Circadian rhythm and obesity

Year 2022, , 202 - 219, 07.02.2022

Tuğçe Şahin , Duygu Tozcu

https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.1053393

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The earth rotates around its axis for 24 hours, this process creates physiological, biochemical, and behavioral rhythms in living things. These one-day periods are called the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm regulates human physiology and behavior by responding to environmental stimuli around the clock. The circadian system and sleep/wake phases are intertwined, and conditions such as sleep disorders, exposure to artificial light, jet lag, and shift work may cause disruptions in the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm; It is effective in gastrointestinal system physiology such as cell proliferation, electrolyte balance, digestion, absorption, motility. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm can cause imbalances in the intestinal flora, which can lead to disruptions in both the immune system and the absorption and digestion of macronutrients. In the human body, many endocrine factors are secreted in 24-hour periods and the amount of secretion reaches its peak at certain hours during the day. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm can cause many pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes by causing disorders in the gastrointestinal system physiology, the secretion function of appetite hormones, and other endocrine factors secreted in 24 hours. Our aim in this review is to discuss the effects of circadian rhythm on gastrointestinal health and the relationship of hormones fluctuating with 24-hour circadian rhythm and obesity. The search was conducted in peer-reviewed journals PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. For this purpose, the keywords circadian rhythm and obesity were used together and research articles were included in this study. 

