Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Investigation of the Relationship Between E-learning Attitudes and Dual Career Competence Levels of E-athletes

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 144 - 152

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between dual career competencies and e-learning attitudes among e-athletes who simultaneously pursue education and competitive gaming careers. The research examined a sample of 631 licensed e-athletes (392 male, 239 female) using the Dual Career Competency Scale for Athletes and the Attitude Towards E-learning in Sport Scale, along with demographic data collection. Using a quantitative, correlational survey design, the study analyzed relationships between key variables through descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. Results revealed no significant correlation between e-athletes' income levels and either their dual career competence perceptions or e-learning attitudes. However, the study found positive correlations between e-athletes' dual career competence perceptions and their attitudes toward e-learning. Additionally, age showed significant positive correlations with multiple dimensions of dual career competence, including career management, career planning, emotional awareness, social intelligence, and adaptation. This research contributes to the growing literature on e-sports athletes' career development and educational engagement in the digital age.

References

  • Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. (2007). Career transitions and career termination. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 712–733). Wiley.
  • Aquilina, D. (2013). A study of the relationship between elite athletes’ educational development and sporting performance. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(4), 374–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.765723
  • Babuçoğlu, B. (2006). Evaluating student satisfaction at internet-supported accounting practices course: An application at Ozel İnci Anadolum Açıköğretim kursu (Publication No. 191878) [Master’s thesis, Anadolu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Bayrak, A. (2019). Electronic sports and a research on consumer preferences (Publication No. 572446) [Master’s thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Bird, A. (1994). Careers as repositories of knowledge: A new perspective on boundaryless careers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150404
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory. (2008). First video game? https://www.bnl.gov/about/history/firstvideo.php
  • Chuan, C. C., Yusof, A., & Shah, P. M. (2012). Sports involvement and academic achievement: A study of Malaysian university athletes. International Education Studies, 6(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n2p12
  • Cura, T. (2009). Information technologies and information systems for managers. Sistem Publishing.
  • De Brandt, K., Wylleman, P., Torregrossa, M., Schipper-Van Veldhoven, N., Minelli, D., Defruyt, S., & De Knop, P. (2018). Exploring the factor structure of the dual career competency questionnaire for athletes in European pupil and student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2018.1511619
  • Deen, G., Hammer, M., Bethencourt, J., Eiron, I., Thomas, J., & Kaufman, J. H. (2006). Running Quake II on a grid. IBM Systems Journal, 45(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.451.0021
  • Delen, A. (2021). Trends in studies on e-learning environments in Turkey: Examination of theses between 2004–2020(Publication No. 658807) [Master’s thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Demir, A., & Sertbaş, K. (2020). E-sports: A new economy in the sports industry. USBAD International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(3), 73–88.
  • European Commission. (2012). EU guidelines on dual careers of athletes: Recommended policy actions in support of dual careers in high-performance sport. https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/documents/dual-career-guidelines-final_en.pdf
  • Fryklund, S. (2012). Swedish student-athletes’ within-career transitions [Undergraduate thesis, Malmö University].
  • Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2017). eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.008
  • Gábriš, T., Hamuľák, O., Kocharyan, H., & Ramil, P. M. (2024). Esports between the sports and entertainment industry: In search of division lines. TalTech Journal of European Studies, 14(2), 190–216. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2024-0022
  • Gaming in Turkey. (2023). Türkiye game market report 2023. https://www.turkiyeoyunsektoruraporu.com/en/turkiye-game-market-report-2023/
  • Ministry of Youth and Sports. (2018). E-sports report. General Directorate of Education, Culture and Research, Ministry of Youth and Sports. https://www.guvenlioyna.org.tr/uploads/ck-editor/family-reports/GSB%20E-SPOR.pdf
  • Govindasamy, T. (2002). Successful implementation of e-learning: Pedagogical considerations. Internet and Higher Education, 4(3–4), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(01)00071-9
  • Heidenreich, H., Brandt, C., Dickson, G., & Kurscheidt, M. (2022). Esports associations and the pursuit of legitimacy: Evidence from Germany. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 869151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.869151
  • Hong, H. J. (2022). eSports: The need for a structured support system for players. European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(5), 1430–1453. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2028876
  • International Olympic Committee. (2018). Communiqué of the 7th Olympic Summit. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/communique-of-the-7th-olympic-summit
  • International Olympic Committee. (2021). Inaugural Olympic Virtual Series concludes successfully. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/inaugural-olympic-virtual-series-concludes-successfully
  • International Olympic Committee. (2022). Olympic Agenda 2020+5. https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-agenda-2020-plus-5
