variables of gender, educational status, marital status and body mass index did not affect choosing physical activity space and physical activity participation whereas variable of doing sports regularly affected choosing physical activity space and age variable affected frequency of physical activity participation.

Keywords

• Physical Activity
• Sport
• Recreation and Park
• Venue Selection.

References

1. Bedimo-Rung, A. L., Mowen, A. J., & Cohen, D. A. (2005). The significance of parks to physical activity and public health: A conceptual model. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2), 159-168.
2. Brawley, L. R., Rejeski, W. J., & King, A. C. (2003). Promoting physical activity for older adults: the challenges for changing behavior. American journal of preventive medicine, 25(3), 172-183.
3. Can. S. (2013). Masabaşı çalışan kadınlarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ölçüm yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması ve fiziksel aktiviteyi etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
4. Cohen, D. A., McKenzie, T. L., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., & Lurie, N. (2007). Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 509-514.
5. Esen, H. T. (2010). Evaluation of Physical Activity Levels of Mistresses Who Work in Primary and Secondary Schools Connected to Public Education in the City Centre of Karaman (Master of thesis). Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University.
6. Godbey G. C., Caldwell, L. L., Floyd, M. F., & Payne, L. L. (2005). Contributions of leisure studies and recreation and park management research to the active living agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8(2), 150-158.
7. Gümüş, H., Alay-Özgül, Ö., & Karakılıç, M. (2017). The Factors that has an Effect on the Attendance And Location Choice of The Visitors to the Parks and Recreations Centers for Physical Activities. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 31-38.
8. Gümüş, H., Alay-Özgül S., & Karakılıç, M. (2015). Physical Activity Venue Evaluation Scale (PAVES): A Validity and Reliability Study. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.237568

9. Gümüş, H., & Karakullukçu, Ö. F. (2015). Leisure Satisfaction in Football and Basketball Fans: A Sample of Afyonkarahisar. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 3, 401-409. Doi : 10.14486/IJSCS306.
10. Işıkgöz, E., Esentaş, M., & Şahin, H. M. (2018). Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Venue Selection and Participation of Students Studying in Physical Education and Sports for Physical Activity. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 21-32.
11. Karasakız, H., & Dinçer, N. (2019). Physical Activity of Recreation Areas Organized by Municipalities a Research on Eligibility (Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality Sample). Journal of History School (JOHS), 12(14), 1629-1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/Joh24688
12. Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, (11. baskı) Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
13. Kruger, J. (2008). Parks, recreation, and public health collaborative. Environmental Health Insights, 2, 123–125
14. Librett, J., Henderson, K. A., Godbey, G., & Morrow, J. R. (2007). An introduction to parks, recreation and public health: Collaborative frameworks for promoting physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 4(1), 1-13.
15. Önemli, E. (2020). Physical activity levels of female trainees in a public education center, their views on physical activity and determination of exercise behavior change stages (Master of Thesis). Uskudar University, İstanbul.
16. Rimmer, J. H., Schiller, W., & Chen, M. D. (2012). Effects of disability-associated low energy expenditure deconditioning syndrome. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 40(1), 22-29.
17. Stanis, S. A. W., Schneider, I. E., Chavez, D. J., & Shinew, K. J. (2009). Visitor constraints to physical activity in park and recreation areas: Differences by race and ethnicity. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 27(3): 78-95.
18. Tolukan, E., & Akyel, Y. (2019). A Research on the Athlete-Coach Relationship and Trait Sport Confidence in Football. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.529669
19. Tolukan, E., & Yılmaz, B. (2014). Determining the Factors Which Can Prevent Recreational Participation of University Students Who Attend to the Departments According to Special Skill Exams. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2(1), 525-539. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS124
20. Urlu, Y. (2014). Research of 10-12 year old children’s physical activity levels (Master of Thesis). Balikesir University. Balikesir.
21. Vural, H., & Yılmaz, S. (2018). Secondary School Students’ Choices of Free Time Activities and Recreational Tendencies Based on Place. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 5(4), 424-432. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471208