Correlates of Self-Transcendence in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse studies investigating factors associated with self-transcendence in cancer patients. Material and Method: The study was conducted by electronically searching EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Wiley Online Library databases, limiting the date range beginning until December 2023, and keywords "neoplasm”, “cancer", "tumour", "carcinoma", "self-transcendence", "correlation", "factors", "predictive", "relationship", "association" and "determinant" to identify eligible studies reporting correlations. Results: This systematic review included eight articles involving 1013 patients who met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a descriptive design. The "Self-Transcendence Scale (STS)" and "Temperament and Character Inventory Revised-Self-Transcendence (TCI-R-ST)” data-collection tools were used in these studies. The results showed that self-transcendence was positively correlated with optimism, social support, problem-focused coping, emotional well-being, quality of life, power, spiritual well-being, cognitive avoidance, fighting spirit, fatalism, and resilience among cancer patients. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between uncertainty, pain frequency, pain severity, insomnia, fatigue, concentration, appearance, outlook, helplessness-hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and self-transcendence. Finally, there was a correlation between cancer stage and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Health-related, disease-related, and psychosocial variables are associated with self-transcendence in patients with cancer. Our research suggests that these insights could be used to inform the development of health promotion and prevention strategies by oncology nurses for patients with cancer.

Keywords

• cancer
• self-transcendence
• correlation
• systematic review

Kanser Hastalarında Öz Aşkınlığın Korelasyonları: Bir Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Amaç: Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, kanser hastalarında öz-aşkınlık ile ilişkili faktörleri araştıran çalışmaları analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus ve Wiley Online Library veri tabanlarında, Aralık 2023'e kadar olan tarih aralığı sınırlandırılarak ve "neoplazm", "kanser", "tümör", "karsinom", "öz aşkınlık", "korelasyon", "faktörler", "öngörücü", "ilişki", "birliktelik" ve "belirleyici" anahtar kelimeleri ile elektronik olarak arama yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu sistematik incelemeye, dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 1013 hastayı içeren sekiz makale dahil edilmiştir. Tüm çalışmalar tanımlayıcı bir tasarıma sahiptir. Bu çalışmalarda "Öz Aşkınlık Ölçeği (STS)" ve "Mizaç ve Karakter Envanteri Gözden Geçirilmiş-Öz Aşkınlık (TCI-R-ST)” veri toplama araçları kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, öz aşkınlığın kanser hastalarında iyimserlik, sosyal destek, sorun odaklı başa çıkma, duygusal iyi olma hali, yaşam kalitesi, güç, manevi iyi olma hali, bilişsel kaçınma, mücadele ruhu, kadercilik ve dayanıklılık ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan, belirsizlik, ağrı sıklığı, ağrı şiddeti, uykusuzluk, yorgunluk, konsantrasyon, dış görünüş, çaresizlik-umutsuzluk, endişeli meşguliyet ile öz aşkınlık arasında negatif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Son olarak, kanser evresi ile öz aşkınlık arasında bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sağlığa ilişkin, hastalığa ilişkin ve psikososyal değişkenler kanserli hastalarda öz aşkınlık ile ilişkilidir. Araştırmamız, bu bulguların onkoloji hemşireleri tarafından kanserli hastalara yönelik sağlığı geliştirme ve önleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kanser
• öz aşkınlık
• korelasyon
• sistematik derleme

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