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Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Kullanılan Ölçme Değerlendirme Yaklaşımları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2026, Issue: 72, 101 - 119, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1776479
https://izlik.org/JA76WC26SW

Abstract

Hızla gelişip yenilenen teknoloji ve buna bağlı dünya çapında bir ağ haline dönüşen iletişim süreçlerindeki artış, halkla ilişkilerin uygulama alanlarını da etki etmiştir. Bu durum kuruluşların profesyonel ve planlı halkla ilişkiler gereksinimini ortaya çıkmıştır. Başarılı halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının gerekliliği olan stratejik iletişim sürecinde kuruluşların hedef kitleler üzerindeki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi ciddi önem arz etmektedir. Halkla ilişkiler birimleri ve ajansları, kuruluşların finansal, siyasal, sosyal ve kültürel alanlarda oluşturduğu planlamanın gereksinimlerini yürütebilmesi amacıyla yapılan tüm halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerini ölçmeli ve değerlendirmelidir. Bu sebeple stratejik halkla ilişkiler yönetimi için ölçme değerlendirme zorunluluğu bir gereksinimdir. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de halkla ilişkiler sektöründe ölçme değerlendirme sürecinin nasıl yürütüldüğü, alanda ne şekilde işlediği, uygulama çeşitliliği, ajanslarının kurumlar ile bu konudaki iletişim süreçleri ve ölçme değerlendirme konusunda yaşanan zorluklar gözlemlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın literatür kısmında stratejik yönetimde halkla ilişkilerin rolü, halkla ilişkilerde ölçme ve değerlendirme bağlamında uluslararası ilkeler ve güncel ölçme değerlendirme yaklaşımları konularına yer verilmiştir. Örneklem ve sınırlılıklar çerçevesinde belirlenen ajans temsilcileri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler ile durum ortaya konulmaya, ulaşılan veriler ile Türkiye’de halkla ilişkiler alanındaki ölçme değerlendirme yaklaşımları, değerlendirilerek sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

References

  • David, F. R. (1999). Concepts and strategic management. Prentice Hall.
  • Göksel, A. B. (2013). Stratejik halkla ilişkiler yönetimi. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • İşbir, F. (2012). Halkla ilişkiler cep pazarlama dizisi. Rota Yayınları.
  • Lindenmann, W. K. (2006). Public relations research for planning and evaluation. Published By The Institute for Public Relations.
  • Stacks, D. W. (2017). Primer of public relations research. Guilford Press.
  • Yayınoğlu, P. E. (2005). Halkla İlişkilerde Araştırma. Birsen Yayınevi,
  • Watson, T. (2001). Integrating planning and evaluation: Evaluating the public relations practice and public relations programs. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of public relations (pp. 259–268). SAGE Publications.
  • Volk, S. C., & Buhmann, A. (2019). New avenues in communication evaluation andmeasurement: Towards a research agenda for the 2020s. Journal of Communication Management, 23(3), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-08-2019-147
  • Day, T., & Tosey, P. (2011). Beyond SMART? A new framework for goal setting. The Curriculum Journal, 22(4), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2011.627213
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  • Dozier, D. M. (1990). The innovation of research in public relations practice: Review of a program of studies. Public Relations Research Annual, 2(1–4), 3–28.
  • Fairchild, M. (2002). Evaluation: an opportunity to raise the standing of P.R. Journal of Communication Management, 6(4), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540210807125
  • Gregory, A., & Watson, T. (2008). Defining the gap between research and practice in public relations programme evaluation–towards a new research agenda. Journal of Marketing Communications, 14(5), 337-350.
  • Grunig, J. E. (2006). Furnishing the edifice: ongoing research on public relations as a strategic management function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(2), 151-176.
  • Macnamara, J. (2014). “Emerging international standards for measurement and evaluation of public relations: A critical analysis”, Public Relations Inquiry, 3(1), 7-29.
  • Macnamara, J., & Likely, F. (2017). Revisiting the disciplinary home of evaluation: New perspectives to ınform pr evaluation standards. Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations, 3(2), 1-21.
  • Macnamara, J. (2018). A review of new evaluation models for strategic communication: progress and gaps. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1428978
  • Marklein, T., & Paine, K. (2012). “The march to standards”, paper presented at AMEC’s 4th European Summit on Measurement. Dublin, Ireland. 13-15. http://amecorg.com/downloads/dublin2012/The-March-to-Social-Standards-Tim-Marklein-and-Katie-Paine.pdf
  • Michaelson, D. & Stacks, D. W. (2011). “Standardisation in public relations measurementand evaluation”, Public Relations Journal, 5(2), 1-22.
  • Mccoy, M., & Hargie, O. (2003). Implications of mass communication theory for asymmetric pr evaluation. Journal of Communication Management, 7(4), 304–16.
  • Radford, G. P., Goldstein, S. Z. (2002). The role of research methods in corporate communication. Corporate Communications, 7(4), 252.
  • Ragas, M. W., & Laskin, A. V. (2014). "Mixed-methods: Measurement and evaluationamong investor relations officers", Corporate communications: An International Journal, 19(2), 166-181.
  • Uluslararası İletişim Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Derneği [AMEC]. (2012 Haziran 13-15). http://amecinternationalsummitdublin.org/downloads/The-March-to-Social-Standards-Tim-Marklein-and-Katie-Paine.pdf
  • Halkla İlişkiler Enstitüsü, 2015 Eylül. https://instituteforpr.org/barcelona-principles-2-0-updated-2015/ Uluslararası İletişim Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Derneği [AMEC], (2020). https://amecorg.com/tr/barcelona-principles-3/