  • International Olympic Committee. (2025). Inaugural Olympic Esports Games to be held in Riyadh in 2027 – Road to the Games to start this year. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/inaugural-olympic-esports-games-to-be-held-in-riyadh-in-2027-road-to-the-games-to-start-this-year.
  • Jordan-Vallverdú, V., Plaza-Navas, M. A., Raya, J. M., & Torres-Pruñonosa, J. (2024). The intellectual structure of esports research. Entertainment Computing, 49, 100628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2023.100628
  • Karadağ, D. (2021). Determinants and consequences of dual career competence in adolescent athletes (Publication No. 685529) [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Karadağ, D., & Aşçı, F. (2021). The Turkish adaptation of “Dual careers competency questionnaire for athletes.” Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(2), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-79861
  • Karadağ, Ö., Baba Kaya, H., & Ustaoğlu Hoşver, P. (2023). The perceptions of sports sciences faculty students regarding the digital technology concept: A metaphor study. Trakya Journal of Education, 13(2), 923–942. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1100416
  • Karasar, N. (2019). Scientific research method. Nobel Publishing.
  • Keçeci, O., & Çelik, V. O. (2024). A qualitative study on e-sports players’ leadership perceptions regarding their team coaches. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(1), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1380150
  • Kocadağ, M. (2017). Electronic sports career and education. Journal of Eastern Anatolia Social Sciences Trends, 1(2), 49–63.
  • Kocadağ, M. (2019). Investigation of career decision levels of adolescents interested in electronic sports in terms of several variables (Publication No. 574397) [Master’s thesis, Uludağ University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Macnamara, A., & Collins, D. (2010). The role of psychological characteristics in managing the transition to university. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(5), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.04.003
  • Mutlu Bozkurt, T. (2021). Investigation of the attitudes towards e-learning in sports, academic procrastination behaviors, and emotional intelligence traits of the students studying at the faculty of sports science (Publication No. 664948) [Doctoral dissertation, Gazi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Mutlu Bozkurt, T., & Tamer, K. (2020). The scale of attitude to e-learning in sports. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 6(36), 1761–1771. https://doi.org/10.31576/smryj.634
  • Özdemir, S. M. (2011). Education and curricula in the context of social change and globalization: A conceptual analysis. Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 12(1), 85–110.
  • Özsarı, A., & Deli Ş, C. (2023). The relationship between digital literacy and digital addiction: A research on hockey athletes. Turkish Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(4), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1283899
  • Özsarı, A., & Görücü, A. (2023). Digital literacy, digital addiction, and life satisfaction: Study of judo athletes. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 4(1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i1.100
  • Purdy, D., Eitzen, D., & Hufnagel, R. (1982). Are athletes also students? The educational attainment of college athletes. Social Problems, 29(4), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1982.29.4.03a00100
  • Simons, H., & Van Rheenen, D. (2000). Noncognitive predictors of student-athletes’ academic performance. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 30(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2000.10850094
  • Skrubbeltrang, L. S., Karen, D., Nielsen, J. C., & Olesen, J. S. (2018). Reproduction and opportunity: A study of dual career, aspirations, and elite sports in Danish sports classes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218789037
  • Stambulova, N. (2010). Counseling athletes in career transitions: The five-step career planning strategy. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2010.528829
  • Stambulova, N., Alfermann, D., Statler, T., & Côté, J. (2009). ISSP position stand: Career development and transitions of athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(4), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671916
  • Şimşek, B., Güleşçe, M., Sargın, K., Kartal, A., & Gümüşdağ, H. (2023). A study on e-sports, motivation, and physical activity triangle. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 25(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.222653
  • Turkish E-Sports Federation. (2024). Retrieved December 20, 2024, from http://tesfed.gov.tr/
  • Türkmen, M., & Özsarı, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the sports industry. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(2), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2020.596
  • Uysal, H., & Özsarı, A. (2024). Decision-making styles and career commitment: A research on sports manager candidates. Journal of Management Archive, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.70877/joma.3
  • Van Rens, F. E., Ashley, R. A., & Steele, A. R. (2019). Well-being and performance in dual careers: The role of academic and athletic identities. The Sport Psychologist, 33(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0026
  • Wagner, M. (2006). On the scientific relevance of e-sports. In Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Internet Computing & Conference on Computer Games Development (pp. 437–442). CSREA Press.
  • Wylleman, P., & Rosier, N. (2016). A holistic perspective on the development of elite athletes. In M. Raab, P. Wylleman, R. Seiler, A.-M. Elbe, & A. Hatzigeorgiadis (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology research: From theory to practice (pp. 269–288). Elsevier.
  • Yükçü, S., & Kaplanoğlu, E. (2018). E-sports industry. International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, 17, 533–550. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.435207

