Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Türkiye

Abstract

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Studies on the link between dietary inflammation and breast cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI), and breast cancer risk. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 90 premenopausal women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and 90 age-matched healthy controls. Dietary intake was assessed via 153-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and DII and DPI scores were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs) after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The DII scores of the breast cancer patients (-0.99 ± 0.95) were significantly higher than those of the controls (-1.84 ± 1.15) (p <0.001). After adjusting for age, higher DII scores were associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR = 4.44; 95% CI: 2.37–8.30; p <0.001). Further adjustments for marital status, employment, age at menarche, breastfeeding history, smoking status, body mass index, and family history of cancer showed an OR of 5.63 (95% CI: 2.10–15.12; p <0.001). No significant association was found between the DPI and breast cancer risk. Conclusion: This study revealed a positive association between a pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the DII, and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords

• Breast cancer
• dietary inflammatory index
• dietary phytochemical index
• inflammation
• nutrition

Supporting Institution

This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK).

Project Number

1919B012306709

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of Ege University (Medical Ethics Committee decision no: 22-1.1T/40, date: 14.01.2022). Verbal and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Thanks

We gratefully acknowledge the volunteers who participated in this study. We also thank TÜBİTAK for their financial support, which made this research possible.

Premenopozal Kadınlarda Diyetin İnflamatuvar Potansiyeli ile Meme Kanseri Riski Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye’den Bir Olgu-Kontrol Çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Meme kanseri, dünyada kadınlar arasında en yaygın kanser türüdür. Diyetin neden olduğu inflamasyon ve meme kanseri riski arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalarda tutarsız sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi (DII), Diyet Fitokimyasal İndeksi (DPI) ve meme kanseri riski arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu olgu kontrol çalışması, yeni tanı almış 90 premenopozal meme kanseri hastası ve 90 yaş eşleştirilmiş sağlıklı kontrol grubunu içermektedir. Diyet alımı, 153 maddelik Besin Tüketim Sıklığı anketi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve DII ile DPI puanları hesaplanmıştır. Lojistik regresyon modelleri, potansiyel karıştırıcı faktörler için düzenleme yapıldıktan sonra meme kanseri odds oranlarını (OR) tahmin etmiştir. Bulgular: Meme kanseri DII puanları (-0,99 ± 0,95), kontrol grubuna göre (-1,84 ± 1,15) anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir (p<0.001). Yaşa göre düzenleme yapıldıktan sonra, yüksek DII puanları meme kanseri riskinin artışıyla ilişkili bulunmuştur (OR = 4,44; 95% CI: 2,37–8,30; p<0,001). Evlilik durumu, çalışma durumu, menarş yaşı, emzirme öyküsü, sigara içme, beden kütle indeksi ve ailesinde kanser geçmişi gibi düzenlemeler sonrasında OR 5,63 (95% CI: 2,10–15,12; p<0,001) olarak bulunmuştur. Meme kanseri riski ile DPI arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada premenopozal kadınlarda DII ile değerlendirilen pro-inflamatuar bir diyetin, meme kanseri riski ile pozitif bir ilişki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulguları doğrulamak için daha fazla prospektif kohort çalışmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Meme kanseri
• diyet inflamasyon indeksi
• diyet fitokimyasal indeksi
• inflamasyon
• beslenme

Project Number

1919B012306709

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