Keywords

Circadian rhythm, Gastrointestinal system, Leptin, Melatonin, Obesity

References

• Referans1 Achari, A. E., & Jain, S. K. 2017. Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(6), 1321.
• Referans2 Akıncı E., Orhan Ö.F., 2016. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 8(2):178-189.
• Referans3 Al-Chalabi, M., Bass, A. N., & Alsalman, I. 2021. Physiology, Prolactin. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
• Referans4 Amanpour, A., Kahraman, S., ÇINAR, B., & Çelik, F. 2021. Mavi Işık Maruziyetinin Sirkadiyen Ritim ve Beslenme Üzerindeki Etkisi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 566-573.
• Referans5 Ames, M. K., Atkins, C. E., & Pitt, B. 2019. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its suppression. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 33(2), 363–382.
• Referans6 Audira, G., Sarasamma, S., Chen, J. R., Juniardi, S., Sampurna, B. P., et al. 2018. Zebrafish mutants carrying leptin a (leap) gene deficiency display obesity, anxiety, less aggression and fear, and circadian rhythm and color preference dysregulation. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(12), 4038.
• Referans7 Banihani S. A. 2018. Ginger and Testosterone. Biomolecules, 8(4), 119.
• Referans8 Bankir, L., Bichet, D. G., & Morgenthaler, N. G. 2017. Vasopressin: physiology, assessment, and osmosensation. Journal of internal medicine, 282(4), 284–297.
• Referans9 Barnea, M., Chapnik, N., Genzer, Y., & Froy, O. 2015. The circadian clock machinery controls adiponectin expression. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 399, 284-287.
• Referans10 Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J. 2014. Circadian misalignment and health. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 26(2), 139–154.
• Referans11 Bedrosian, T. A., & Nelson, R. J. 2017. Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits. Translational psychiatry, 7(1), e1017.
• Referans12 Berger, S., & Polotsky, V. Y. 2018. Leptin and Leptin Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Possible Link to Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018, 5137947.
• Referans13 Bhadra, U., Thakkar, N., Das, P., & Pal Bhadra, M. 2017. Evolution of circadian rhythms: from bacteria to human. Sleep medicine, 35, 49–61.
• Referans 14 Blüher, M. 2020. Metabolically healthy obesity. Endocrine Reviews, 41(3), 405-420.
• Referans 15 Challet, E. 2015. Keeping circadian time with hormones. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 17, 76-83.
• Referans16 Codoñer-Franch, P., & Gombert, M. 2018. Circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. World journal of gastroenterology, 24(38), 4297–4303.
• Referans17 Cox, K. H., &Takahashi, J. S. 2019. Circadian clock genes and the transcriptional architecture of the clock mechanism, Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 63(4), R93-R102.
• Referans18 Cui, M., Xiao, H., Luo, D., Zhang, X., Zhao, et al. 2016. Circadian Rhythm Shapes the Gut Microbiota Affecting Host Radiosensitivity. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(11), 1786.
• Referans19 Emens, J. S., & Burgess, H. J. 2015. Effect of Light and Melatonin and Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists on Human Circadian Physiology. Sleep medicine clinics, 10(4), 435–453.
• Referans20 Fatima, N., & Rana, S. 2020. Metabolicimplications of circadian disruption. PflügersArchiv-EuropeanJournal of Physiology, 472(5), 513-526.
• Referans21 Froy, O. 2010. Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms-Implications for Body Weight. The Open Neuroendocrinology Journal, 3(1).
• Referans22 Gómez-Abellán, P., Gómez-Santos, C., Madrid, J. A., Milagro, F. I., Campion, J., et al. 2010. Circadian expression of adiponectin and its receptors in human adipose tissue. Endocrinology, 151(1), 115-122.
• Referans23 Goswami, N., Abulafia, C., Vigo, D., Moser, M., Cornelissen, Get al. 2020. Falls Risk, Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin: Current Perspectives. Clinical interventions in aging, 15, 2165–2174.
• Referans24 Gray, S. M., Page, L. C., & Tong, J. 2019. Ghrelin regulation of glucose metabolism. Journal of neuroendocrinology, 31(7), e12705.
• Referans25 Gul, S., Rahim, F., Isin, S., Yilmaz, F., Ozturk, N., et al. 2021. Structure-based design and classifications of small molecules regulating the circadian rhythm period. Scientific reports, 11(1), 18510.
• Referans26 Halberg, F. Haus, E. Cornélissen, G., 1995. From Biologic Rhythms to Chronomes Relevant for Nutrition. In Not Eating Enough: Overcoming Underconsumption of Military Operational Rations; Marriott, B.M., Ed.; National Academies Press: Washington DC, USA, 361–372.
• Referans27 Hayes, J. F., Balantekin, K. N., Altman, M., Wilfley, D. E., Taylor, et al. 2018. Sleep Patterns and Quality Are Associated with Severity of Obesity and Weight-Related Behaviors in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Childhood obesity (Print), 14(1), 11–17.
• Referans28 Hussain, M. M., & Pan, X. 2015. Circadian regulators of intestinal lipid absorption. Journal of lipid research, 56(4), 761–770.
• Referans29 Ivanov, D. O., Evsyukova, I. I., Mazzoccoli, G., Anderson, G., Polyakova, et al. 2020. The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity. Biology, 9(4), 72.
• Referans30 Jagannath, A., Taylor, L., Wakaf, Z., Vasudevan, S. R., &Foster, R. G. 2017. The genetics of circadian rhythms, sleep and health. Human molecular genetics, 26(R2), R128–R138.
• Referans31 Kettner, N. M., Mayo, S. A., Hua, J., Lee, C., Moore, et al. 2015. Circadian dysfunction induces leptin resistance in mice. Cell metabolism, 22(3), 448-459.
• Referans32 Kim, T. W., Jeong, J. H., & Hong, S. C. 2015. The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. International journal of endocrinology, 2015, 591729.
• Referans33 Kolb, H., Kempf, K., Röhling, M., & Martin, S. 2020. Insulin: too much of a good thing is bad. BMC medicine, 18(1), 224.
• Referans34 Lee, J., Liu, R., de Jesus, D., Kim, B. S., Ma, et al. 2015. Circadian control of β‐cell function and stress responses. Diabetes, Obesityand Metabolism, 17, 123-133.
• Referans35 Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. 2010. Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocrine development, 17, 11–21.
• Referans36 Lin, S., Li, C., Li, C., & Zhang, X. (2018). Growth hormone receptor mutations related to individual dwarfism. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(5), 1433.
• Referans37 Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. 2019. Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 20(1), 49–65.