E-sporcuların E-öğrenme Tutumları ile Çift Kariyer Yetkinlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 144 - 152

Abstract

Bu araştırma ile e-sporcuların eğitim ve spor hayatlarını başarılı bir şekilde birlikte yürütebilmeleri için gerekli olan çift kariyer yetkinlikleri ile e-öğrenme tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ve literatüre katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma grubunu 392 erkek, 239 kadın olmak üzere toplam 631 faal lisanslı e-sporcu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sporcular İçin Çift Kariyer Yetkinlik Ölçeği ve Sporda E-öğrenmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma, toplanan nicel veriler ışığında ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen demografik değişkenlerin açıklanması için betimsel istatistik analizleri ve değişkenler arası ilişkilerin açıklanması amacıyla korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak e-sporcuların gelir düzeyi değişkeni ile çift kariyer yetkinlik algıları ve e-öğrenmeye yönelik tutumları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı bulgulanmış; e-sporcuların çift kariyer yetkinlik algıları ile e-öğrenmeye yönelik tutumları arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu bulgulanmış; e-sporcuların çift kariyer yönetimi, kariyer planlama, duygusal farkındalık ve sosyal zeka ve uyum alt boyutları ile yaşları arasında istatistiki açıdan pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulgulanmıştır.