An Examination of the Measurement and Evaluation Approaches Used in the Public Relations Sector in Turkey

Year 2026, Issue: 72, 101 - 119, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1776479
https://izlik.org/JA76WC26SW

Abstract

The rapid development and innovation of technology, and the resulting increase in communication processes transforming into a global network, have also affected the application areas of public relations. This situation has created a need for professional and planned public relations for organizations. In the strategic communication process, which is essential for successful public relations practices, evaluating the effectiveness of organizations on their target audiences is of serious importance. Public relations units and agencies must measure and evaluate all public relations activities undertaken to enable organizations to fulfill the requirements of their financial, political, social, and cultural planning. Therefore, measurement and evaluation are essential requirements for strategic public relations management. This research attempts to observe how the measurement and evaluation process is conducted in the public relations sector in Turkey, how it operates in the field, the diversity of applications, the communication processes of agencies with institutions on this issue, and the challenges experienced in measurement and evaluation. The literature review section of the research includes the role of public relations in strategic management, international principles in the context of measurement and evaluation in public relations, and current measurement and evaluation approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with agency representatives selected within the scope of the sample and limitations. The situation was revealed through interviews, and the data obtained were used to evaluate measurement and assessment approaches in the field of public relations in Turkey, thereby developing problems and proposed solutions.

References

  • David, F. R. (1999). Concepts and strategic management. Prentice Hall.
  • Göksel, A. B. (2013). Stratejik halkla ilişkiler yönetimi. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • İşbir, F. (2012). Halkla ilişkiler cep pazarlama dizisi. Rota Yayınları.
  • Lindenmann, W. K. (2006). Public relations research for planning and evaluation. Published By The Institute for Public Relations.
  • Stacks, D. W. (2017). Primer of public relations research. Guilford Press.
  • Yayınoğlu, P. E. (2005). Halkla İlişkilerde Araştırma. Birsen Yayınevi,
  • Watson, T. (2001). Integrating planning and evaluation: Evaluating the public relations practice and public relations programs. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of public relations (pp. 259–268). SAGE Publications.
  • Volk, S. C., & Buhmann, A. (2019). New avenues in communication evaluation andmeasurement: Towards a research agenda for the 2020s. Journal of Communication Management, 23(3), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-08-2019-147
  • Day, T., & Tosey, P. (2011). Beyond SMART? A new framework for goal setting. The Curriculum Journal, 22(4), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2011.627213
  • Doran, G. T. (1981). There’s a SMART way to write management’s goals and objectives. Management Review, 70(11), 35–36.
  • Dozier, D. M. (1990). The innovation of research in public relations practice: Review of a program of studies. Public Relations Research Annual, 2(1–4), 3–28.
  • Fairchild, M. (2002). Evaluation: an opportunity to raise the standing of P.R. Journal of Communication Management, 6(4), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540210807125
  • Gregory, A., & Watson, T. (2008). Defining the gap between research and practice in public relations programme evaluation–towards a new research agenda. Journal of Marketing Communications, 14(5), 337-350.
  • Grunig, J. E. (2006). Furnishing the edifice: ongoing research on public relations as a strategic management function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(2), 151-176.
  • Macnamara, J. (2014). “Emerging international standards for measurement and evaluation of public relations: A critical analysis”, Public Relations Inquiry, 3(1), 7-29.
  • Macnamara, J., & Likely, F. (2017). Revisiting the disciplinary home of evaluation: New perspectives to ınform pr evaluation standards. Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations, 3(2), 1-21.
  • Macnamara, J. (2018). A review of new evaluation models for strategic communication: progress and gaps. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2018.1428978
  • Marklein, T., & Paine, K. (2012). “The march to standards”, paper presented at AMEC’s 4th European Summit on Measurement. Dublin, Ireland. 13-15. http://amecorg.com/downloads/dublin2012/The-March-to-Social-Standards-Tim-Marklein-and-Katie-Paine.pdf
  • Michaelson, D. & Stacks, D. W. (2011). “Standardisation in public relations measurementand evaluation”, Public Relations Journal, 5(2), 1-22.
  • Mccoy, M., & Hargie, O. (2003). Implications of mass communication theory for asymmetric pr evaluation. Journal of Communication Management, 7(4), 304–16.
  • Radford, G. P., Goldstein, S. Z. (2002). The role of research methods in corporate communication. Corporate Communications, 7(4), 252.
  • Ragas, M. W., & Laskin, A. V. (2014). "Mixed-methods: Measurement and evaluationamong investor relations officers", Corporate communications: An International Journal, 19(2), 166-181.
  • Uluslararası İletişim Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Derneği [AMEC]. (2012 Haziran 13-15). http://amecinternationalsummitdublin.org/downloads/The-March-to-Social-Standards-Tim-Marklein-and-Katie-Paine.pdf
  • Halkla İlişkiler Enstitüsü, 2015 Eylül. https://instituteforpr.org/barcelona-principles-2-0-updated-2015/ Uluslararası İletişim Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Derneği [AMEC], (2020). https://amecorg.com/tr/barcelona-principles-3/
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication Systems, Organisational, Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aybüke Kardelen Kartal 0000-0002-7106-6125

Deniz Akbulut 0000-0003-0236-525X

Submission Date September 2, 2025
Acceptance Date January 3, 2026
Publication Date March 24, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1776479
IZ https://izlik.org/JA76WC26SW
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: 72

Cite

APA Kartal, A. K., & Akbulut, D. (2026). Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Kullanılan Ölçme Değerlendirme Yaklaşımları Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İletişim Kuram Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 72, 101-119. https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1776479