ORGANİK VE MEKANİK: ‘ORGANİK’ MİMARLIĞIN MEKANİK OLARAK DENETLENEN YAPISAL ÇEVREYE DÖNÜŞÜMÜ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 157 - 182, 30.06.2024

Yusuf Civelek

Abstract

Yirminci Yüzyılın sonlarına doğru, tabiat bilimlerinden devşirilen işlevselcilik meselesi mimarlığın tabiatla ilişkisine değin söylemlere hâkim oldu. Buna rağmen, yapısal çevrenin şiirsel biçimde inşasını talep eden organikçi kurama içkin romantik idealizm, Yirminci Yüzyılın ilk kısmında mimari avangart için güçlü bir itki olmaya devam etti. Ama Frank Lloyd Wright, Richard Neutra gibi mimarlar organik mimarlığın odağını işlevsellikten mimarinin içinde bulunduğu yere kaydırdılar ve böylece mesele bir 'çevre' meselesine dönüşmeye başladı. Sanatla güdülenen organikçilik yerini bilimle güdülenen çevreciliğe bıraktıkça, modern mimarlık romantik itkisini kaybetti. Reyner Banham, organik mimarlığın mekanik olarak denetlenen bir çevreye dönüşmesi fikrinin başlıca savunucularındandı. Lâkin, onun misyonu gerçek meşruluğunu binalarda mimarlığın çevreye etkisini denetleyen etik teknikleri zorunlu kılmayı amaçlayan çağdaş ekolojik söylemde bulacaktı.

Keywords

Organik Mimari, Ekolojik Mimari, Yapısal Çevre, F. L. Wright, R. Neutra, R. Banham

ORGANIC AND ECOLOGICAL: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF ‘ORGANIC’ ARCHITECTURE INTO MECHANICALLY CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Towards the end of the Nineteenth Century, the discourse about the relationship between architecture and nature was dominated by the influence of functionalism derived from natural sciences. Despite functionalism, the romantic idealism embedded in the organicist theory called for the poetic construction of the builtenvironment, which remained a strong impulse for the architectural avantgarde during the first half of the Twentieth Century. Architects like Frank Lloyd Wright and Richard Neutra shifted the focus of organic architecture from functionality to architectural site, whereby it became and 'environmental' issue. However, the more the artistically motivated organicism was replaced by the scientifically motivated environmentalism, the more modern architecture lost its romantic impulse. Reyner Banham was one of the main advocates for the concept of organic architecture to transform into mechanically controlled environment, but his mission found the real justification in contemporary ecological discourse that imposes on buildings ethical techniques for controlling architecture's effect on the environment.

Keywords

Organic Architecture, Ecological Architecture, BuiltEnvironment, F. L. Wright, R. Neutra, R. Banham

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