References

  • Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. (2007). Career transitions and career termination. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 712–733). Wiley.
  • Aquilina, D. (2013). A study of the relationship between elite athletes’ educational development and sporting performance. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 30(4), 374–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2013.765723
  • Babuçoğlu, B. (2006). Evaluating student satisfaction at internet-supported accounting practices course: An application at Ozel İnci Anadolum Açıköğretim kursu (Publication No. 191878) [Master’s thesis, Anadolu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Bayrak, A. (2019). Electronic sports and a research on consumer preferences (Publication No. 572446) [Master’s thesis, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Bird, A. (1994). Careers as repositories of knowledge: A new perspective on boundaryless careers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150404
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory. (2008). First video game? https://www.bnl.gov/about/history/firstvideo.php
  • Chuan, C. C., Yusof, A., & Shah, P. M. (2012). Sports involvement and academic achievement: A study of Malaysian university athletes. International Education Studies, 6(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n2p12
  • Cura, T. (2009). Information technologies and information systems for managers. Sistem Publishing.
  • De Brandt, K., Wylleman, P., Torregrossa, M., Schipper-Van Veldhoven, N., Minelli, D., Defruyt, S., & De Knop, P. (2018). Exploring the factor structure of the dual career competency questionnaire for athletes in European pupil and student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2018.1511619
  • Deen, G., Hammer, M., Bethencourt, J., Eiron, I., Thomas, J., & Kaufman, J. H. (2006). Running Quake II on a grid. IBM Systems Journal, 45(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.451.0021
  • Delen, A. (2021). Trends in studies on e-learning environments in Turkey: Examination of theses between 2004–2020(Publication No. 658807) [Master’s thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Demir, A., & Sertbaş, K. (2020). E-sports: A new economy in the sports industry. USBAD International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(3), 73–88.
  • European Commission. (2012). EU guidelines on dual careers of athletes: Recommended policy actions in support of dual careers in high-performance sport. https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/documents/dual-career-guidelines-final_en.pdf
  • Fryklund, S. (2012). Swedish student-athletes’ within-career transitions [Undergraduate thesis, Malmö University].
  • Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2017). eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.008
  • Gábriš, T., Hamuľák, O., Kocharyan, H., & Ramil, P. M. (2024). Esports between the sports and entertainment industry: In search of division lines. TalTech Journal of European Studies, 14(2), 190–216. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2024-0022
  • Gaming in Turkey. (2023). Türkiye game market report 2023. https://www.turkiyeoyunsektoruraporu.com/en/turkiye-game-market-report-2023/
  • Ministry of Youth and Sports. (2018). E-sports report. General Directorate of Education, Culture and Research, Ministry of Youth and Sports. https://www.guvenlioyna.org.tr/uploads/ck-editor/family-reports/GSB%20E-SPOR.pdf
  • Govindasamy, T. (2002). Successful implementation of e-learning: Pedagogical considerations. Internet and Higher Education, 4(3–4), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(01)00071-9
  • Heidenreich, H., Brandt, C., Dickson, G., & Kurscheidt, M. (2022). Esports associations and the pursuit of legitimacy: Evidence from Germany. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 869151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.869151
  • Hong, H. J. (2022). eSports: The need for a structured support system for players. European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(5), 1430–1453. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2028876
  • International Olympic Committee. (2018). Communiqué of the 7th Olympic Summit. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/communique-of-the-7th-olympic-summit
  • International Olympic Committee. (2021). Inaugural Olympic Virtual Series concludes successfully. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/inaugural-olympic-virtual-series-concludes-successfully
  • International Olympic Committee. (2022). Olympic Agenda 2020+5. https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-agenda-2020-plus-5
  • International Olympic Committee. (2025). Inaugural Olympic Esports Games to be held in Riyadh in 2027 – Road to the Games to start this year. https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/inaugural-olympic-esports-games-to-be-held-in-riyadh-in-2027-road-to-the-games-to-start-this-year.
  • Jordan-Vallverdú, V., Plaza-Navas, M. A., Raya, J. M., & Torres-Pruñonosa, J. (2024). The intellectual structure of esports research. Entertainment Computing, 49, 100628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2023.100628
  • Karadağ, D. (2021). Determinants and consequences of dual career competence in adolescent athletes (Publication No. 685529) [Doctoral dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Karadağ, D., & Aşçı, F. (2021). The Turkish adaptation of “Dual careers competency questionnaire for athletes.” Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(2), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-79861
