Geçmişten Geleceğe: Sağlıkta Sanal Gerçeklik ve Uygulama Alanları

Abstract

Sanal gerçeklik terimi birbirine zıt iki kelime olan “sanal” ve “gerçek” kelimesinden türemiştir. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları kullanıcılara oluşturulan yapay ortama girebilme ve orada çeşitli deneyimler yaşama imkanı sunar. Ayrıca mesafe, ulaşım zorluğu veya engellilik nedeniyle randevu almakta güçlük çeken hastalar için uygun maliyetli, erişilebilir, esnek ve kapsamlı müdahaleler sunmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının, savunma ve havacılık endüstrilerinde, eğitim ve öğretim alanlarında, resim, eğlence ve oyun dünyasında, sağlık bakımı ve tedavisinde artarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Sanal gerçekliğin sağlıkla ilgili alanlarda artan kullanımı göz önüne alındığında, sanal gerçeklik müdahalelerinin hasta yönetiminde güçlü araçlar olma potansiyeli olduğu söylenebilir. Bir hastalığı tedavi etmekten ziyade bireye bakım vermeye odaklanan, merkezinde bireyin yer aldığı örgütsel bir model anlayışını ele alan sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının; hastalığın yönetimini etkileme, hastanın bir bütün olarak ele alınmasıyla bakıma dahil edilmesi ve hasta uyumunu arttırma gibi birçok alanda olumlu etkilerinin olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sanal gerçeklikteki doğal etkileşim, bireylerin belirlenen görevlere katılımını kolaylaştırmasının yanı sıra sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarına ve yeteneklerine uyarlanabilecek gerçek zamanlı geri bildirimler sunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, sağlık alanında kullanılan sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları ve bakım sürecine olan etkilerini incelemektir.

Keywords

• Sanal gerçeklik
• sağlık uygulamaları
• teknoloji

From the Past to the Future: Virtual Reality in Health and Application Areas

Abstract

The term virtual reality is derived from the two opposite words "virtual" and "real". Virtual reality applications offer users the opportunity to enter the artificial environment created and experience various experiences there. It also offers cost-effective, accessible, flexible and comprehensive interventions for patients who have difficulty getting an appointment due to distance, transportation difficulties or disability. It is seen that virtual reality applications are increasingly used in the defense and aerospace industries, education and training, painting, entertainment and game worlds, health care and treatment. It is seen that virtual reality applications are increasingly used in the defense and aerospace industries, education and training, painting, entertainment and game worlds, health care and treatment. Considering the increasing use of virtual reality in health-related fields, it can be said that virtual reality interventions have the potential to be powerful tools in patient management. Virtual reality applications focusing on caring for an individual rather than treating a disease and addressing an organizational model understanding in which the individual is at the center; It has been reported to have positive effects in many areas such as affecting the management of the disease, including the patient as a whole and increasing patient compliance. In addition to the natural interaction in virtual reality facilitating the participation of individuals in the determined tasks, virtual reality applications provide real-time feedback that can be adapted to the needs and abilities of the users. The purpose of this review is to examine virtual reality applications used in the field of healthcare and their effects on the care process.

Keywords

• Virtual reality
• health applications
• technology

References

1. Sürücü O, Başar ME. Kültürel mirası korumada bir farkındalık aracı olarak sanal gerçeklik. Artium. 2016;4(1):13-26. http://artium.hku.edu.tr/ tr/pub/issue/28071/298041
2. Kayabaşı Y, Sanal Gerçeklik Ve Eğitim Amaçlı Kullanılması, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2015;4(3):151-158. ISSN: 1303- 6521
3. Reznek M, Harter P, Krummel, T. Virtual reality and simulation: training the future emergency physician. Academic Emergency Medicine 2002;9(1):78-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2002.tb01172.x
4. Wiederhold BK. The potential for virtual reality to improve health care. California; 2006. Available from:http://www.iactor.eu/downloads/WP%20 The%20Potential%20for%20VR%20to%20Improve%20Healthcare.pdf [Internet]. 2020 May.
5. Fuchs P, Moreau G, Guitton P. Virtual Reality: Concepts and Technologies. Taylor & Francis Group, Florida, 2011, ss: 1-410. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1201/b11612
6. Jenson CE, Forsyth DM. Virtual reality simulation: using three-dimensional technology to teach nursing students. Comput Inform Nurs. 2012;30(6):312-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ NXN.0b013e31824af6ae
7. dataflog.com [Internet]. 5 Types of Virtual Reality that will Affect the Future; 2017 [cited 2020 June 1]. Available From: https://datafloq.com/ read/5-types-virtual-reality-affect-the-future/4030
8. Mitrousia V, Giotakos O. Virtual reality therapy in anxiety disorders. Psychiatriki. 2016;27(4):276-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22365/ jpsych.2016.274.276