• Referans38 Lyons, A. B., Moy, L., Moy, R., & Tung, R. 2019. Circadian Rhythm and the Skin: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 12(9), 42–45.
• Referans39 Makris, M. C., Alexandrou, A., Papatsoutsos, E. G., Malietzis, G., Tsilimigras, et al. 2017. Ghrelin and Obesity: Identifying Gaps and Dispelling Myths. A Reappraisal. In vivo (Athens, Greece), 31(6), 1047–1050.
• Referans40 Martchenko, A., Martchenko, S. E., Biancolin, A. D., & Brubaker, P. L. 2020. Circadian rhythms and the gastrointestinal tract: relationship to metabolism and gut hormones. Endocrinology, 161(12), bqaa167.
• Referans41 Mason, I. C., Qian, J., Adler, G. K., & Scheer, F. 2020. Impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism: implications for type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 63(3), 462–472.
• Referans42 Mat, A. M., Sarrazin, J., Markov, G. V., Apremont, V., Dubreuil, C.,et al. 2020. Biological rhythms in the deep-sea hydrothermal mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Nature communications, 11(1), 3454.
• Referans43 Maury E. 2019. Off the Clock: From Circadian Disruption to MetabolicDisease. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(7), 1597.
• Referans44 Mesarwi, O., Polak, J., Jun, J., & Polotsky, V. Y. 2013. Sleep disorders and the development of insulin resistance and obesity. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 42(3), 617–634.
• Referans45 Mistlberger R. E. 2020. Food as a circadian time cue for appetitive behavior. F1000Research, 9, F1000 Faculty Rev-61.
• Referans46 Morris, C. J., Aeschbach, D., & Scheer, F. A. 2012. Circadian system, sleep and endocrinology. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 349(1), 91–104.
• Referans47 Mullur, R., Liu, Y. Y., & Brent, G. A. 2014. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 94(2), 355–382.
• Referans48 Nduhirabandi, F., du Toit, E. F., & Lochner, A. 2012. Melatonin and the metabolic syndrome: a tool for effective therapy in obesity-associated abnormalities?. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 205(2), 209–223.
• Referans49 Nguyen T. 2020. Adiponectin: Role in Physiology and Pathophysiology. International journal of preventive medicine, 11, 136.
• Referans50 Nguyen, J., & Wright Jr, K. P. 2010. Influence of weeks of circadian misalignment on leptin levels. Nature and science of sleep, 2, 9.
• Referans51 Noh J. 2018. The Effect of Circadian and Sleep Disruptions on Obesity Risk. Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome, 27(2), 78-83.
• Referans52 Ogilvie, R. P., & Patel, S. R. 2017. The epidemiology of sleep and obesity. Sleep health, 3(5), 383–388.
• Referans53 Olson, C. A., Hamilton, N. A., & Somers, V. K. 2016. Percentage of REM sleep is associated with overnight change in leptin. Journal of sleep research, 25(4), 419-425.
• Referans54 Onaolapo, A. Y., & Onaolapo, O. J. 2018. Circadian dysrhythmia-linked diabetes mellitus: Examining melatonin's roles in prophylaxis and management. World journal of diabetes, 9(7), 99–114.
• Referans55 Orihara, K., Haraguchi, A., & Shibata, S. 2020. Crosstalk Among Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and Allergy. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(5), 1884.
• Referans56 Otamas, A., Grant, P. J., & Ajjan, R. A. 2020. Diabetes and atherothrombosis: The circadian rhythm and role of melatonin in vascular protection. Diabetes & vascular disease research, 17(3), 1479164120920582.
• Referans57 Pagano, E. S., Spinedi, E., & Gagliardino, J. J. 2017. White adipose tissue and circadian rhythm dysfunctions in obesity: pathogenesis and available therapies. Neuroendocrinology, 104(4), 347-363.
• Referans58 Page A. J., 2021. Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents and Food Intake: Relevance of Circadian Rhythms. Nutrients, 13(3), 844.
• Referans59 Patton, D. F., & Mistlberger, R. E. 2013. Circadian adaptations to meal timing: neuroendocrine mechanisms. Frontiers in neuroscience, 7, 185.
• Referans60 Posner B. I. 2017. Insulin Signalling: The Inside Story. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 41(1), 108–113.
• Referans61 Reid K. J. 2019. Assessment of circadian rhythms. Neurologic clinics, 37(3), 505–526.
• Referans62 Rijo-Ferreira, F., &Takahashi, J. S. 2019. Genomics of circadian rhythms in health and disease. Genome medicine, 11(1), 82.
• Referans63 Rosselot, A. E., Hong, C. I., & Moore, S. R. 2016. Rhythm and bugs: circadian clocks, gut microbiota, and enteric infections. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 32(1), 7–11.
• Referans64 Scott EM., 2015. Circadian clocks, obesity and cardiometabolic function. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 17: 84-89.
• Referans65 Serin, Y., & Acar Tek, N. 2019. Effect of Circadian Rhythm on Metabolic Processes and the Regulation of Energy Balance. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 74(4), 322–330. Referans66 Sridhar, G. R., & Sanjana, N. S. 2016. Sleep, circadian dysrhythmia, obesity, and diabetes. World journal of diabetes, 7(19), 515–522.
• Referans67 Stevenson T. J. 2018. Epigenetic Regulation of Biological Rhythms: An Evolutionary Ancient Molecular Timer. Trends in genetics: TIG, 34(2), 90–100.
• Referans68 Stokes, K., Cooke, A., Chang, H., Weaver, D. R., Breault, D., et al.2017. TheCircadianClock Gene BMAL1 CoordinatesIntestinal Regeneration. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology, 4(1), 95–114. Referans69 Straub, L. G., & Scherer, P. E. 2019. Metabolic Messengers: Adiponectin. Nature metabolism, 1(3), 334–339.
• Referans70 Tezze, C., Romanello, V., & Sandri, M. 2019. FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 419.
• Referans71 Thau, L., Gandhi, J., & Sharma, S. 2021. Physiology, Cortisol. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
• Referans72 Vasey, C., McBride, J., & Penta, K. 2021. Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Restoration: The Role of Melatonin. Nutrients, 13(10), 3480.
• Referans73 Voigt, R. M., Forsyth, C. B., & Keshavarzian, A. 2019. Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 13(5), 411–424.
• Referans74 Wang, Q., Yin, Y., & Zhang, W. 2018. Ghrelin restores the disruption of the circadian clock in the steatotic liver. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(10), 3134.
• Referans75 Wirz-Justice, A., Skene, D. J., & Münch, M. 2021. The relevance of daylight for humans. Biochemical pharmacology, 191, 114304.
• Referans76 Xie, Y., Tang, Q., Chen, G., Xie, M., Yu, et al. 2019. New InsightsIntotheCircadianRhythmandItsRelatedDiseases. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 682.
• Referans77 Zisapel N. 2018. New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms, and their regulation. British journal of pharmacology, 175(16), 3190–3199.