  • Karadağ, Ö., Baba Kaya, H., & Ustaoğlu Hoşver, P. (2023). The perceptions of sports sciences faculty students regarding the digital technology concept: A metaphor study. Trakya Journal of Education, 13(2), 923–942. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1100416
  • Karasar, N. (2019). Scientific research method. Nobel Publishing.
  • Keçeci, O., & Çelik, V. O. (2024). A qualitative study on e-sports players’ leadership perceptions regarding their team coaches. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(1), 144–166. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1380150
  • Kocadağ, M. (2017). Electronic sports career and education. Journal of Eastern Anatolia Social Sciences Trends, 1(2), 49–63.
  • Kocadağ, M. (2019). Investigation of career decision levels of adolescents interested in electronic sports in terms of several variables (Publication No. 574397) [Master’s thesis, Uludağ University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Macnamara, A., & Collins, D. (2010). The role of psychological characteristics in managing the transition to university. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(5), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.04.003
  • Mutlu Bozkurt, T. (2021). Investigation of the attitudes towards e-learning in sports, academic procrastination behaviors, and emotional intelligence traits of the students studying at the faculty of sports science (Publication No. 664948) [Doctoral dissertation, Gazi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
  • Mutlu Bozkurt, T., & Tamer, K. (2020). The scale of attitude to e-learning in sports. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 6(36), 1761–1771. https://doi.org/10.31576/smryj.634
  • Özdemir, S. M. (2011). Education and curricula in the context of social change and globalization: A conceptual analysis. Ahi Evran University Journal of Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 12(1), 85–110.
  • Özsarı, A., & Deli Ş, C. (2023). The relationship between digital literacy and digital addiction: A research on hockey athletes. Turkish Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(4), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1283899
  • Özsarı, A., & Görücü, A. (2023). Digital literacy, digital addiction, and life satisfaction: Study of judo athletes. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 4(1), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i1.100
  • Purdy, D., Eitzen, D., & Hufnagel, R. (1982). Are athletes also students? The educational attainment of college athletes. Social Problems, 29(4), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1982.29.4.03a00100
  • Simons, H., & Van Rheenen, D. (2000). Noncognitive predictors of student-athletes’ academic performance. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 30(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2000.10850094
  • Skrubbeltrang, L. S., Karen, D., Nielsen, J. C., & Olesen, J. S. (2018). Reproduction and opportunity: A study of dual career, aspirations, and elite sports in Danish sports classes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690218789037
  • Stambulova, N. (2010). Counseling athletes in career transitions: The five-step career planning strategy. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2010.528829
  • Stambulova, N., Alfermann, D., Statler, T., & Côté, J. (2009). ISSP position stand: Career development and transitions of athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(4), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671916
  • Şimşek, B., Güleşçe, M., Sargın, K., Kartal, A., & Gümüşdağ, H. (2023). A study on e-sports, motivation, and physical activity triangle. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 25(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5152/JPESS.2023.222653
  • Turkish E-Sports Federation. (2024). Retrieved December 20, 2024, from http://tesfed.gov.tr/
  • Türkmen, M., & Özsarı, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the sports industry. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(2), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2020.596
  • Uysal, H., & Özsarı, A. (2024). Decision-making styles and career commitment: A research on sports manager candidates. Journal of Management Archive, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.70877/joma.3
  • Van Rens, F. E., Ashley, R. A., & Steele, A. R. (2019). Well-being and performance in dual careers: The role of academic and athletic identities. The Sport Psychologist, 33(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0026
  • Wagner, M. (2006). On the scientific relevance of e-sports. In Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Internet Computing & Conference on Computer Games Development (pp. 437–442). CSREA Press.
  • Wylleman, P., & Rosier, N. (2016). A holistic perspective on the development of elite athletes. In M. Raab, P. Wylleman, R. Seiler, A.-M. Elbe, & A. Hatzigeorgiadis (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology research: From theory to practice (pp. 269–288). Elsevier.
  • Yükçü, S., & Kaplanoğlu, E. (2018). E-sports industry. International Journal of Economic and Administrative Studies, 17, 533–550. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.435207
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports and Recreation, Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Halil Uysal 0000-0001-6538-7312

Orcan Mızrak 0000-0001-9570-7487

Early Pub Date November 17, 2025
Publication Date November 20, 2025
Submission Date February 10, 2025
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uysal, H., & Mızrak, O. (2025). Investigation of the Relationship Between E-learning Attitudes and Dual Career Competence Levels of E-athletes. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 9(2), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1636758