9. Burrai F, Othman S, Brioni E, Micheluzzi V, Luppi M, Apuzzo L, et al. Effects of Virtual Reality in Patients Undergoing Dialysis: Study Protocol. Holist Nurs Pract. 2019;33(6):327-337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ HNP.0000000000000330
10. Maggio MG, Latella D, Maresca G, et al. Virtual Reality and Cognitive Rehabilitation in People With Stroke: An Overview. J Neurosci Nurs. 2019;51(2):101-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ JNN.0000000000000423
11. Kim O, Pang Y, Kim JH. The effectiveness of virtual reality for people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019- 2180-x
12. Garrett B, Taverner T, Masinde W, Gromala D, Shaw C, Negraeff M. A rapid evidence assessment of immersive virtual reality as an adjunct therapy in acute pain management in clinical practice. Clin J Pain. 2014;30(12):1089- 1098. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000064
13. Shah LB, Torres S, Kannusamy P, Chng CM, He HG, Klainin-Yobas P. Efficacy of the virtual reality-based stress management program on stress-related variables in people with mood disorders: the feasibility study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015;29(1):6-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.003
14. Voinescu A, Petrini K, Stanton Fraser D, Lazarovicz RA, Papavă I, et al. The effectiveness of a virtual reality attention task to predict depression and anxiety in comparison with current clinical measures. Virtual Reality 2023; 27:119–140. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00520-7
15. Majidi E, Manshaee G. Effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on state-trait anxiety in individuals with dentophobia.Current Psychology. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04485-5
16. van Loenen I, Scholten W, Muntingh A, Smit J, Batelaan N. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(2):e26736. Published 2022 Feb 10. DOI: 10.2196/26736
17. Yıldırım BG, Gerçeker GÖ. The Effect of Virtual Reality and Buzzy on First Insertion Success, Procedure-Related Fear, Anxiety, and Pain in Children during Intravenous Insertion in the Pediatric Emergency Unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Emerg Nurs. 2023;49(1):62-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.09.018
18. Chou HY, Chen SC, Yen TH, Han HM. Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Program on Fatigue in Hospitalized Taiwanese End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Clin Nurs Res. 2020;29(6):368- 374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773818788511
19. Rutkowski S, Rutkowska A, Kiper P, Jastrzebski D, Racheniuk H, Turolla A, et.al. Virtual Reality Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020 Jan 13;15:117-124. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S223592
20. Ho TH, Yang FC, Lin RC, Chien WC, Chung CH, Chiang SL, et.al. Impact of virtual reality-based rehabilitation on functional outcomes in patients with acute stroke: a retrospective case-matched study. J Neurol. 2019 Mar;266(3):589-597. DOI:10.1007/s00415-018-09171-2.
21. Honzel E, Murthi S, Brawn-Cinani B, Colloca G, Kier C, Varshney A, et.al.Virtual reality, music, and pain: developing the premise for an interdisciplinary approach to pain management. Pain. 2019 Sep;160(9):1909-1919. DOI:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001539
22. Basak T, Duman S, Demirtas A. Distraction-based relief of pain associated with peripheral intravenous catheterisation in adults: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(5-6):770-777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15131
23. Stewart D, Mete M, Groninger H. Virtual reality for pain management in patients with heart failure: Study rationale and design [published correction appears in Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2020 Dec 10;20:100689]. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019;16:100470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100470
24. Chen YJ, Cheng SF, Lee PC, Lai CH, Hou IC, Chen CW. Distraction using virtual reality for children during intravenous injections in an emergency department: A randomised trial. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(3-4):503-510. DOI:10.1111/jocn.15088
25. Fredericks EM, Kerns N. CARETAKVR: A Virtual Reality Environment to Train Alzheimer's Caregivers, Proceedings of the 2019 ASEE North Central Section Conference. 2019. Available From: http://people.cst.cmich.edu/ yelam1k/asee/proceedings/2019/1/29.pdf [Internet]. 2020 June.
26. Jütten LH, Mark RE, Sitskoorn MM. Can the Mixed Virtual Reality Simulator Into D'mentia Enhance Empathy and Understanding and Decrease Burden in Informal Dementia Caregivers?. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8(3):453-466. https://doi.org/10.1159/000494660
27. Wijma EM, Veerbeek MA, Prins M, Pot AM, Willemse BM. A virtual reality intervention to improve the understanding and empathy for people with dementia in informal caregivers: results of a pilot study. Aging Ment Health. 2018;22(9):1115-1123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13607863.2017.1348470
28. Thompson-Butel AG, Shiner CT, McGhee J, Bailey BJ, Bou-Haidar P, McCorriston M, et.al. The Role of Personalized Virtual Reality in Education for Patients Post Stroke-A Qualitative Case Series. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Feb;28(2):450-457. DOI:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.10.018
29. Durante A, Palombo A, Acciarino A. Virtual Reality for Informal Caregivers of Heart Failure Patients: A Mixed Method Research Proposal, 2019: Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning, 9th International Conference, Workshops pp 26-31. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23884-1_4
30. Chirico A, Lucidi F, De Laurentiis M, Milanese C, Napoli A, Giordano A. Virtual Reality in Health System: Beyond Entertainment. A Mini- Review on the Efficacy of VR During Cancer Treatment. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231(2):275-287. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.25117
31. Bani Mohammad E, Ahmad M. Virtual reality as a distraction technique for pain and anxiety among patients with breast cancer: A randomized control trial. Palliat Support Care. 2019;17(1):29-34. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1017/S1478951518000639
32. Chirico A, Maiorano P, Indovina P, Milanese C, Giordano GG, Alivernini F, et al. Virtual reality and music therapy as distraction interventions to alleviate anxiety and improve mood states in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(6):5353-5362. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29422
33. Toru F, Lafçı D (Danışman), Meme Kanserli Hastalarda Kemoterapi Tedavisi Sırasında Uygulanan Sanal Gerçeklik Gözlüğünün Anksiyete ve Hasta Memnuniyetine Etkisi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2018.YÖKTEZ. Erişim Adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay. jsp?id=eRVhw0AomZ0HRKdVaGv8JA&no=7ekrEmeh3i9WOezTFnxO-A Erişim Tarihi:30.05.2020
34. Syed-Abdul S, Malwade S, Nursetyo AA, Sood M, Bhatia M, Barsasella D, et al. Virtual reality among the elderly: a usefulness and acceptance study from Taiwan. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):223. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1186/s12877-019-1218-8
35. Lee S, Shin S. Effectiveness of virtual reality using video gaming technology in elderly adults with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013;15(6):489-496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2013.0050
36. Keys E, Luctkar-Flude M, Tyerman J, Sears K, Woo K. Developing a Virtual Simulation Game for Nursing Resuscitation Education. Clinical Simulation in Nursing.2020;39:51-54. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ecns.2019.10.009
37. Kim HY, Kim EY. Effects of Medical Education Program Using Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3895. Published 2023 Feb 22. DOI:10.3390/ ijerph20053895
38. Behmadi S, Asadi F, Okhovati M, Ershad Sarabi R. Virtual reality-based medical education versus lecture-based method in teaching start triage lessons in emergency medical students: Virtual reality in medical education. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2022;10(1):48-53. DOI: 10.30476/ JAMP.2021.89269.1370
39. Tubelo RA, Branco VL, Dahmer A, Samuel SM, Collares FM. The influence of a learning object with virtual simulation for dentistry: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Med Inform. 2016;85(1):68-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.11.005
40. Günay İsmailoğlu E, Zaybak A. Comparison of the Effectiveness of a Virtual Simulator With a Plastic Arm Model in Teaching Intravenous Catheter Insertion Skills. Comput Inform Nurs. 2018;36(2):98-105. DOI:10.1097/CIN.0000000000000405
41. Jung EY, Park DK, Lee YH, Jo HS, Lim YS, Park RW. Evaluation of practical exercises using an intravenous simulator incorporating virtual reality and haptics device technologies. Nurse Educ Today. 2012;32(4):458-463. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2011.05.012
42. Yildiz H, Demiray A. Virtual reality in nursing education 3D intravenous catheterization E-learning: A randomized controlled trial. Contemp Nurse. 2022;58(2-3):125-137. DOI:10.1080/10376178.2022.2051573
43. Benham-Hutchins M, Lall MP. Perception of Nursing Education Uses of Second Life by Graduate Nursing Students. Comput Inform Nurs. 2015;33(9):404-409. DOI: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000000170
44. Saab MM, Hegarty J, Murphy D, Landers M. Incorporating virtual reality in nurse education: A qualitative study of nursing students' perspectives. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;105:105045.DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105045
45. Chen FQ, Leng YF, Ge JF, et al. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e18290. Published 2020 Sep 15. DOI: 10.2196/18290
46. Woon APN, Mok WQ, Chieng YJS, et al. Effectiveness of virtual reality training in improving knowledge among nursing students: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;98:104655. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104655
47. Wu ML, Chao LF, Xiao X. A pediatric seizure management virtual reality simulator for nursing students: A quasi-experimental design. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;119:105550. DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105550
48. Bayram SB, Caliskan N. Effect of a game-based virtual reality phone application on tracheostomy care education for nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;79:25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.05.010
49. Leary M, McGovern SK, Chaudhary Z, Patel J, Abella BS, Blewer AL. Comparing bystander response to a sudden cardiac arrest using a virtual reality CPR training mobile app versus a standard CPR training mobile app. Resuscitation. 2019;139:167-173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. resuscitation.2019.04.017
50. Wong MAME, Chue S, Jong M, Benny HWK, Zary N. Clinical instructors' perceptions of virtual reality in health professionals' cardiopulmonary resuscitation education. SAGE Open Med. 2018 Sep 17;6:2050312118799602. DOI:10.1177/2050312118799602
51. Yates M, Kelemen A, Sik Lanyi C. Virtual reality gaming in the rehabilitation of the upper extremities post-stroke. Brain Inj. 2016;30(7):855-863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2016.11441 46
52. Ayed I, Ghazel A, Jaume-I-Capó A, Moyà-Alcover G, Varona J, Martínez- Bueso P. Vision-based serious games and virtual reality systems for motor rehabilitation: A review geared toward a research methodology. Int J Med Inform. 2019;131:103909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijmedinf.2019.06.016